Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (7): 1365-1381.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.005

• HIGH QUALITY CULTIVATION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Temperature and Light Adaptability of High-Quality Japonica Rice and Optimum Seeding Date in Huaibei Region

XU FangFu,BIAN JinLong,HAN Chao,CHEN ZhiQing,LIU GuoDong,XING ZhiPeng,HU YaJie,WEI HaiYan(),ZHANG HongCheng()   

  1. Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Industrial Engineering Research Center of High Quality Japonica Rice, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu
  • Received:2019-11-15 Accepted:2020-05-05 Online:2021-04-01 Published:2021-04-22
  • Contact: HaiYan WEI,HongCheng ZHANG E-mail:wei_haiyan@163.com;hczhang@yzu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of the study was to elucidate the effects of different temperatures and light on the yield of high-quality japonica rice in Huaibei region.【Method】Taking medium-maturing medium japonica rice (MMMJ) Nanjing2728 and Nanjing505, late-maturing medium japonica rice (LMMJ) Nanjing9108 and Fujing1606 as experimental materials, seven seeding treatments were set on May 10 (S1), May 17 (S2), May 24 (S3), May 31 (S4), June 7 (S5), June 14 (S6) and June 21 (S7). The effects of rice yield, growth period, mean daily temperature, accumulated temperature and mean daily radiation under different seeding dates, as well as the correlation between yield and mean daily temperature, accumulated temperature and mean daily radiation were studied.【Result】(1) The yield of rice decreased significantly with the delay of seeding time, the seeding date was postponed every seven days, and the yield of MMMJ and LMMJ was reduced by 0.49 t·hm -2 and 0.63 t·hm -2, respectively. (2) With the delay of seeding time, the number of days from seeding date (SD) to stem elongation (SE), stem elongation (SE) to heading (HE) and the whole growth period showed a decreasing trend. The number days from heading (HE) to maturity (MA) showed an increasing trend, LMMJ S5-S7 could not ripen normally, and the number of days from HE to MA decreased. There was a significant positive correlation between the yield of two types of rice and the days of the whole growth period. (3) With the delay of seeding time, the mean daily temperature increased significantly from SD to SE, and decreased significantly from SE to HE, HE to MA and the whole growth period. (4) The yield of the two types of rice was negatively correlated with the mean daily temperature from SD to SE, and positively correlated with the mean daily temperature from SE to HE, HE to MA and the whole growth period. The accumulated temperature of each growth stage of two types of rice decreased with the delay of seeding time. The seeding date was postponed every seven days, the accumulated temperature in the whole growth period of MMMJ and LMMJ was reduced by 106.6℃ and 123.1℃, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the yield of the two types of rice and the accumulated temperature at each growth stage. (5) The mean daily radiation in the whole growth period decreased significantly. There was a significant positive correlation between the yield of MMMJ and the mean daily radiation from SE to HE and the whole growth period, and a positive correlation between the mean daily radiation from SD to SE and from HE to MA. There was a significant positive correlation between the yield of LMMJ and the mean daily radiation from SD to SE, and a very significant positive correlation between it and the yield of the whole growth stage, and a positive correlation between it and the mean daily radiation amount from SE to HE and from HE to MA.【Conclusion】In Huaibei region, the rice yield was more sensitive to temperature than light. The higher the accumulated temperature at each growth stage was, the higher rice yield achieved. In order to ensure the safety and maturity of the two types of high-quality japonica rice, MMMJ and LMMJ should be sown before June 14 and May 31, respectively. When the seeding date was from May 10 to May 24, the two types of high-quality japonica rice yield could be higher.

Key words: Huaibei region, high-quality japonica rice, yield, temperature and light resources

Fig. 1

Mean temperature, sunshine hours, and actual precipitation during the rice growing seasons in 2017 and 2018"

Table 1

Date of stem elongation, heading, and maturity of rice under seeding date (M-D)"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 2017 2018
拔节期
Stem elongation		 抽穗期
Heading		 成熟期
Maturity		 拔节期
Stem elongation		 抽穗期
Heading		 成熟期
Maturity
南粳2728
Nanjing2728		 S1 07-16 08-19 10-14 07-18 08-20 10-12
S2 07-21 08-23 10-19 07-23 08-24 10-16
S3 07-26 08-27 10-24 07-28 08-28 10-21
S4 07-31 08-31 10-28 08-02 08-31 10-25
S5 08-04 09-02 10-31 08-06 09-03 10-29
S6 08-08 09-04 11-06 08-10 09-05 10-31
S7 08-11 09-06 — 08-13 09-07 —
南粳505
Nanjing505		 S1 07-16 08-20 10-15 07-18 08-21 10-14
S2 07-21 08-24 10-19 07-23 08-25 10-18
S3 07-26 08-28 10-23 07-28 08-29 10-22
S4 07-31 08-31 10-27 08-02 09-01 10-26
S5 08-04 09-03 10-30 08-06 09-04 10-29
S6 08-08 09-05 11-06 08-10 09-06 11-01
S7 08-11 09-07 — 08-13 09-08 —
南粳9108
Nanjing9108		 S1 07-19 08-24 10-20 07-21 08-25 10-19
S2 07-24 08-29 10-25 07-26 08-29 10-23
S3 07-29 09-02 10-29 07-31 09-02 10-27
S4 08-03 09-06 11-02 08-05 09-06 10-31
S5 08-06 09-09 — 08-08 09-09 —
S6 08-12 09-11 — 08-14 09-11 —
S7 08-15 09-13 — 08-17 09-13 —
福粳1606
Fujing1606		 S1 07-23 08-29 10-24 07-25 08-29 10-23
S2 07-28 09-03 10-29 07-30 09-02 10-28
S3 08-02 09-07 11-02 08-04 09-05 10-31
S4 08-07 09-10 11-06 08-08 09-08 11-05
S5 08-11 09-12 — 08-12 09-11 —
S6 08-15 09-14 — 08-17 09-13 —
S7 08-18 09-16 — 08-20 09-15 —

Table 2

The coefficients a and b of each month in Angstrom-Prescott model"

参数
Coefficient		 5月
May		 6月
June		 7月
July		 8月
August		 9月
September		 10月
October		 11月
November
a 0.211 0.239 0.303 0.272 0.304 0.290 0.206
b 0.712 0.624 0.529 0.576 0.487 0.567 0.679

Fig. 2

The correlation between rice yield and total number of growing days"

Table 3

The yield difference between the two fertility types of rice varieties at seven sowing dates in 2017 and 2018 (t·hm-2)"

年度
Year		 处理
Treatment		 中熟中粳 MMMJ 迟熟中粳 LMMJ
南粳2728 Nanjing2728 南粳505 Nanjing505 南粳9108 Nanjing9108 福粳1606 Fujing1606
2017 S1 9.70a 9.65a 10.07a 10.02a
S2 9.59a 9.41a 9.86ab 9.82b
S3 9.14b 9.13b 9.32b 9.23c
S4 8.73c 8.63c 8.88c 8.59d
S5 8.15d 7.95d 8.06d 7.67e
S6 7.45e 7.34e 6.94e 6.99f
S7 6.81f 6.77f 6.38f 6.19g
均值 Mean 8.51 8.41 8.50 8.36
2018 S1 9.95a 9.75a 10.18a 10.22a
S2 9.64a 9.49ab 9.92ab 9.92b
S3 9.29b 9.16b 9.58b 9.35c
S4 8.81c 8.69c 8.95c 8.69d
S5 8.32d 8.02d 8.08d 7.79e
S6 7.62e 7.67e 7.04e 7.09f
S7 6.93f 6.84f 6.55f 6.36g
均值 Mean 8.65 8.52 8.61 8.49
年度（Y) **
类型（T） NS
播期（S） **
年度×类型（Y×T） NS
年度×播期（Y×S） NS
类型×播期（T×S） **
年度×类型×播期（Y×T×S） NS

Table 4

Number of days in the main fertility stage difference between the two fertility types of rice varieties at seven sowing dates in 2017 and 2018 (d)"

类型
Type		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 播种-拔节 SD-SE 拔节-抽穗 SE-HE 抽穗-成熟 HE-MA 全生育期 SD-MA
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
中熟中粳
MMMJ		 南粳2728
Nanjing2728		 S1 67 69 34 33 57 54 158 156
S2 65 67 33 32 58 54 156 153
S3 63 65 32 31 59 55 154 151
S4 61 63 31 29 59 56 151 148
S5 58 60 29 28 60 57 147 145
S6 55 57 27 26 64 57 146 140
S7 51 53 26 25 62 60 139 138
均值Mean 60 62 30 29 60 56 150 147
南粳505
Nanjing505		 S1 67 69 35 34 57 55 159 158
S2 65 67 34 33 57 55 156 155
S3 63 65 33 32 57 55 153 152
S4 61 63 31 30 58 56 150 149
S5 58 60 30 29 58 56 146 145
S6 55 57 28 27 63 57 146 141
S7 51 53 27 26 61 59 139 138
均值Mean 60 62 31 30 59 56 150 148
迟熟中粳
LMMJ		 南粳9108
Nanjing9108		 S1 70 72 36 35 58 56 164 163
S2 68 70 36 34 58 56 162 160
S3 66 68 35 33 58 56 159 157
S4 64 66 34 32 58 56 156 154
S5 60 62 34 32 59 58 153 152
S6 59 61 30 28 57 56 146 145
S7 55 57 29 27 55 54 139 138
均值Mean 63 65 33 32 58 56 154 153
福粳1606
Fujing1606		 S1 74 76 37 35 57 56 168 167
S2 72 73 37 34 57 57 166 164
S3 70 72 36 32 57 57 163 161
S4 68 69 34 31 58 59 160 159
S5 65 66 32 30 56 56 153 152
S6 62 64 30 27 54 54 146 145
S7 58 61 29 26 52 52 139 139
均值Mean 67 69 34 31 56 56 156 155

Table 5

Mean daily temperature in the main fertility stage difference between the two fertility types of rice varieties at seven sowing dates in 2017 and 2018 (℃)"

类型
Type		 处理
Treatment		 播种-拔节 SD-SE 拔节-抽穗 SE-HE 抽穗-成熟 HE-MA 全生育期 SD-MA
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
中熟中粳
MMMJ		 S1 24.8g 24.5g 28.6a 29.3a 21.7a 21.8a 24.5a 24.6a
S2 25.4f 25.2f 28.2b 28.8b 20.8b 20.9b 24.3b 24.5b
S3 26.3e 26.1e 27.6c 28.2c 19.8c 20.0c 24.2c 24.4c
S4 26.7d 26.8d 26.9d 28.1d 19.3d 19.3d 23.9d 24.3d
S5 27.3c 27.2c 26.3e 27.7e 18.8e 18.6e 23.7e 23.9e
S6 27.9b 27.7b 25.5f 27.0f 18.1f 18.0f 23.2f 23.7f
S7 28.1a 28.3a 25.0g 26.5g 18.0f 17.5g 23.0g 23.3g
均值Mean 26.6 26.5 26.9 27.9 19.5 19.4 23.8 24.1
迟熟中粳
LMMJ		 S1 25.1f 24.9g 28.2a 28.6a 20.1a 20.2a 24.1a 24.1a
S2 25.9e 25.5f 27.1b 28.2ab 19.2b 19.4b 23.8ab 23.9ab
S3 26.5d 26.3e 26.2c 27.9b 18.8b 18.5c 23.7b 23.9ab
S4 26.8c 27.0d 25.5d 27.3c 18.0c 17.7d 23.3c 23.7bc
S5 27.4b 27.5c 25.0e 26.5d 17.6cd 17.3de 23.2c 23.4cd
S6 27.9a 27.9b 24.3f 25.6e 17.4d 17.1e 23.2c 23.3d
S7 28.0a 28.3a 24.0f 25.1f 17.3d 16.9e 23.0c 23.3d
均值Mean 26.8 26.8 25.8 27.0 18.3 18.2 23.5 23.7
年度（Y） * ** NS **
类型（T） ** ** ** **
播期（S） ** ** ** **
年度×类型（Y×T） NS NS NS NS
年度×播期（Y×S） ** ** NS *
类型×播期（T×S） ** * ** **
年度×类型×播期（Y×T×S） NS * NS NS

Fig. 3

The correlation between yield and mean daily temperature of main growing stage *, significant at 0.05 level; **, significant at 0.01 level"

Table 6

Accumulated temperature in the main fertility stage difference between the two fertility types of rice varieties at seven sowing dates in 2017 and 2018 (℃)"

类型
Type		 处理
Treatment		 播种-拔节 SD-SE 拔节-抽穗 SE-HE 抽穗-成熟 HE-MA 全生育期 SD-MA
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
中熟中粳
MMMJ		 S1 1661.5a 1689.9b 984.2a 979.6a 1233.4a 1185.6a 3879.1a 3855.1a
S2 1654.0c 1689.5d 945.3b 933.2b 1196.4b 1140.1b 3795.7b 3762.8b
S3 1657.8b 1697.6a 897.4c 888.2c 1148.7c 1099.5c 3703.9c 3685.3c
S4 1626d 1689.8c 835.0d 828.4d 1126.1d 1078.9d 3587.1d 3597.1d
S5 1581.8e 1634.5e 774.2e 788.9e 1107.9de 1048.3e 3463.9e 3471.7e
S6 1533.7f 1581.2f 701.4f 715.0f 1145.5c 1027.1f 3380.6f 3323.3f
S7 1433.7g 1501.2g 660.8g 674.7g 1102.8e 1039.6ef 3197.3g 3215.5g
均值Mean 1592.6 1640.5 828.3 829.7 1151.5 1088.4 3572.5 3558.7
迟熟中粳
LMMJ		 S1 1808.4a 1839.3a 1026.a 998.0a 1155.9a 1130.7a 3991.2a 3968a
S2 1812.1a 1821.9a 988.9a 958.0a 1105.4b 1091.5a 3906.4b 3871.4b
S3 1800.1a 1841.3a 929.3b 906.6b 1076.2c 1046.5b 3805.6c 3794.4c
S4 1768.6a 1822.6a 866.1c 860.1c 1045.2d 1018.6bc 3679.9d 3701.3d
S5 1710.1b 1757.5b 822.8c 819.8c 1011.9e 984.3c 3544.8e 3561.6e
S6 1685.2b 1739.7b 728.9d 703.9d 966.5f 939.8d 3380.6f 3383.4f
S7 1580.3c 1669.9c 694.8d 666.2d 922.2g 893.6e 3197.3g 3229.7g
均值Mean 1737.8 1784.6 865.4 844.7 1040.5 1015.0 3643.7 3644.3
年度（Y） ** NS ** NS
类型（T） ** ** ** **
播期（S） ** ** ** **
年度×类型（Y×T） NS NS ** NS
年度×播期（Y×S） NS NS NS *
类型×播期（T×S） NS NS ** **
年度×类型×播期（Y×T×S） NS NS NS NS

Fig. 4

The correlation between rice yield and accumulated temperature during main growing stage"

Table 7

Mean daily radiation in the main fertility stage difference between the two fertility types of rice varieties at seven sowing dates in 2017 and 2018 (MJ·m-2·d-1)"

类型
Type		 处理
Treatment		 播种-拔节 SD-SE 拔节-抽穗 SE-HE 抽穗-成熟 HE-MA 全生育期 SD-MA
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
中熟中粳
MMMJ		 S1 24.3a 21.1g 19.9a 23.4a 15.7a 19.4a 20.3a 21.0a
S2 23.8c 21.9f 19.6a 22.3bc 15.3b 18.6b 19.6b 20.8b
S3 24.0b 22.0e 18.7c 22.5b 15.0c 18.2c 19.3c 20.7c
S4 22.3d 22.9b 18.4cd 22.0cd 14.9c 17.8d 18.5d 20.8b
S5 21.9e 22.8c 19.1b 21.7d 14.6d 17.5de 18.4e 20.5d
S6 21.4f 22.7d 18.1d 20.9e 14.6d 17.3e 18.0f 20.2e
S7 20.5g 23.1a 17.0e 19.6f 14.6d 16.9f 17.5g 19.8f
均值Mean 22.6 22.4 18.7 21.8 15.0 18.0 18.8 20.5
迟熟中粳
LMMJ		 S1 24.1a 21.7c 19.7a 22.6a 14.7a 18.3a 19.9a 20.7a
S2 24.1a 21.6c 18.3ab 22.5ab 14.5a 17.8ab 19.5b 20.5ab
S3 23.5a 22.1bc 17.7b 22.2ab 14.8a 17.4bc 19.1c 20.5b
S4 21.9b 23.1a 17.7b 21.5bc 15.1a 17.1c 18.5d 20.6ab
S5 21.9bc 23.1a 17.4b 20.9c 15.1a 16.5d 18.3e 20.2c
S6 21.2c 22.7ab 17.0b 20.7c 15.1a 16.3d 18.0f 19.9d
S7 20.2d 22.4b 17.5b 21.0c 14.7a 16.3d 17.5g 19.8d
均值Mean 22.4 22.4 17.9 21.6 14.9 17.1 18.7 20.3
年度（Y） ** ** ** **
类型（T） * ** ** **
播期（S） ** ** ** **
年度×类型（Y×T） * * ** **
年度×播期（Y×S） ** NS ** **
类型×播期（T×S） ** ** ** **
年度×类型×播期（Y×T×S） ** NS ** **

Fig. 5

The correlation between rice yield and mean daily radiation during main growing stage"

Fig. 6

Mean daily temperature and radiation during rice growth in Huaibei area in recent 50 years"

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