宽幅播种旱作冬小麦幅间距与基因型对产量和 水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.11.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study was carried out to clarify the interaction between wide range strip sowing and wheat cultivar, so as to improve the yield and water use efficiency. 【Method】 In this study, two different genotypes were selected in the dry farming area of the Loess Plateau. Five different sowing spacing and two factor interaction were used to measure the soil moisture, dry matter accumulation, light transmittance and yield of winter wheat. After three consecutive years of data accumulation, the effects of different spacing of wide sowing and different plant type interaction on yield and water use were analyzed. 【Result】 There was no significant difference in light transmittance at flag leaf position and bottom of canopy between cultivars at filling stage. The transport capacity and contribution rate of straw and glume dry matter were higher in C6359 than that in Longjian 117, which was a tall wheat cultivar. Compared with conventional drilling sowing, the wide range sowing had high light transmittance at flag leaf position and dry matter transport when ranges spacing was 18 cm. There was no difference in water consumption during the whole growth stage between cultivars. When the width spacing was 18 cm, the water consumption decreased by 10.8 mm and water use efficiency increased by 8.91% compared with conventional drilling sowing. There was no significantly different in grain yield between wheat cultivars. The grain yield was increased by expanding the sink capacity in C6359 and by increasing the number of spikes per unit area in Longjian 117, respectively. The interaction of cultivar and width spacing had no significant effect on grain yield. The wide range strip sowing could adapted to different genotypes of winter wheat cultivars by adjust the range spacing. When the range spacing was 18 cm, the yield increases by 139.2 kg·hm ^-2 compared with conventional drilling sowing. 【Conclusion】 When the width range spacing was 18 cm, the yield and water use efficiency were increased in different genotypes of wheat winter cultivars. However, the water consumption was not significant increase. These results provided a theoretical basis for the winter wheat high-yield cultivation technology with new cultivars in loess dry plateau area

Key words: dry farming region, wide-range distance, winter wheat, yield, WUE

ZHAO Gang,FAN TingLu,LI XingMao,ZHANG JianJun,DANG Yi,LI ShangZhong,WANG Lei,WANG ShuYing,CHENG WanLi,NI ShengLi. Effects of Wide-Range Distance and Genotype on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(11): 2171-2181.

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References 31

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年份 Year	一月 Jan.	二月 Feb.	三月 Mar.	四月 Apr.	五月 May	六月 Jun.	七月 Jul.	八月 Aug.	九月 Sep.	十月 Otc.	十一月 Nov.	十二月 Dec.
2015	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	12.3	39.7	55.1	0.0
2016	0.0	0.0	13.6	31.0	44.8	75.5	105.2	48.0	28.8	46.7	0.0	9.6
2017	0.0	14.2	51.7	19.5	62.1	102	63.6	211.3	13.3	109.9	0.0	10.5
2018	15.0	8.0	15.5	49.7	80.2	80.6	—	—	—	—	—	—

品种 Variety	幅间距 Wide-range distance	运转量 Amount of translocation (g/plant)			运转率 Translocation rate (%)			贡献率 Contribution ratio (%)
品种 Variety	幅间距 Wide-range distance	颖壳 Glume	秸秆 Stem	秸秆+颖壳 Stem+Glume	颖壳 Glume	秸秆 Stem	秸秆+颖壳 Stem+Glume	颖壳 Glume	秸秆 Stem	秸秆+颖壳 Stem+Glume
陇鉴117 LJ117	CK	0.08b	0.49a	0.57a	24.84b	36.69a	34.32a	8.51b	50.32a	58.83a
陇鉴117 LJ117	M25	0.12a	0.37b	0.49b	38.94a	29.46c	31.31bc	11.88a	37.24c	49.12c
	M30	0.08b	0.46a	0.54a	24.28b	34.69b	32.58b	7.95c	44.66b	52.61b
	M18	0.05c	0.47a	0.52ab	16.30c	33.68bc	30.38c	5.09d	44.76b	49.85c
	M0	0.04c	0.33b	0.36c	12.64d	26.60d	24.03d	3.39e	31.66d	35.05d
长6359 C6359	CK	0.06b	0.54b	0.60b	15.33b	35.53b	31.30c	5.25b	45.98b	51.23c
长6359 C6359	M25	0.09a	0.37c	0.46c	21.55a	26.18d	25.12d	7.97a	32.74c	40.72e
	M30	0.06b	0.67a	0.73a	15.58b	42.22a	37.14a	5.17b	59.41a	64.58a
	M18	0.05bc	0.60a	0.65b	13.95c	36.59b	32.19bc	5.15b	56.1a	61.26b
	M0	0.04c	0.48b	0.51c	10.27d	32.64c	28.06d	3.62c	44.75b	48.37cd

品种 Variety	幅间距 Wide-range distance	收获土壤贮水量（0—200 cm） Soil water storage of harvest (0-200 cm)			土壤耗水量 Soil water loss
品种 Variety	幅间距 Wide-range distance	2016	2017	2018	2016	2017	2018
陇鉴117 LJ117	CK	263.3a	301.5a	329.3a	72.5a	53.3b	123.9b
陇鉴117 LJ117	M25	272.1a	287.5a	316.7a	63.6c	66.3a	136.4a
	M30	272.0a	304.3a	330.2a	63.7c	49.5b	122.9b
	M18	271.3a	297.4a	331.7a	64.4c	51.4b	121.5b
	M0	266.8a	292.3a	336.8a	68.9b	61.5a	116.4c
长6359 C6359	CK	258.6a	304.0a	342.4a	77.1a	49.8c	110.8ab
长6359 C6359	M25	269.3a	304.5a	335.0a	66.4b	49.2c	118.2a
	M30	262.6a	296.5a	347.1a	73.2a	57.3b	106.1b
	M18	271.3a	297.8a	359.0a	64.4b	56.0b	94.2c
	M0	278.0a	281.2a	342.5a	57.8c	72.6a	110.7ab

品种 Variety	幅间距 Wide-range distance	穗粒数Grains per spike				穗数Spike number (×10⁴plants/hm²)				千粒重1000-grain weight (g)
品种 Variety	幅间距 Wide-range distance	2016	2017	2018	Mean	2016	2017	2018	Mean	2016	2017	2018	Mean
陇鉴117 LJ117	CK	34.1b	31.6a	33.3a	33.0a	570.0b	435.0c	511.0a	505.3b	35.7a	28.7a	38.1a	34.2a
陇鉴117 LJ117	M25	37.7a	31.3a	33.8a	34.3a	598.5ab	484.5a	509.0a	530.7a	36.9a	28.1a	37.0a	34.0a
	M30	33.1b	29.5b	32.4ab	31.7b	604.5ab	448.5bc	446.0b	499.7b	36.8a	27.0a	37.0a	33.6a
	M18	35.5ab	30.5ab	30.2b	32.1ab	636.0a	466.5ab	442.0b	514.8a	36.4a	27.8a	38.1a	34.1a
	M0	35.0ab	31.8a	30.5b	32.4ab	610.5ab	454.5bc	512.2a	525.7a	36.6a	28.0a	37.6a	34.1a
长6359 C6359	CK	29.5b	28.9a	39.3a	32.6a	607.5a	294.0b	417.0b	439.5c	45.1a	33.5a	40.8a	39.8a
长6359 C6359	M25	32.1a	29.3a	36.6b	32.7a	505.5c	436.5a	323.3d	421.8c	44.2a	32.3a	40.3a	38.9a
	M30	32.0a	27.8a	37.0ab	32.3a	561.0ab	436.5a	377.7c	458.4b	45.2a	31.9a	40.8a	39.3a
	M18	29.6b	29.7a	35.7b	31.7a	585.0ab	451.5a	438.4a	491.6a	44.6a	33.5a	39.5a	39.2a
	M0	31.9ab	28.4a	34.6b	31.6a	552.0bc	433.5a	414.4b	466.6b	43.5a	32.9a	41.7a	39.4a

品种 Variety	幅间距 Wide-range distance	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)			耗水量 ET (mm)			水分利用效率 WUE (kg·mm^-1·hm^-2)
品种 Variety	幅间距 Wide-range distance	2016	2017	2018	2016	2017	2018	2016	2017	2018
陇鉴117 LJ117	CK	4705.3bc	1850.8a	3442.2a	341.3a	355.6ab	498.3ab	13.77bc	5.20a	6.90a
陇鉴117 LJ117	M25	4757.0b	1742.9ab	2951.3b	332.8a	372.9a	516.5a	14.29b	4.67ab	5.72b
	M30	4457.1c	1590.1ab	2769.4b	332.1a	348.5b	495.3b	13.39c	4.47ab	5.59b
	M18	5302.7a	1749.4ab	3333.6a	333.6a	363.6ab	460.9c	15.89a	4.82b	7.23a
	M0	4547.4bc	1494.0b	2909.1b	338.2a	368.2a	496.4b	13.45c	4.06b	5.86b
长6359 C6359	CK	4452.2bc	2024.6ab	3423.2a	346.2a	356.6b	490.1a	12.85c	5.68a	6.98a
长6359 C6359	M25	4683.1b	1531.3c	2406.5d	335.9a	355.7b	497.2a	13.95b	4.30b	4.83c
	M30	4552.5bc	1750.8bc	2245.6d	342.5a	363.9b	486.3b	13.30bc	4.81ab	4.62c
	M18	5197.4a	2117.2a	3033.0b	333.6a	371.6b	463.6b	15.58a	5.78a	6.54a
	M0	4351.3c	1848.9abc	2691.3c	327.5a	391.6a	490.0a	13.31bc	4.88ab	5.49b

Effects of Wide-Range Distance and Genotype on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

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