Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (9): 1869-1880.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.09.005

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

The Degradation Characteristics of Different Plastic Films and Their Effects on Maize Yield in Semi-Arid Area in Western Liaoning

FENG Chen1,2(),FENG LiangShan1,2,LIU Qi3,LI HaoRu3,ZHENG JiaMing1,2,YANG Ning1,2,BAI Wei1,2,ZHANG Zhe1,2,SUN ZhanXiang1,2()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161
    2National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Fuxin 123100, Liaoning
    3Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2020-12-01 Accepted:2021-02-07 Online:2021-05-01 Published:2021-05-10
  • Contact: ZhanXiang SUN E-mail:sandyla570521@126.com;sunzx67@163.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】This study clarified the degradation characteristics of degradable mulching films and their effects on maize yield in semi-arid area in western Liaoning, which may provide a basis for regional screening and application of degradable plastic films. 【Method】A field study combined with laboratory analysis was conducted in National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment in Fuxin, with three treatments, including conventional plastic film mulching (T1), additive degradation film mulching (T2) and biodegradable film mulching (T3). Through 2 years of field experiment, the regular field observation and sampling analysis were carried out to determine the maize yield under different mulching treatments. By using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the surface morphology, mechanical properties and chemical structure of the mulching film were measured. The degradation process and degree of different types of mulching film in semi-arid area in western Liaoning were systematically analyzed. 【Result】There was no significant difference in maize yield among different treatments, and T2 and T3 had similar degradation process, in which T2 and T3 all showed cracks from the 38th day after mulching and significant degradation from the 58th day after mulching. The degradation process under T3 treatment was generally faster than that under T2 treatment, while the conventional plastic film showed almost no degradation. As plastic film degraded, the water vapor transmittance of degradable plastic film increased significantly, while the mechanical properties (tensile load, tensile strength and elongation at break) decreased significantly. The micro-structure and chemical structure of plastic film surface changed remarkably, while these indexes of conventional plastic film did not change significantly. The water vapor transmission capacity of different plastic film was in the order of T3>>T2>T1, while the mechanical properties was in order of T1>T2>T3, and the change of micro-structure of plastic film on the 98th day after mulching was in the order of T3>T2>T1, which were consistent with the field observation results and the corresponding physical indexes of mulching film. The degradation rates under T2 and T3 were 37.4% and 47.8%, respectively. The small and medium sizes of 4 cm2 and 4-25 cm2 were predominant. 【Conclusion】Biodegradable plastic film mulching could guarantee maize yield, achieve self-degradation and reduce plastic film residue. In terms of yield, degradation characteristics and residual rate, PBAT biodegradable plastic film was more feasible to replace common plastic film for maize mulching cultivation in semi-arid areas in western Liaoning.

Key words: conventional plastic film, degradable plastic film, yield, degradation characteristics, residual rate

Table 1

Basic physical and chemical properties of tested soil (0-20 cm)"

有机质
Organic matter (g·kg-1)		 pH


 矿质氮Mineral nitrogen (mg·kg-1) 有效磷
Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1)		 速效钾
Available potassium (mg·kg-1)		 容重
Bulk density (g·cm-3)		 全氮
Total nitrogen (g·kg-1)		 全磷
Total phosphorus (g·kg-1)		 全钾
Total potassium (g·kg-1)		 阳离子交换量Cation exchange capacity
(cmol·kg-1)
14.8 6.03 111 21 75 1.35 0.98 0.33 20 21.51

Fig. 1

Maize yield under different mulching film treatments in 2018-2019 Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different plastic film treatments at 0.05 level"

Fig. 2

Degradation process of different plastic mulching films in the field"

Table 2

Morphological description of fragmentation process of different plastic films"

覆膜后天数
Days after mulching
(d)		 T1 T2 T3
裂纹数
Cracks
(No./m2)		 形态描述
Description		 裂纹数
Cracks
(No./m2)		 形态描述
Description		 裂纹数
Cracks
(No./m2)		 形态描述
Description
14 0 表面未见有明显变化
No obvious change on the surface		 0 表面未见有明显变化
No obvious change on the surface		 0 表面未见有明显变化
No obvious change on the surface
38 0 表面未见有明显变化
No obvious change on the surface		 16 膜面完整,表面出现裂纹
Intact surface with cracks		 11 膜面完整,表面出现裂纹
Intact surface with cracks
58 0 膜面完整,表面有细小机械损伤
Intact surface with minor physical damage		 33 表面裂纹裂缝增多
Surface cracks increased		 23 膜面变脆,出现大的裂纹裂缝
Brittle surface with cracks
98 0 膜面完整,表面有细小机械损伤
Intact surface with minor physical damage		 >50 膜面强度明显下降,有大量裂纹裂缝,开始产生碎片
The strength of film decreased, surface with cracks and started to produce fragments		 >50 膜面强度显著下降,已经产生碎片和大范围降解
The strength of film decreased, surface with fragmentation and degradation
118 0 膜面完整,表面有细小机械损伤
Intact surface with minor physical damage		 >50 强度显著下降,膜面已成大量碎片
The strength of film decreased, surface has fragmented in large quantities		 >50 强度显著下降,膜面已成大量碎片,部分已完全降解（肉眼不可见）
The strength of film decreased, surface had fragmented in large quantities, completely degraded was found (invisible)

Fig. 3

Comparison of water vapor transmission and mechanical properties of different plastic films in different periods Different uppercase letters indicate significant difference among different plastic film treatments at 0.05 level. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among different period at 0.05 level"

Fig. 4

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of each film for 38 d and 98 d"

Fig. 5

FTIR spectrum of the films for 38 d and 98 d"

Table 3

Size and quantity of residual pieces of different plastic films in each period (pieces/m)"

覆膜后天数
Days after
mulching (d)		 T1 T2 T3
4 cm2 4-25 cm2 25-81 cm2 >81 cm2 4 cm2 4-25 cm2 25-81 cm2 >81 cm2 4 cm2 4-25 cm2 25-81 cm2 >81 cm2
14 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
38 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2
58 0 0 0 1 4 4 2 4 1 7 4 5
98 0 0 0 1 18 9 2 4 9 12 3 5
118 0 1 1 1 23 9 5 5 44 19 12 5

Fig. 6

The residual rate of each plastic mulching films Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different plastic film treatments at 0.05 level"

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