Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (4): 653-665.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.04.003

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Current Status and Perspectives of Innovation Studies Related to Foxtail Millet Seed Industry in China

JIA GuanQing(),DIAO XianMin()   

  1. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2021-09-06 Accepted:2021-11-29 Online:2022-02-16 Published:2022-02-23
  • Contact: XianMin DIAO E-mail:jiaguanqing@caas.cn;diaoxianmin@caas.cn

Abstract:

Seed industry was the ‘chip’ of agricultural development, and original innovation have played essential roles in maintaining stable development of modern agriculture. The No. 1 central document of China released in 2021 has put forward requirements of original innovation researches essential for supporting further developments of Chinese crop seed industry. Foxtail millet is a traditional crop species cultivated for both forage and grain food consumption in China, and to date, foxtail millet was still widely planted as minor cereals in China with the largest scale of field production and commercial consumption across the globe. Foxtail millet was originated from China and cultivated for thousands of years to ensure development of Chinese agricultural culture and field crop production. Original innovation in foxtail millet has promoted initial development of foxtail millet seed industry based on operation of herbicide-resistant varieties in recent decades, including breakthroughs in areas of heterosis utilization, herbicide resistant breeding, dwarfing variety creation and genomics study of this important crop species. Achievements of fundamental researches including germplasm characterization, development of breeding tools, coordination and regulation of vital traits, seeds propagation and truth identification of commercial varieties have provided more opportunities for further development of the seed industry of foxtail millet. However, challenges of seed industry development still exist in China, including deficiency of excellent germplasms, backward breeding approaches, inharmonious of yield and quality characters, unclear criterion of seed propagation and market supervision problems. Future direction of original innovation studies related to foxtail millet seed industry were as follows: 1) Large scale breeding systems constructed from utilizations of crop phenomics and genomic modification technologies, double haploid breeding and genome selection tools, identification and pyramiding of superior haplotypes; 2) Seeds production, store and quality supervision systems constructed from techniques of development and water content of commercial seeds, and establishment of molecular fingerprints and efficient utilization of heterosis in foxtail millet; 3) Construction of innovation system through integrating education, research and promotion sectors of seed industry and stimulate personnel training in China.

Key words: foxtail millet, seed industry, original innovation, development status, future perspectives

Fig. 1

Distribution and constitution of recorded foxtail millet varieties in China A: Amount of varieties recorded in all provinces of China; B: Amount of varieties recorded by organizations; C: Type of all recorded varieties; D: Sowing areas of recorded varieties; E: Herbicide resistance of all varieties"

Table 1

Key regulators identified in foxtail millet"

序号
No.
性状
Trait
基因名称
Gene name
参考文献
Reference
鉴定国家
Country
单倍型效应
Haplotype effects
1 株高Plant height SiDW1 [33] 中国China 尚未明确Not clear
2 株高Plant height SiDW2 [34] 中国China 尚未明确Not clear
3 株高Plant height SiDW3 [35] 中国China 尚未明确Not clear
4 叶片披垂度Droopy leaf SiDPY1 [36] 中国China 尚未明确Not clear
5 籽粒糯性Waxy endosperm SiWaxy [37] 日本Japan 已鉴定Clear
6 抗除草剂(拿捕净)Herbicide resistant (sethoxydim) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase [38] 法国France 已鉴定Clear
7 抗除草剂(氟乐灵)Herbicide resistant (Trifluralin) α- and β-tubulin [39] 法国France 已鉴定Clear
8 抗除草剂(阿特拉津)Herbicide resistant (Atrazine) Photosystem II D1 [40] 中国China 已鉴定Clear
9 抗除草剂(咪唑乙烟酸)Herbicide resistant (imazethapyr) Acetohydroxyacid synthase [41] 加拿大Canada 已鉴定Clear
10 果穗松紧Loose panicle loose-panicle 1 [42] 中国China 尚未明确Not clear
11 叶片颜色Leaf color SiYGL1 [43] 中国China 尚未明确Not clear
12 叶片颜色Leaf color SiYGL2 [44] 中国China 尚未明确Not clear
13 抗旱性Drought tolerant SiASR4 [45] 中国China 尚未明确Not clear
14 叶鞘色Leaf sheath color SiPPLS1 [46] 中国China 尚未明确Not clear
15 抽穗期Heading date SiTOC1 [47] 中国China 已鉴定Clear

Fig. 2

Pipeline for further development of foxtail millet seed industry in China"

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