柑橘不同类型砧木的种子和苗期性状

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.03.011

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Good rootstock could promote plant growth, improve fruit yield and quality, and enhance stress tolerance and adaptability. Currently in China, mixed genotype of seeds is generally used for propagation of nursery trees. Variable germination, growth, and stress tolerance of seedlings are the common problems significantly affecting the quality of nursery trees, also the performance of orchard plants. This research was aimed to study the key parameters related to the quality of seedlings in different genotypes of rootstocks, to establish the standards for evaluation of rootstock and provide guidelines for selection of superior rootstock. 【Method】 104 different citrus rootstock germplasm accessions were evaluated in five consecutive years on their seed characteristics, such as seed number per fruit, plumpness of seeds, 1 000-grain weight, embryonic type, and the seedling performances, such as germination rate, occurrence of etiolation and blight, and the growth vigor. The uniformity of the seedlings of some rootstock accessions were identified by COS (Conserved Ortholog Sequences) markers. Association of MITE (Miniature inverted-repeat transposable element) insertion with embryonic type was also investigated in some rootstock accessions. 【Result】 (1) Fruits of Poncirus and its hybrids, as well as Citrus junos accessions were highly multi-seeded and multi-seeded. Most of the seeds were plumpy, polyembryonic and mixed-embryonic type. The 1000-grain weight of most accessions was more than 200 g. The seed numbers per fruit in mandarins were highly variable in the range of low-seeded, multi-seeded and highly multi-seeded. Most seeds were medium plumpy and polyembryonic. The 1 000-grain weight in approximately half of the mandarin accessions was less than 100 g. (2) Seedling performances differed among different types of rootstocks. C. junos demonstrated the highest frequency of germination, and lower etiolation rate, but the seedlings were sensitive to blight disease. The germination rates of Poncirus and its hybrids were lower than that of C. junos, but the etiolation rate was higher. Their seedlings were tolerant to blight disease. The germination rates of most mandarin accessions were comparatively low, and the rates of both etiolation and blight were also low. Comparisons of seedling growth at 10 months after sowing, Poncirus showed the strongest growth vigor, followed by its hybrids and C. junos, while those of mandarins were the least measured by both seedling height and stem diameter. (3) Correlation analysis revealed that except for the occurrences of etiolation and blight, parameters between the traits of seeds and seedlings such as seeds per fruit, 1000-grain weight, plumpness, the mono-embryo rate, poly-embryo rate, embryonic type, the height and the stem diameter of seedlings were tightly correlated at the levels of high significance (P＜0.01) or significance (P＜0.05). The contribution of each individual parameter to the overall variation was highly different. PCA (principle component analysis) could clearly distinguish the genetic differences between the different types of rootstocks. The coefficient variations of the parameters except for etiolation rate were not significantly variable among different years, indicating those traits were comparatively stable. (4) Results of COS marker showed that mono-embryonic seedlings of mandarin were less uniform than that of mono-embyonic seedlings of Poncirus and all the poly-embryonic and mixed-embyonic accessions. MITE insertion was detected in polyembryonic accessions of mandarin, C. junos and Poncirus hybrids, but did not in monoembryonic accessions of mandarin and pummelo. However, MITE insertion did not observed either in monoembryonic or polyembryonic accessions of some Poncirus. 【Conclusion】Parameters between seed traits and seedling performances were highly correlated. These results indicated that the high quality of seedling was greatly associated with good characters of seed. Measured by overall performance, the characters of both seeds and seedlings of Poncirus were the best, followed by Poncirus hybrids and C. junos, those of mandarins were the worst.

Key words: citrus rootstock, seed trait, embryonic type, seedling performance, uniformity

ZHU ShiPing,WANG FuSheng,CHEN Jiao,YU Xin,YU Hong,LUO GuoTao,HU Zhou,FENG JinYing,ZHAO XiaoChun,HONG QiBin. Seed Traits and Seedling Performances of Different Types of Citrus Rootstock[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(3): 585-599.

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References 30

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类型 Type	数量 No.	单果种子数 Seed No.per fruit (Seed/fruit)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	饱满度比例 Plumpness (%)	单胚比例 Monoembryo rate (%)	多胚比例 Polyembryo rate (%)	胚型比例 Embryo type (%)
枳 Poncirus trifoliata	47	20-44,多核 Multinuclear	141.6-266.2	饱满 Full,74.5	5.2-99.6	0.4-94.8	单胚 Mono embryo,4.3
枳 Poncirus trifoliata				一般 Common,25.5			多胚 Poly embryo,2.1
							混胚 Mixed embryo,93.6
枳杂种 Poncirus hybrids	10	8-33,较多核 Multiple nuclei,多核 Multinuclear	135.7-239	饱满 Full,60	0-87.5	12.5-100	多胚 Poly embryo,50
枳杂种 Poncirus hybrids				一般 Common,40			混胚 Mixed embryo,50
香橙 C. junos	12	12-36,较多核 Multiple nuclei,多核 Multinuclear	147.3-223.3	饱满 Full,75	0-26.3	73.8-100	多胚 Poly embryo,58.3
香橙 C. junos				一般 Common,25			混胚 Mixed embryo,41.7
宽皮柑橘 C. reticulata	27	4-62,少核 Few nuclei,较多核 Multiple nuclei,多核 Multinuclear	55-391	饱满 Full,11.11	0-99.5	0.5-100	多胚 Poly embryo,81.5
宽皮柑橘 C. reticulata				一般 Common,62.96			混胚 Mixed embryo,11.1
				不饱满 Not full,25.93			单胚Mono embryo,7.4

类型 Type	数量 No.	出苗率（4年） Germination (4 years) (%)	黄化率（4年） Etiolation (4 years) (%)	立枯率（4年） Blight rate (4 years) (%)	株高（3年） Plant height (3 years) (cm)	2017年株高 Plant height in 2017 (cm)	3年茎粗（3年） Stem diameter (3 years) (mm)	2017年茎粗 Stem diameter in 2017 (mm)
枳 Poncirus trifoliata	47	62.60-104.9	0.40-10.09	0-8.33	8.24-15.21	30-59.9	1.3-1.8	2.0-3.2
枳杂种 Poncirus hybrids	10	43.10-115.71	0.26-9.37	0-1.42	5.48-12.98	22.10-32.90	1.5-1.8	2.0-3.1
香橙 C. junos	12	81.96-166.69	0.15-2.26	0-4.02	4.57-9.56	16.10-35	1.2-1.7	2.1-3.2
宽皮柑橘 C. reticulata	27	28.60-103.58	0-5.20	0-3.70	4.03-7.63	7.70-42.1	1.0-1.7	1.4-2.9

类型 Type	数量 No.	千粒重 1000-grain weight	单果种子数 Seed No. per fruit	多胚比例 Polyembryo rate	单胚比例 Monoembryo rate	出苗率 Germination rate	黄化率 Etiolation rate	株高 Plant height	茎粗 Stem diameter
枳 Poncirus trifoliata	47	3.45-27.64	2.20-38.81	3.20-58.28	0.80-127.30	24.07-50.44	104.46-223.61	21.28-60.57	9.0-36.5
枳杂种 Poncirus hybrids	10	5.66-27.48	4.72-76.48	0-12.9	14.14-84.85	29.95-79.28	41.91-223.61	18.34-54.47	10.6-27.7
香橙 C. junos	12	6.71-52.51	5.14-54.39	0-26	36.00-223.61	21.62-40.92	160.22-223.61	17.54-91.22	8.7-25.7
宽皮柑橘 C. reticulata	27	2.67-36.09	5.41-74.44	0.80-200	0.00-200	32.58-107.03	141.97-223.61	29.81-92.61	8.7-57.8

	单果种子数 Seed No. per fruit	千粒重 1000-grain weight	饱满度 Plumpness	单胚比例 Monoembryo rate	多胚比例 Polyembryo rate	胚型 Embryo type	出苗率 Germination	黄化率 Etiolation	立枯率 Standing rate	株高（2013—2016年） Plant height (2013-2016)	株高（2017年） Plant height (2017)	茎粗（2013—2016年） Stem diameter (2013-2016)	茎粗（2017年） Stem diameter (2017)
单果种子数 Seed No. per fruit	1.00
千粒重 1000-grain weight	0.53**	1.00
饱满度 Plumpness	0.38**	0.69**	1.00
单胚比例 Monoembryo rate	0.56**	0.28**	0.16	1.00
多胚比例 Polyembryo rate	-0.56**	-0.28**	-0.16	-1.00**	1.00
胚型 Embryo type	-0.66**	-0.42**	-0.28**	-0.82**	0.82**	1.00
出苗率 Germination	0.08	0.24*	0.27**	-0.11	0.11	0.01	1.00
黄化率 Etiolation	0.14	0.22*	0.02	0.10	0.10	-0.02	0.00	1.00
立枯率 Standing rate	-0.09	-0.10	-0.09	-0.18	0.18	0.08	0.16	0.07	1.00
株高（2013—2016年） Plant height (2013-2016)	0.65**	0.56**	0.52**	0.23*	-0.23*	-0.54**	0.06	0.20	-0.20	1.00
株高（2017年） Plant height (2017)	0.63**	0.56**	0.48**	0.20*	-0.20*	-0.48**	0.06	0.22*	-0.22	0.84**	1.00
茎粗（2013—2016年） Stem diameter (2013-2016)	0.47**	0.58**	0.51**	0.13	-0.13	-0.36**	0.08	0.19*	-0.26*	0.75**	0.68**	1.00
茎粗（2017年） Stem diameter (2017)	0.27 **	0.45**	0.46**	0.04	-0.04	-0.13	0.15	0.12	-0.02	0.42**	0.69**	0.57**	1.00

胚型 Embryo type	KPJ-023	XC-011	XC-013	KPJ-030	Z-040	ZZ-030	Z-006	Z-022
胚型 Embryo type	单胚 Mono embryo	混胚 Mixed embryo	多胚 Poly embryo	混胚 Mixed embryo	单胚 Mono embryo	混胚 Mixed embryo	多胚 Poly embryo	混胚 Mixed embryo
COSC1-1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
COSC1-4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
COSC1-12	-	-	+	-	-	-	+	-
COSC2-5	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
COSC2-8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
COSC2-19	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
COSC3-7	-	-	-	-	-	+	-	-
COSC3-27	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-
COSC3-13	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
COSC4-10	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
COSC4-9	-	-	-	-	+	-	+	+
COSC4-3	+	+	-	-	-	-	-	-
COSC5-7	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
COSC5-8	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
COSC5-9	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
COSC6-7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
COS6-3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
COSC6-17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
COSC7-3	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
COSC7-4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
COSC7-8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
COSC8-4	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
COSC8-13	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-
COSC8-9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
COSC9-3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
COSC9-5	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
COSC9-8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
位点变异率 Site mutation rate (%)	37	7	4	4	4	4	7	4
变异株率 Mutant rate (%)	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1

Seed Traits and Seedling Performances of Different Types of Citrus Rootstock

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