相同气候背景下南北方稻田土壤上水稻生长及氮响应差异研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.19.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Soil is one of the factors affecting crop yield and nitrogen fertilizer uptake or utilization. In order to provide suggestions for high yield and high quality of rice producing, we clarify the effect of paddy soil in northern and southern China on rice growth and nitrogen efficiency.【Method】In 2018 and 2019, the pot experiments were conducted in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. The experimental soils were black paddy soil from Heilongjiang and gleyed paddy soil from Jiangsu. Three nitrogen fertilization levels were set for each soil, including no nitrogen application (N0), 0.87 g N/pot (N1, equivalent to 150 kg N·hm^-2), and 1.74 g N/pot (N2, equivalent to 300 kg N·hm^-2). Tiller numbers, SPAD value, yields and earing rates of rice, as well as nitrogen mineralization amount and nitrogen utilization efficiency of two soils, were determined. 【Result】Rice tiller numbers on black paddy soil increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application at early growth stage, however, which on gleyed paddy soil was responded to nitrogen application after the elongation stage. Soil type has a significant effect on rice tiller number. In 2018, rice tiller numbers on gleyed paddy soil was 4.41%-43.04% higher than that on black paddy soil without nitrogen application, while tiller numbers was 8.25%-12.98% lower than that on the black paddy soil after nitrogen application. In 2019, the most of tiller numbers on black paddy soil was 4.41%-46.53% higher than that on gleyed paddy soil. In 2018, the leaf SPAD value and the earbearing tiller percentage of rice showed significant differences between two soil types. The leaf SPAD value on gleyed paddy soil was 19.28%-21.19% higher than that on black paddy soil, and also, earbearing tiller percentage of rice on gleyed paddy soil was 23.89%-40.53% higher than that on black paddy soil, but no significant difference between two soil types was observed in leaf SPAD value and earbearing tiller rate in 2019. Water-logged incubation over 28 days showed that two types of soils had the same inorganic nitrogen content. Initial nitrogen mineralization rates in gleyed paddy soil was higher than that in black paddy soil, while nitrogen mineralization rate in gleyed paddy soil at later stage was lower than that in black paddy soil. A higher nitrogen mineralization potential was observed in black paddy soil, indicating the greater mineralization capacity. The nitrogen agronomic efficiency (AE_N) of black paddy soil was higher in comparison with gleyed paddy soil, while the partial factor Productivity of applied N (PFP_N ) showed the opposite trend. A higher Y₀/Nr (Y₀is the yield of rice field without nitrogen fertilizer application, and Nr is the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application) was found in gleyed paddy soil, suggesting a better coordination between soil nitrogen supply and application. The nitrogen recovery efficiency (RE_N) and nitrogen physiological efficiency (PE_N) of black paddy soil was remarkably higher in comparison with gleyed paddy soil in 2018, but the two soil types had no significant difference in the RE_N and PE_N in 2019.【Conclusion】Soil difference was not the decisive factor of nitrogen efficiency difference which was observed between southern and northern paddy fields in China, but rather the results of the combined effects of factors such as climate, crop variety, soil type, etc. Compared with black paddy soil, the gleyed paddy soil should decrease base and tiller nitrogen fertilizer, and increase the panicle nitrogen fertilizer to maintain sufficient nitrogen supply in the later stages and obtain high rice yield.

Key words: soil types, rice, nitrogen response, nitrogen efficiency, tillering, nitrogen mineralization

HUANG QiuHong,LIU ZhiLei,LI PengFei,CHE JunJie,YU CaiLian,PENG XianLong. Difference in Nitrogen Responses and Nitrogen Efficiency of Different Paddy Soils in Southern and Northern China Under the Same Climatic Condition[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(19): 4143-4154.

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References 39

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地点 Location	土壤类型 Soil type	有机质 Organic (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	pH
黑龙江 Heilongjiang	黑土型水稻土 Black paddy soil	35.8	1.74	16.0	136	5.26
江苏 Jiangsu	乌栅土型水稻土 Gleyed paddy soil	37.9	1.85	4.79	136	7.02

土壤类型 Soil type	有效积温方程 Effective accumulated temperature model, EATM				一级动力学模型 One-pool model
土壤类型 Soil type	K	n	R²	P	N₀	k₀	R²	P
黑土型水稻土 Black paddy soil	1.17	0.621	0.936	0.007	45.39	0.063	0.960	0.004
乌栅土型水稻土 Gleyed paddy soil	10.63	0.181	0.999	<0.001	28.56	0.221	0.993	<0.001

年份 Year	土壤类型 Soil type	处理Treatment	地上部干重 Dry weight (g/pot)	产量 Yield (g/pot)	AE_N (kg·kg^-1)	PFP_N (kg·kg^-1)	Y₀/Nr (kg·kg^-1)	RE_N (%)	PE_N (kg·kg^-1)
2018	黑土型水稻土 Black paddy soil	N0	84.69c	29.73c
		N1	135.79b	44.61b	17.39a	52.13a	34.75a	41.08a	41.74a
		N2	178.80a	67.04a	21.69a	38.97b	17.28b	49.09a	44.22a
	乌栅土型水稻土 Gleyed paddy soil	N0	108.39c	38.84c
		N1	139.44b	50.09b	13.08a	58.23a	45.15a	34.89a	37.56a
		N2	160.99a	61.43a	13.13a	35.71b	22.57b	39.42a	33.29a
		N	**	**	ns	**	**	ns	ns
		S	*	*	**	ns	**	*	*
		N×S	**	*	ns	**	ns	**	ns
2019	黑土型水稻土 Black paddy soil	N0	78.51c	41.18b
		N1	144.33b	80.41a	45.85a	93.98a	48.13a	59.30a	79.10a
		N2	168.83a	83.52a	24.61b	48.55b	23.94b	54.10a	45.81b
	乌栅土型水稻土 Gleyed paddy soil	N0	85.62c	48.12c
		N1	149.84b	83.17b	40.75a	96.69a	55.94a	58.86a	70.46a
		N2	179.37a	94.11a	26.73b	54.70b	27.97b	50.65a	52.82b
		N	**	**	**	**	**	ns	**
		S	*	ns	ns	*	**	ns	ns
		N×S	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

Difference in Nitrogen Responses and Nitrogen Efficiency of Different Paddy Soils in Southern and Northern China Under the Same Climatic Condition

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