山西谷子地方品种农艺性状和品质性状的综合评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.11.001

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The comprehensive evaluation of the agronomic traits and quality traits of Shanxi foxtail millet landrace resources were used to analyze the diversity characteristics and distribution laws of Shanxi foxtail millet. The comprehensive analysis of traits of millet germplasm resources provided scientific basis for evaluation and selection of new varieties of foxtail millet resources. 【Method】 The diversity evaluation of 15 traits in 212 Shanxi foxtail millet germplasm resources were carried out. Variation coefficients, Shannon-Weaver Information index cluster analysis, principal component analysis, correlation and regression analysis were comprehensively used to evaluate the relationship of characteristics and select important characteristics. 【Result】 The result showed that diversity indexes range of 212 Shanxi foxtail millet germplasm resources was 0.92-2.15, and all of them was greater than 1.00 except of grain color (GC); Variation coefficients ranged from 3.35%-38.66%, large variations were found in the traits of plant height (PH), panicle length (PL), stem length (SL), stem diameter (SD), panicle diameter (PD), stem node number (SNN), spike number (SN), grain number per spike (GNS), single spike weight (SSW), spike grain weight (SGW), thousand-grain weight (TGW), amylase/amylopectin ratio, and GC. The less variation was showed in starch and protein. Shanxi millet landrace were divided into 3 groups by cluster analysis, the first group was northern varieties from Datong and Shuozhou, the second group central varieties from Yangquang, Taiyuan, Jinzhong and Yuci, the third group southern varieties from Linfen and Yuncheng; the clustering was consistent with their geographical distribution. The mean value was higher in the traits of SSW, SGW, and TGW in northern varieties. The varieties were more abundant in the traits of GNS, SSW, TGW, protein, starch, and amylase/amylopectin ratio in the southern varieties. Principal component analysis showed that the variation cumulative contribution rate of the first nine principal components was accounted for 89.26%. The average F value from the comprehensive evaluation of traits of 212 Shanxi foxtail millet germplasm resources was 0.521. Huanggeda is the highest (0.709), and Niumaohuang is the lowest (0.315). The correlating analysis between the 15 traits and F value showed that the phenotypic traits (PH, PL, SL, SD, PD, SNN, SN, GNS, SSW, and SGW) were significantly correlated with the F value. The ratio of amylase/amylopectin was also significantly correlated with the F value. Nine traits, including PH, PL, SL, SN, GNS, SSW, protein, amylase/amylopectin ratio, and GC, were selected out as evaluation indexes by stepwise regression analysis. 【Conclusion】 Shanxi foxtail millet landrace resources presented large phenotypic diversity. Cluster analysis can divide Shanxi millet germplasm resources into three groups, southern varieties, central varieties, and northern varieties. The results of the division and geographical sources coincide. The amylase/amylopectin ratio can be used as an index for the evaluation of Shanxi foxtail millet germplasm resources. The variation of the southern varieties in Shanxi presented higher level of phenotypic diversity, which can be used as a resource base for the quality and characteristic breeding of the millet.

Key words: foxtail millet, landrace, agronomic trait, quality trait, comprehensive evaluation

LIU SiChen,CAO XiaoNing,WEN QiFen,WANG HaiGang,TIAN Xiang,WANG JunJie,CHEN Ling,QIN HuiBin,WANG Lun,QIAO ZhiJun. Comprehensive Evaluation of Agronomic Traits and Quality Traits of Foxtail Millet Landrace in Shanxi[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(11): 2137-2148.

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References 38

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性状Trait	平均值Mean±SD	变幅Range	变异系数CV (%)	多样性指数H＇
株高PH (cm)	120.14±16.35	63.50-158.67	13.61	2.15
穗长PL (cm)	29.83±5.47	16.67-49.00	18.34	1.94
茎长SL (cm)	31.55±4.63	21.28-46.00	14.66	1.95
茎粗SD (cm)	0.77±0.11	0.52-1.12	14.56	1.10
穗粗PD (cm)	2.81±0.54	1.25-4.27	19.19	1.31
节数SNN	13.17±1.35	9.00-18.50	10.23	1.69
码数SN	110.93±24.18	57.00-176.50	21.80	2.08
码粒数GNS	126.32±24.18	54.00-238.00	28.17	1.50
单穗重SSW (g)	32.29±7.99	13.23-55.89	24.74	1.97
穗粒重SGW (g)	25.61±6.88	9.91-47.16	26.87	1.57
千粒重TGW (g)	3.50±0.42	1.87-4.58	12.04	1.57
蛋白质Protein (%)	12.60±1.07	10.34-15.87	8.45	1.82
淀粉Starch (%)	72.63±2.44	51.35-76.31	3.35	1.71
直/支比Amylase/Amylopectin ratio	0.26±0.05	0.10-0.39	17.47	1.07
粒色GC	-	-	38.66	0.92

性状 Trait	2015		2016
性状 Trait	平均值Mean±SD	变异系数CV (%)	平均值Mean±SD	变异系数CV (%)
株高PH (cm)	113.89±17.52	15.38	126.40±18.35	14.52
穗长PL (cm)	30.08±5.59	18.59	29.59±6.23	21.06
茎长SL (cm)	33.08±6.27	18.96	31.73±6.75	21.26
茎粗SD (cm)	0.80±0.12	15.28	0.74±0.17	22.23
穗粗PD (cm)	2.71±0.59	21.60	2.91±0.75	25.73
节数SNN	13.06±1.38	10.54	13.29±1.54	11.60
码数SN	102.23±21.27	20.81	119.62±30.93	25.86
码粒数GNS	122.54±46.52	37.96	130.10±38.83	29.85
单穗重SSW (g)	28.01±8.53	30.43	36.57±10.54	28.81
穗粒重SGW (g)	23.42±8.67	36.99	27.79±8.41	30.27
千粒重TGW (g)	3.39±0.45	13.31	3.61±0.53	14.56

性状 Traits	株高 PH	穗长 PL	茎长 SL	茎粗 SD	穗粗 PD	节数 SNN	码数 SN	码粒数 GSN	单穗重 SSW	穗粒重 SGW	千粒重 TGW	蛋白质 Protein	淀粉 Starch	直/支比 Amylase/ Amylopectin ratio
穗长PL	-0.11
茎长SL	-0.25**	0.60**
茎粗SD	0.15*	0.33**	0.04
穗粗PD	-0.18*	0.16*	0.14*	0.19**
节数SNN	0.81**	-0.08	-0.36**	0.30**	-0.05
码数SN	0.39**	0.40**	0.22**	0.21**	-0.32**	0.29**
码粒数GSN	0.18**	-0.02	-0.05	0.29**	0.42**	0.27**	-0.29**
单穗重SSW	0.06	0.38**	0.25**	0.46**	0.42**	0.15*	0.13	0.60**
穗粒重SGW	-0.06	0.39**	0.27**	0.34**	0.42**	0	0.09	0.53**	0.89**
千粒重TGW	-0.44**	0.30**	0.42**	-0.05	0.26**	-0.42**	-0.22**	0	0.32**	0.38**
蛋白质Protein	0.06	0.08	0.15*	-0.06	-0.17*	-0.01	0.15*	-0.17*	-0.20**	-0.26**	-0.14*
淀粉Starch	-0.11	-0.1	0	-0.02	0.07	-0.05	-0.17*	0.08	0.09	0.13	0.16*	-0.41**
直/支比 Amylase/ Amylopectin ratio	-0.12	0.04	0.13	-0.07	0.21**	-0.03	-0.21**	0.1	0.05	0.05	0.15*	-0.04	-0.11
粒色GC	-0.17*	0.1	0.06	-0.07	-0.01	-0.22**	0.04	-0.14*	0.02	0.04	0.09	0.05	0	-0.01

性状Traits	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	Ⅵ	Ⅶ	Ⅷ	Ⅸ
株高 PH	-0.1188	0.5085	0.0515	0.0099	-0.0859	0.2071	0.3038	0.1324	-0.1549
穗长PL	0.2959	-0.0209	0.4544	-0.0099	-0.119	0.0458	-0.1833	0.1337	-0.1555
茎长SL	0.2564	-0.2142	0.3829	0.044	-0.2749	0.0018	0.1956	0.3161	0.0467
茎粗SD	0.2361	0.2912	0.1097	-0.0237	0.1128	-0.2104	-0.7207	0.1024	0.294
穗粗PD	0.3319	-0.0275	-0.2258	0.2652	0.0842	-0.059	-0.1504	0.3252	-0.724
节数SNN	-0.0614	0.5367	-0.0392	0.039	-0.0972	0.206	0.0573	0.1655	-0.1175
码数SN	-0.023	0.2462	0.5179	-0.2383	-0.0843	0.173	0.0113	-0.1526	-0.1013
码粒数GSN	0.2984	0.2511	-0.3088	0.2056	0.1337	-0.1389	0.2388	0.0895	0.2649
单穗重SSW	0.4674	0.1951	0.0099	-0.0345	0.1131	-0.0081	0.175	-0.1794	0.1386
穗粒重SGW	0.4724	0.1055	-0.0049	-0.0882	0.0947	0.0013	0.2134	-0.277	0.0825
千粒重TGW	0.2999	-0.3228	0.0188	-0.064	-0.1583	0.014	0.2151	-0.1484	-0.0567
蛋白质Protein	-0.1513	-0.0143	0.3378	0.4467	0.1944	-0.3336	0.2722	0.3972	0.2655
淀粉Starch	0.0944	-0.0664	-0.2711	-0.585	-0.1982	0.0963	0.0436	0.6104	0.2353
直/支比Amylase/Amylopectin ratio	0.0965	-0.1058	-0.1076	0.5063	-0.3044	0.6684	-0.1851	0.0029	0.2993
粒色GC	0.0258	-0.1693	0.1279	-0.1236	0.7951	0.498	0.0252	0.1688	0.0089
特征值E	3.4524	2.7222	2.1183	1.3234	0.9762	0.8787	0.7353	0.6384	0.5434
百分率CR (%)	23.0161	18.1478	14.1222	8.8225	6.5083	5.8582	4.9021	4.2561	3.6226
累计百分率CCR (%)	23.0161	41.1639	55.2861	64.1087	70.617	76.4752	81.3774	85.6335	89.256

性状 Trait	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	性状 Trait	相关系数 Correlation coefficient
株高PH	0.32**	单穗重SSW	0.82**
穗长PL	0.59**	穗粒重SGW	0.73**
茎长SL	0.40**	千粒重TGW	0.14*
茎粗SD	0.52**	蛋白质Protein	0.12
穗粗PD	0.31**	淀粉Starch	-0.14*
节数SNN	0.34**	直/支比 Amylase/Amylopectin ratio	0.18**
码数SN	0.39**	粒色GC	0.15*
码粒数GNS	0.53**

Comprehensive Evaluation of Agronomic Traits and Quality Traits of Foxtail Millet Landrace in Shanxi

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性状 Traits	株高 PH (cm)	穗长 PL (cm)	茎长 SL (cm)	茎粗 SD (cm)	穗粗 PD (cm)	节数 SNN	码数 SN	码粒数 GNS	单穗重 SSW (g)	穗粒重 SGW (g)	千粒重 TGW (g)	蛋白质 Protein (%)	淀粉 Starch (%)	直/支比 Amylase/ Amylopectin	粒色 GC
山西北部North
平均值±标准误 Mean±SD	98.64± 10.94	31.73± 4.05	32.66± 3.15	0.78± 0.13	3.06± 0.58	11.70± 0.96	92.92± 17.98	125.34± 33.28	33.66± 8.01	29.06± 8.28	3.88± 0.32	12.12± 0.90	73.23± 1.54	0.26± 0.04	1.93± 0.38
范围 Range	63.50- 116.84	26.84- 49.00	27.17- 43.67	0.53- 1.12	1.97- 4.22	9.00- 13.67	59.67- 151.00	72.33- 200.17	13.23- 51.65	9.91- 47.16	2.84- 4.58	10.44- 14.64	67.70- 75.68	0.14- 0.36	1.50- 3.50
变异系数 CV (%)	11.10	12.77	9.63	16.29	18.92	8.23	19.35	26.55	23.79	28.49	8.20	7.44	2.11	14.65	19.81
山西中部Central
平均值±标准误 Mean±SD	124.02± 13.36	28.99± 5.75	32.25± 5.01	0.73± 0.09	2.91± 0.51	13.43± 1.22	107.51± 20.10	132.35± 34.82	32.88± 7.33	25.75± 5.65	3.53± 0.36	12.55± 0.98	73.10± 1.33	0.27± 0.04	1.92± 0.92
范围 Range	77.20- 158.67	16.67- 45.17	22.78- 42.00	0.52- 1.00	1.25- 4.27	10.83- 18.50	58.50- 154.17	69.00- 207.00	16.91- 50.51	14.37- 39.19	2.67- 4.16	10.34- 14.74	69.11- 76.31	0.10- 0.39	1.00- 6.00
变异系数 CV (%)	10.78	19.82	15.54	12.43	17.65	9.12	18.70	26.31	22.29	21.93	10.32	7.84	1.82	16.00	48.25
山西南部South
平均值±标准误 Mean±SD	127.79± 10.86	29.74± 5.64	30.11± 4.55	0.82± 0.11	2.55± 0.44	13.71± 1.06	125.03± 23.54	119.92± 36.96	30.84± 8.57	23.49± 6.57	3.25± 0.36	12.93± 1.14	71.75± 3.41	0.25± 0.05	1.73± 0.56
范围 Range	92.00- 151.83	16.67- 44.00	21.28- 46.00	0.53- 1.08	1.50- 3.65	11.00- 16.50	57.00- 176.50	54.00- 238.00	13.45- 55.89	10.17- 43.43	1.87- 3.98	10.68- 15.87	51.35- 75.91	0.17- 0.39	1.00- 3.50
变异系数 CV (%)	8.50	18.96	15.12	13.40	17.06	7.71	18.83	30.82	27.77	27.98	11.17	8.78	4.75	19.98	32.15

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