秸秆还田对我国主要粮食作物产量效应的整合（Meta）分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.21.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】In order to provide scientific grounds for the implementation of grain crop straw return, this study quantified the yield effect of straw return.【Method】It was collected and sorted out the published Chinese literatures in the past 30 years (a total of 274 piece of literature and 1 930 pairs data until December 31, 2019). By using meta-analysis method, the comprehensive effect of straw returning on crop yield was clarified with the main analysis process, included calculation of effect value, heterogeneity test, meta-subgroup analysis and publication bias test. And then, the effects under different experiment region, average annual temperature, average annual precipitation, soil texture, soil pH, crop type, planting system, tillage method, fertilization method, experiment duration and return amount was further quantitatively analyzed.【Result】Compared with straw remove, straw return significantly increased crop yield, and the average increasing rate was about 8.06%, with a 95% confidence interval of 7.52%-8.60%. No publication bias was found in the result. The yield effect was the highest in the southeastern region, reaching 9.37% (95% CI: 8.11%-10.64%). The straw-return effect was higher when the average annual temperature was 5-10 °C and the average annual precipitation is more than 1 200 mm. In different soil texture, the yield effect of straw return was 8.13% in clay (95% CI: 6.80%-9.49%), 9.04% in loam (95% CI: 8.06%-10.01%) and 6.96% in sandy soils (95% CI: 5.18%-8.77%), respectively. Among the three types of grain crops, namely, wheat, corn, and rice, the increase rate of yield on maize reached 9.22% (95% CI: 8.38%-10.05%) by straw returning. Plowing and no-till was the best tillage methods exerting the yield effect of straw returning, the increasing rate of yield were 11.05% (95% CI: 10.05%-12.05%) and 8.98% (95% CI: 7.21%-10.79%), respectively. When the straw was returned to the field without fertilization, the crop yield was significantly increased with an increase rate of 25.66% (95% CI: 22.04%-29.38%), which was significantly higher than that of 8.08% (95% CI: 7.50%-8.68%) under normal fertilization, but the overall yield level was lower. The yield increase rate of straw mulching reached 9.56% and the yield increase effect of straw mulching over 20 years was significantly increased (yield increase rate: 15.42%, 95% CI: 11.05%-19.95%). In addition, the most suitable amount of straw was half of the ex-crop (increase rate of yield was 9.09%, 95% CI: 7.41%-10.79%).【Conclusion】Straw return could significantly increase crop yield in different agricultural production areas. Furthermore, the long-term implication of crop straw with no-till or plowing tillage, normal fertilization and appropriate amount, could maintain continuous increase in crop yield.

Key words: straw return, China, crop, yield effect, meta-analysis

YANG JunHao,LUO YongLi,CHEN Jin,JIN Min,WANG ZhenLin,LI Yong. Effects of Main Food Yield Under Straw Return in China: A Meta-Analysis[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(21): 4415-4429.

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References 93

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影响因素 Influence factor	分类亚组 Classification of sup-group
试验区域 Experiment region	东北、华北、西北、东南、西南 Northeast, North, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest
年平均气温 Average annual temperature	<5℃、5-10℃、10-15℃、15-20℃
年平均降雨量 Average annual precipitation	<400 mm、400-800 mm、800-1200 mm、>1200 mm
土壤质地 Soil texture	黏土、壤土、砂土 Clayey soil, loam soil, sand soil
土壤酸碱性 Soil pH	弱酸性土壤、中性土壤、碱性土壤 pH<6.5、6.5<pH<7.5、pH>7.5
作物种类 Crop type	小麦、玉米、水稻 Wheat, Maize, Rice
种植制度 Plant system	一年一熟制、一年两熟制 Single plant, Double plant
耕作方式 Tillage method	深耕、免耕、旋耕、翻耕 Deep tillage, No-till, Rotary tillage, Plowing
施肥模式 Fertilization	不施肥（F0）、不施氮肥（N0）、不施钾肥（K0）、低氮施肥（N-）、高氮施肥（N+）、正常施肥（F）
还田年限 Experiment duration	0-5、5-10、10-15、15-20、>20
秸秆还田量 Return amount	少量还田（0-50%）、适量还田（50%-100%）、全量还田（100%）、过量还田（>100%）

模型 Model	增产率 Rate (%)	置信区间CI (%)		Z-val	n	Q-val	P_Q-val	I²(%)	P_B-val
模型 Model	增产率 Rate (%)	下限LL	上限UL	Z-val	n	Q-val	P_Q-val	I²(%)	P_B-val
随机效应模型 REM	8.06	7.52	8.60	30.193	1930	67433	0.000	97.55	0.0605

解释变量 explaning variance	I²(%)	Q_m	P_Q-val	R²(%)
试验区域 Region	97.59	7.1078	0.1303	0.23
年均气温 Average annual temperatur	97.60	2.9258	0.4028	0.03
年均降水量 Average annual precipitation	97.58	10.4892	0.0148	0.51
土壤质地 Soil character	97.60	6.0149	0.1109	0.12
土壤酸碱性 Soil pH	97.54	34.9845	<0.0001	1.96
作物种类 Crop type	97.22	246.6566	<0.0001	13.75
种植模式 Plant system	97.60	6.5813	0.0103	0.39
耕作方式 Tillage method	97.51	59.3379	<0.0001	3.04
肥料运筹 Fertilization	97.44	120.1434	<0.0001	6.52
还田年限 Return duration	97.56	25.4725	<0.0001	1.28
秸秆还田量 Straw amount	97.60	1.9179	0.5896	0.00

Effects of Main Food Yield Under Straw Return in China: A Meta-Analysis

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