滴灌水肥一体化配施有机肥对土壤N2O排放与酶活性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.20.012

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This paper mainly studied the dynamic changes of soil N₂O emission and the activities of urease (UR), nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (Ni R) and hydroxylamine reductase (Hy R) under the condition of drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration by applying different amounts of inorganic nitrogen to organic nitrogen, and analyzed the soil N₂O emission characteristics of every treatment and the effects of soil UR, NR, Ni R and Hy R activities on soil N₂O emissions, the purpose of this research was to reveal the influence mechanism of N₂O emission process under the integration of drip irrigation water and fertilizer.【Method】 The treatments consisted of CK (no nitrogen application), N1 (200 kg·hm ^-2 organic nitrogen), N2 (200 kg·hm ^-2organic nitrogen + 250 kg·hm ^-2 inorganic nitrogen), and N3 (200 kg·hm ^-2 organic nitrogen + 475 kg·hm ^-2inorganic nitrogen). Using static-chamber method, the soil N₂O emission, enzyme activity, soil temperature and humidity during the growth period of tomato were monitored.【Result】 The integration of water and fertilizer in drip irrigation showed that the N₂O emission peak of every treatment appeared at the first day after fertilization + irrigation, and decreased continuously with the passage of time. The N₂O emission flux range under different treatments was 0.98-1544.79 μg·m ^-2·h ^-1. The total N₂O emissions during the growth period of tomato under different treatments had significant differences among each treatment, which were N3 ((7.13±0.11) kg·hm ^-2) >N2 ((4.87±0.21) kg·hm ^-2) >N1 ((2.54±0.17) kg·hm ^-2) >CK ((1.56±0.23) kg·hm ^-2). Compared with N3, the total soil N₂O emissions from N1 and N2 decreased by 64.38% and 31.70%, respectively. During the growth period of tomato, the characteristics of seasonal emission of N₂O changed obviously, which revealed high in autumn and low in winter. The activity of soil nitrogen-related enzymes increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The soil N₂O flux was positively correlated with 5 cm soil temperature, 0-10 cm soil nitrate nitrogen content, soil NR activity and soil Hy R activity (P＜0.01).【Conclusion】 Under the integration of drip irrigation and water and fertilizer, soil N₂O mainly came from the nitrification process, which reduced the N₂O emissions generated by the denitrification process. Considering the factors such as tomato yield, quality and N₂O emission, it was recommended to apply 200 kg·hm ^-2organic nitrogen +250 kg·hm ^-2 inorganic nitrogen, 75 kg·hm ^-2 P₂O₅ and 450 kg·hm ^-2 K₂O in northern greenhouse autumn-winter tomato.

Key words: N₂O emissions, soil nitrogen invertase, drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration, temperature, nitrate nitrogen, greenhouse tomato

YaJing XI,JunYu WANG,YinKun LI,XuePing WU,XiaoXiu LI,BiSheng WANG,ShengPing LI,XiaoJun SONG,CaiCai LIU. Effects of Drip Irrigation Water and Fertilizer Integration Combined with Organic Fertilizers on Soil N₂O Emission and Enzyme Activity[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(20): 3611-3624.

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土层 Soil depth (cm)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	电导率 Electrical conductivity (μS·cm^-1)	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)
0-20	15.4	1.55	14.87	276	1.354
20-40			12.80	278	1.517
40-60			22.25	348	1.485
60-80			70.25	360	1.361
80-100			98.68	392	1.424

处理 Treatment	排放总量 Total emissions (kg·hm^-2)	排放系数 Emission coefficient (%)
CK	1.56±0.23d	-
N1	2.54±0.17c	0.49
N2	4.87±0.21b	0.83
N3	7.13±0.11a	0.89

	5 cm土温 5 cm soil temperature	土壤含水量 Soil water content	0-10 cm土层硝态氮含量 Nitrate nitrogen content in 0-10 cm soil layer	0-10 cm土层铵态氮含量 Ammonium nitrogen content in 0-10 cm soil layer
CK	0.278	0.134	0.124	0.102
N1	0.319**	0.158	0.506**	0.155
N2	0.401**	0.237	0.766**	0.351
N3	0.445**	0.352	0.820**	0.512**

	N₂O排放通量 N₂O emission flux	UR活性 UR activity	NR活性 NR activity	Ni R活性 Ni R activity	Hy R活性 Hy R activity
N₂O排放通量 N₂O emission flux	1	-0.055	0.516**	0.163	0.757**
UR活性 UR activity		1	0.704**	0.843**	0.567**
NR活性 NR activity			1	0.605**	0.712**
Ni R活性 Ni R activity				1	0.566**
Hy R活性 Hy R activity					1

Effects of Drip Irrigation Water and Fertilizer Integration Combined with Organic Fertilizers on Soil N₂O Emission and Enzyme Activity

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Effects of Drip Irrigation Water and Fertilizer Integration Combined with Organic Fertilizers on Soil N2O Emission and Enzyme Activity

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Effects of Drip Irrigation Water and Fertilizer Integration Combined with Organic Fertilizers on Soil N₂O Emission and Enzyme Activity