Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3): 574-584.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.03.010

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Conditioning Agents and Agronomic Measures on Cadmium Uptake by Rice in Polluted Rice Fields

PENG Ou1,LIU YuLing1,TIE BaiQing1(),YE ChangCheng1,ZHANG Miao1,LI YuanXingLu1,ZHOU JunChi1,XU Meng1,ZHANG Yan1,LONG Yong2   

  1. 1 College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University/Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Irrigation Water Purification, Changsha 410128;
    2 Agricultural Technology Service Station, Nanzhou Town, Lukou District, Zhuzhou 412107, Hunan
  • Received:2019-04-25 Accepted:2019-09-12 Online:2020-02-01 Published:2020-02-13
  • Contact: BaiQing TIE E-mail:tiebq@qq.com

Abstract:

【Objective】How to safely use cadmium (Cd) to prevent it from contaminating cultivated land to produce up to standard rice is a hot topic for scholars. This paper mainly explored the effects of water management, conditioning agent measures and combined measures on the Cd reduction of rice in polluted rice fields. It aimed to reduce the bioavailability of soil Cd and the Cd content in rice under the premise of not significantly reducing rice yield【Method】Field rice experiments were carried out in a moderately Cd-contaminated paddy field in Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province, through a field plot test. In the experiment, rice was planted for two seasons. The early rice variety was Zhongjiazao17, and the late rice variety was Taiyou390. The test setup design was divided into 6 groups, namely water management treatment (T2), application of silicon fertilizer treatment (T3), application of bamboo charcoal treatment (T4), application of silicon fertilizer combined with water management treatment (T5), application of bamboo charcoal combined with water management treatment (T6), and control (T1), and each treatment was repeated 3 times.【Result】The effective Cd content in the paddy soil was reduced by the treatments. The bamboo charcoal combined with water management treatment (T6) significantly reduced the soil moisture in the two rice grow seasons. The silicon fertilizer combined with water management treatment (T5) had the largest reduction of available cadmium in the late rice soil. The treatments all had the effect of reducing the Cd content in all parts of rice. In the aspect of cadmium content of brown rice, the reduction of Cd content in brown rice in the five experimental treatments was the best in combination with the repair technology, namely silicon fertilizer combined with water management treatment (T5). Combined with carbon and water management (T6), in the water management and repair technology, the water management in the whole growth period has the best Cd effect, the highest reduction was 29.23%; in the application of conditioning agent repair technology, silicon fertilizer treatment (T3) and bamboo charcoal treatment (T4) significantly reduced rice husks and brown rice (P<0.05). Under the silicon fertilizer treatment (T3), brown rice had the highest Cd amplitude of 49.23%; under the bamboo charcoal treatment (T4), brown rice had the highest Cd amplitude of 47.69%. In the treatment technology, the Cd content of rice brown rice could be significantly reduced. The silicon fertilizer combined with water management treatment (T5) of brown rice decreased Cd range from 60.34% to 78.46%, and bamboo charcoal combined with water management (T6) brown rice decreased Cd range from 56.90% to 67.69%. At the same time, this paper analyzed the correlation between soil available cadmium content and cadmium content in various parts of rice, and found that there was very significant positive correlation between rice grain (rice husk and brown rice) and soil available cadmium content (P<0.01), and two rice varieties were consistent. The treatments also had the effect of reducing the enrichment coefficient of various parts of rice, and the best results were obtained by silicon fertilizer combined with water management treatment (T5) and carbon combined water management (T6). Regarding the effect of reducing the rice-to-grain transfer coefficients from different parts of the rice, the rules were inconsistent, but the transfer coefficients of the stalk sheaths and leaves to the grains (rice hulls and brown rice) were significantly reduced, except for water management (T2) treatment. In terms of rice yield, only water management treatment (T2) significantly reduced yield of Zhongjiazao17, and the other treatments did not decrease significantly. Each treatment had no significant effect on Taiyou390.【Conclusion】The combination measures were better than single water management or single conditioner treatment, and the maximum Cd drop in rice Cd-contaminated rice fields reached 78.46% when rice yield was not significantly reduced, which could further ensure the safe use of Cd-contaminated farmland.

Key words: rice, water management, cadmium, silicon fertilizer, bamboo charcoal

Table 1

Available cadmium in soils of early and late rice in cadmium-contaminated rice fields"

处理
Treatment
土壤Cd含量
Soil Cd concentration (mg·kg-1)
早稻土壤有效态Cd含量
Soil available Cd concentration in early rice (mg·kg-1)
晚稻土壤有效态Cd含量
Soil available Cd content in late rice (mg·kg-1)
T1 1.52±0.21a 1.17±0.13ab 1.15±0.07a
T2 1.47±0.15a 1.19±0.16a 1.05±0.08a
T3 1.47±0.14a 0.97±0.15ab 0.94±0.08ab
T4 1.43±0.16a 0.92±0.11b 0.99±0.09ab
T5 1.51±0.06a 0.96±0.14ab 0.80±0.06c
T6 1.54±0.08a 0.91±0.13b 0.89±0.03bc

Fig. 1

Effects of conditioning agents and water management on Cd contents of rice roots, stem sheaths and leaf in Cd-contaminated paddy fields The difference between treatments was marked by lowercase letters (P<0.05). The same as below"

Fig. 2

Effects of conditioning agents and water management on Cd content in rice grains of Cd-contaminated rice fields"

Table 2

Correlation between available Cd content in paddy soil and Cd content in various parts of rice"

品种Variety 部位Organ 拟合公式Fitting formula 拟合度R-squared 相关系数Correlation coefficient
中嘉早17
Zhongjiazao 17
根系 Root y = 12.1070x - 2.9678 R2 = 0.8457 r=0.551*
茎鞘 Stem-sheath y = 3.1702x + 0.1614 R2 = 0.4864 r=0.339
叶片 Leaf y = 0.9363x - 0.3450 R2 = 0.5852 r=0.590*
稻壳 Rice husk y = 0.8912x - 0.4040 R2 = 0.7274 r=0.853**
糙米 Brown rice y = 0.7232x - 0.3660 R2 = 0.7063 r=0.840**
泰优390
Taiyou 390
根系 Root y = 8.5009x + 2.6206 R2 = 0.2303 r=0.480*
茎鞘 Stem-sheath y = 3.9923x + 2.1199 R2 = 0.2296 r=0.479*
叶片 Leaf y = 0.4759x + 0.7394 R2 = 0.0478 r=0.219
稻壳 Rice husk y = 0.9209x - 0.4151 R2 = 0.4199 r=0.648**
糙米 Brown rice y = 1.1700x - 0.7611 R2 = 0.4564 r=0.676**

Table 3

Effects of conditioning agents and water management on rice enrichment factors in Cd- contaminated paddy fields"

品种
Variety
处理
Treatment
根系/土壤
Root/Soil
茎鞘/土壤
Stem-sheath/Soil
叶片/土壤
Leaf/ Soil
稻壳/土壤
Rice husk/ Soil
糙米/土壤
Brown rice/ Soil
中嘉早17
Zhongjiazao 17
T1 7.87±0.62a 2.85±0.39a 0.93±0.04a 0.52±0.00a 0.38±0.00a
T2 7.32±0.64a 2.09±0.20b 0.83±0.09ab 0.38±0.08b 0.31±0.06b
T3 5.57±0.19b 2.19±0.38b 0.69±0.13b 0.28±0.04c 0.24±0.03c
T4 6.21±0.50b 2.41±0.00ab 0.79±0.03ab 0.31±0.04bc 0.25±0.04bc
T5 5.13±0.75b 2.07±0.08b 0.74±0.20ab 0.24±0.04c 0.15±0.02d
T6 5.49±0.69b 1.98±0.19b 0.80±0.02ab 0.28±0.02c 0.16±0.00d
泰优390
Taiyou 390
T1 8.40±0.08a 4.80±0.19a 0.93±0.04a 0.49±0.01a 0.42±0.05a
T2 8.27±0.12a 4.11±0.13b 0.83±0.09ab 0.36±0.00b 0.31±0.01b
T3 6.24±0.86c 3.94±0.03b 0.69±0.13b 0.26±0.03d 0.22±0.04c
T4 7.54±0.28ab 3.90±0.18b 0.79±0.03ab 0.32±0.01c 0.23±0.05c
T5 6.00±0.79c 3.26±0.54c 0.74±0.20ab 0.22±0.02e 0.09±0.03d
T6 6.68±0.18bc 3.87±0.14b 0.80±0.02ab 0.23±0.02de 0.13±0.05d

Table 4

Effects of conditioning agents and water management on rice transport coefficient in Cd-contaminated rice fields"

品种
Variety
处理
Treatment
根系/茎鞘
Root/
Stem-sheath
茎鞘/叶片
Stem-sheath/
Leaf
茎鞘/稻壳
Stem-sheath/
Rice husk
茎鞘/糙米
Stem-sheath/
Brown rice
叶片/稻壳
Leaf/
Rice husk
叶片/糙米
Stem-sheath /
Brown rice
中嘉早17
Zhongjiazao 17
T1 0.36±0.02a 0.33±0.03bc 0.18±0.03a 0.14±0.02a 0.56±0.03a 0.41±0.02a
T2 0.29±0.00b 0.40±0.01ab 0.18±0.02a 0.15±0.02a 0.46±0.05b 0.37±0.04ab
T3 0.39±0.06a 0.32±0.00c 0.13±0.00b 0.11±0.00b 0.41±0.02bc 0.34±0.02b
T4 0.39±0.03a 0.33±0.01bc 0.13±0.02b 0.10±0.01b 0.40±0.07bc 0.32±0.05b
T5 0.41±0.05a 0.35±0.08abc 0.12±0.01b 0.07±0.01c 0.34±0.04c 0.21±0.03c
T6 0.36±0.01a 0.41±0.03a 0.14±0.00db 0.08±0.01bc 0.35±0.02c 0.20±0.00c
泰优390
Taiyou 390
T1 0.57±0.03abc 0.19±0.02ab 0.10±0.01a 0.09±0.01a 0.52±0.01a 0.45±0.03a
T2 0.50±0.01c 0.20±0.02ab 0.09±0.00b 0.08±0.00ab 0.44±0.05b 0.38±0.03b
T3 0.64±0.09a 0.18±0.03b 0.07±0.01c 0.06±0.01bc 0.37±0.02b 0.32±0.00bc
T4 0.52±0.04bc 0.20±0.00ab 0.08±0.00b 0.06±0.02bc 0.40±0.00b 0.30±0.07c
T5 0.54±0.02bc 0.22±0.02a 0.07±0.01c 0.03±0.00d 0.31±0.06c 0.12±0.01d
T6 0.58±0.00ab 0.21±0.01ab 0.06±0.01c 0.04±0.01cd 0.28±0.02c 0.17±0.05d

Fig. 3

Effects of conditioning agents and water management on rice yield in Cd-contaminated paddy fields"

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