现代月季品种表型性状分析与评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.24.017

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study was to analyze 11 phenotype indexes of 60 rose cultivars and to illustrate the variation rules and the genetic diversity coefficient of each index and the correlation between them. The principal component analysis was used to select an optimal evaluation and calculation method to provide reference for rational clustering of rose cultivars. 【Method】Taking 11 statistical characters of 60 modern rose cultivars in field as the research object, the variation index and Shannon-wiener genetic diversity index of each character data in rose cultivars were analyzed with SPSS19.0 and Microsoft Excel 2007, and the correlation analysis and principal component analysis of each character were carried out. Based on the composite score of principal components and each principal component score, the clustering of the rose cultivars were done.【Result】The statistical results of phenotypic traits showed that, the majority of the tested roses were erect and expanded shrubs, which accounted for 53% and 35% of the total cultivars respectively. The number of leaflets of mature leaves was 5, accounting for 68% of total cultivars. The average whole leaf length, top leaflet width, internode length and average flower diameter of 60 rose cultivars were 11.6, 3.2, 3.6 and 7.6 cm, respectively. The variation coefficient of each quantitative index ranged from 21% to 25%, which was not large. The main color of rose was pure color, accounting for 82% of the total. Among them, purple and yellow flowers were the most. The cultivars with successive flower heads accounted for 65% of the total number, and the flower shapes were mainly ball-shaped and cup-shaped, accounting for 33% and 32% of the total cultivars, respectively. The main senescence modes of rose flowers were petal abscission and flower withering, accounting for 47% and 43% of the total cultivars, respectively. The variation range of the genetic diversity coefficient of each index was between 0.62 and 3.73, among which the diversity index of 8 traits was above 1, the highest was the whole leaf length, and the lowest was the leaflet number. The genetic diversity coefficient of flower color among qualitative traits was the highest. There was an extremely significant positive correlation between whole leaf length and the top leaflet width, the internode length and the whole leaf length, the internode length and the top leaflet width. The flower head number was very significantly negatively correlated with the internode length. There was a significantly positive correlation between the senescence type and the growth habit, the number of flower heads was significantly positive correlated with the number of leaflets and the flower type, but significantly negative correlated with the flower diameter. The results of principal component analysis showed that the 11 phenotype indexes could be simplified into 4 principal component factors, and the variance contribution rate of the 4 principal components was up to 63.28%, among which the variance contribution rate of the first principal component was up to 21.1%. Each principal component factor mainly represented the index variables, such as leaf shape, flower shape, number of flower heads, number of petals and flower aging mode. Based on the composite score of principal components and each principal component score, the 60 cultivars of roses were clustered, and the distribution range of the composite score of principal components of each cultivar was from -1.878 to 1.522. The rose cultivars could be divided into 4 clusters according to the scores, and each cluster was represented by 8, 36, 15 and 1 cultivars, respectively. The classification of each cluster reflected the comprehensive performance of roses in the field. 【Conclusion】Modern rose had a rich diversity of flower color and leaf shape indexes, and some flower shape indexes were significantly related to leaf shape or growth habit. The conclusions would contribute to rose breeding and selecting. The four principal component indexes and the clustering of cultivars selected in the study provided theoretical basis for the preservation and application of the existing rose cultivars.

Key words: rose, variation coefficient, phenotype diversity, correlation, composite score of principal components

Cong GUO,Wei GUAN,XiangGuo ZENG,QingHua ZHANG,FaYun XIANG,YueJun SONG,YongChao HAN. Phenotype Character Analysis and Evaluation of Modern Rose Cultivars[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(24): 4632-4646.

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Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Cultivar name and breeding area of rose cultivars"

品种编码 Code	品种名 Cultivar name	培育地 Breeding area	品种编码 Code	品种名 Cultivar name	培育地 Breeding area
C1	安布里奇Ambridge Rose	英国Britain	C31	玛姬婶婶Aunt Margys	意大利Italy
C2	彩蝶Cai Die	中国China	C32	玛丽玫瑰マリーローズ	日本Japan
C3	草药ラムカン	日本Japan	C33	芒果浪漫Mango Romantica	法国France
C4	超级绿色スーパーグリーン	日本Japan	C34	朦胧泡泡Misty Bubbles	荷兰Netherlands
C5	橙色浪漫オレンジロマンティカ	日本Japan	C35	蜜桃雪山Peach Avalanche+	荷兰Netherlands
C6	雏鸡ひよこ	日本Japan	C36	魔果モコモコ	日本Japan
C7	蝶之舞セシルドゥヴォーランジェ	日本Japan	C37	莫奈Claude Monet	法国France
C8	丁香经典ライラッククラシック	日本Japan	C38	耐心Patience	英国Britain
C9	躲躲藏藏カシュ・カシュ	日本Japan	C39	纽带Kizuna	法国France
C10	蜂蜜焦糖Honey Caramel	法国France	C40	苹果挞タルト・ポム	日本Japan
C11	红苹果レッドアップルローズ	日本Japan	C41	蜻蜓リベルラ	日本Japan
C12	胡里奥Julio Iglesias	法国France	C42	秋日胭脂オータムルージュ	日本Japan
C13	欢笑格鲁吉亚Teasing Georgia	英国Britain	C43	神秘Mysterieuse	法国France
C14	幻彩アルヌワブラン	日本Japan	C44	桃香ももか	日本Japan
C15	皇家ロワイヤル	日本Japan	C45	藤本彩虹仙境Rainbows End	美国America
C16	黄金呼呼塞拉Golden Vuvuzela	荷兰the Netherlands	C46	天方夜谭シェエラザード	日本Japan
C17	黄金庆典Golden Celebration	英国Britain	C47	甜蜜果酱Honey Jam	日本Japan
C18	婚礼钟声クロッシュドマリアージュ	日本Japan	C48	甜蜜马车Sweet Chariot	美国America
C19	加百列大天使ガブリエル	日本Japan	C49	我爱你ティアモ	日本Japan
C20	金丝雀カナリアリッチ	日本Japan	C50	无条件的爱Unconditional love	美国America
C21	京みやこ	日本Japan	C51	夏日花火Xiari Huahuo	中国China
C22	卡哈拉Kahala	美国America	C52	香织装饰かおりかざり	日本Japan
C23	凯丽Carey	英国Britain	C53	小魔女甜心Péché Mignon	法国France
C24	狂欢派对パーティーラナンキュラ	日本Japan	C54	新浪潮ニューウェーブ,フォルム	日本Japan
C25	拉米炫耀Lamy Parade	丹麦Denmark	C55	新星2009Nova 2009 Hit	丹麦Denmark
C26	蓝色阴雨レイニーブルー	日本Japan	C56	阳光海滩サニービーチ	日本Japan
C27	浪漫宝贝Baby Romantica	法国France	C57	樱桃白兰地Cherry Brandy	德国Germany
C28	浪漫珊瑚心Romantica Vuvuzela	荷兰the Netherlands	C58	永远的艾帕索El Paso Forever	丹麦Denmark
C29	榴花秋舞Liuhua Qiuwu	中国China	C59	珍妮莫罗Jeanne Moreau	法国France
C30	马萨德医生Docteurs Massad	法国France	C60	智慧女神M-ミネルヴァ	日本Japan

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Table 3

Habit and leaf diversity analysis of rose cultivars"

品种编号 Code	P1株形 Habit	P2全叶长Leaf length			P3顶小叶宽Top leaflet width			P4节间距Distance between leafs			P5小叶数 Leaflet number
品种编号 Code	P1株形 Habit	均值 Mean (cm)	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)	均值 Mean (cm)	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)	均值 Mean (cm)	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)	P5小叶数 Leaflet number
C1	1	11.2	0.2	1.9	2.9	0.2	7.7	4.3	0.5	11.9	7
C2	2	13.2	1.1	8.6	3.1	0.3	9.0	3.4	0.6	18.9	7
C3	1	12.5	1.6	13.0	3.8	0.5	12.3	4.7	0.7	14.3	5
C4	2	10.6	2.1	19.5	3.2	0.3	8.4	4.3	0.4	10.4	5
C5	1	15.0	2.0	13.1	4.8	0.5	9.6	4.3	0.7	15.6	7
C6	1	13.1	2.9	22.4	2.9	0.4	12.7	3.3	0.9	27.5	5
C7	2	5.3	0.7	13.4	2.0	0.2	12.6	3.2	0.3	8.6	5
C8	1	8.0	0.6	7.2	3.5	0.4	10.9	3.6	0.3	9.5	5
C9	0	3.8	0.3	7.0	0.9	0.2	17.9	1.7	0.3	16.1	5
C10	1	10.1	0.8	8.2	2.7	0.2	7.1	3.0	0.4	14.9	5
C11	1	14.0	2.2	15.7	3.9	0.5	13.7	4.5	0.4	9.9	7
C12	2	11.4	1.9	16.4	3.4	0.3	9.4	3.2	0.3	8.6	7
C13	2	13.6	1.1	8.2	3.6	0.4	10.1	4.3	0.3	7.9	7
C14	1	15.1	0.8	5.1	3.6	0.8	22.0	4.3	0.8	19.5	5
C15	1	11.8	2.6	22.0	3.7	1.3	35.0	3.9	0.7	18.4	5
C16	1	14.5	2.2	15.3	3.7	0.6	15.4	4.2	0.6	13.6	7
C17	2	11.1	0.9	8.4	2.9	0.3	10.8	4.0	0.6	14.8	5
C18	1	14.5	1.1	7.7	2.0	0.2	7.8	4.3	0.4	9.1	5
C19	2	11.9	1.8	15.1	3.3	1.2	35.8	3.8	0.6	15.0	7
C20	1	10.8	2.2	20.0	2.8	0.6	22.9	1.7	0.3	16.1	5
C21	1	11.1	0.8	7.0	3.2	0.6	17.7	4.6	0.4	9.1	5
C22	2	14.8	1.2	8.2	4.0	0.3	6.6	4.5	0.4	9.9	5
C23	1	12.8	0.7	5.1	3.2	0.3	10.1	5.0	0.6	12.2	7
C24	2	12.6	1.2	9.3	3.2	0.3	10.3	3.4	0.6	17.1	5
C25	2	7.7	0.7	9.5	1.9	0.2	12.9	2.2	0.2	9.5	5
C26	3	14.0	1.5	10.6	2.9	0.3	11.7	2.8	0.2	8.1	5
C27	0	9.0	0.8	8.5	2.6	0.3	12.8	4.2	0.6	13.6	5
C28	1	11.6	0.8	6.8	4.6	0.6	12.5	3.2	0.3	8.6	7
C29	2	9.1	1.7	19.1	1.8	0.2	9.8	3.0	0.0	0.0	7
C30	1	12.2	1.3	11.0	5.7	0.5	9.2	3.2	1.0	32.4	5
C31	0	10.7	1.0	9.4	2.0	0.2	9.9	2.5	0.4	14.1	7
C32	2	10.6	0.7	6.2	2.9	0.3	9.9	2.8	0.2	6.2	5
C33	1	8.9	1.3	14.7	3.5	0.4	12.7	3.2	0.8	23.7	5
C34	1	11.8	1.4	11.9	3.8	0.3	9.0	3.5	0.5	14.3	7
C35	1	11.6	1.4	11.9	3.2	0.2	5.7	4.8	0.3	7.1	5
C36	2	13.4	0.9	6.7	3.0	0.2	6.8	4.0	0.6	15.3	5
C37	1	10.4	0.8	7.6	2.8	0.3	10.0	3.1	0.4	13.5	5
C38	1	15.3	1.8	11.6	4.1	0.6	13.7	5.3	0.2	4.3	7
C39	2	14.6	2.6	17.9	3.6	0.4	10.8	3.4	0.1	3.8	5
C40	2	10.8	0.5	4.5	2.8	0.5	16.6	2.8	0.3	9.8	5
C41	1	8.3	0.6	7.1	3.1	0.3	10.1	3.1	0.3	11.1	5
C42	2	11.3	1.2	11.1	3.2	0.4	11.7	5.7	0.7	11.8	5
C43	1	18.0	1.8	10.1	4.0	0.4	9.3	3.1	0.2	7.2	7
C44	0	10.5	0.5	4.9	2.0	0.2	11.9	4.9	0.2	4.6	5
C45	3	7.5	0.8	10.0	2.1	0.5	23.3	2.3	0.1	5.5	5
C46	2	11.3	2.4	21.5	3.2	0.4	14.1	3.3	0.2	6.9	7
C47	1	12.4	2.3	18.7	3.7	0.6	16.2	3.3	0.4	13.6	5
C48	0	7.9	1.5	19.5	1.7	0.4	23.1	3.0	0.7	23.6	7
C49	1	12.8	0.9	7.3	3.9	0.3	8.0	2.7	0.3	10.1	5
C50	2	10.2	1.2	11.3	2.0	0.4	22.1	2.3	0.4	19.4	7
C51	2	12.3	1.1	8.9	2.9	0.3	9.4	3.9	0.2	5.7	5
C52	2	12.9	1.9	14.8	2.6	0.7	25.4	3.3	0.3	8.3	5
C53	1	10.8	0.8	7.6	3.0	0.2	8.2	3.2	0.3	10.8	7
C54	2	14.6	1.0	7.2	3.9	0.4	10.0	4.5	0.4	7.9	5
C55	1	11.9	1.1	9.3	2.8	0.2	5.8	3.3	0.2	6.9	5
C56	1	11.7	1.5	12.7	3.8	0.5	12.9	4.1	0.5	13.4	5
C57	1	14.3	4.1	28.7	4.6	1.1	23.2	3.9	0.4	10.7	5
C58	1	11.9	0.9	7.9	3.8	0.3	8.6	4.0	0.0	0.0	5
C59	1	12.2	0.9	7.0	3.2	0.5	17.2	3.7	0.6	15.3	5
C60	1	11.2	0.4	3.2	3.0	0.4	12.4	2.4	0.1	5.3	5
总资源Sum		11.6	2.5	21.6	3.2	0.8	25.0	3.6	0.9	25.0
多样性H	1.02	3.73			2.98			3.15			0.62

Table 3

Table 4

Flower characteristics of rose cultivars"

品种编号 Code	P6花头数 Bud number	P7 花朵直径 Flower diameter			P8花瓣数 Petal number	P9花色 Color	P10花型 Shape	P11衰老方式 Senescence
品种编号 Code	P6花头数 Bud number	均值Mean (cm)	标准差SD	变异系数CV (%)	P8花瓣数 Petal number	P9花色 Color	P10花型 Shape	P11衰老方式 Senescence
C1	0	8.0	0.0	0.0	1	5	0	2
C2	1	9.1	0.3	2.7	2	11	2	2
C3	1	6.2	0.2	2.9	1	3	2	0
C4	0	9.0	2.1	22.9	2	8	1	0
C5	1	6.0	0.3	5.4	1	7	0	0
C6	1	9.8	0.2	2.0	2	6	0	0
C7	1	8.0	0.0	0.0	2	1	0	2
C8	0	8.6	0.6	7.4	2	4	1	1
C9	1	4.2	0.3	7.4	1	7	2	0
C10	1	6.6	0.6	8.6	1	7	0	2
C11	1	7.4	0.5	6.6	2	2	3	0
C12	0	9.0	0.5	6.0	1	11	1	1
C13	1	9.0	0.0	0.0	1	6	2	2
C14	0	8.5	0.0	0.0	1	10	1	0
C15	0	9.0	0.0	0.0	1	4	0	2
C16	1	8.0	0.4	5.2	1	6	3	0
C17	1	10.0	0.0	0.0	2	6	0	2
C18	0	10.3	0.6	6.3	2	0	0	0
C19	0	7.6	0.4	4.6	1	9	1	1
C20	1	5.8	0.2	2.6	1	6	0	0
C21	1	6.5	0.2	2.6	1	1	0	0
C22	0	10.5	0.3	2.7	2	7	1	0
C23	1	7.5	0.7	9.7	0	1	0	2
C24	1	9.6	0.1	1.5	1	1	0	0
C25	2	6.0	0.3	5.4	2	4	3	2
C26	1	6.6	0.3	3.8	1	4	2	2
C27	1	6.0	0.7	11.8	0	6	0	0
C28	1	6.2	0.9	13.8	2	5	0	0
C29	2	4.5	0.7	15.7	2	3	1	0
C30	1	9.2	0.2	2.3	0	2	2	2
C31	2	4.0	0.1	3.5	1	4	3	2
C32	0	8.0	0.0	0.0	1	9	2	2
C33	1	4.8	0.3	6.1	1	7	0	0
C34	2	6.0	0.6	9.8	2	4	0	0
C35	1	8.5	1.5	17.3	1	5	1	0
C36	1	5.0	1.4	28.3	0	1	0	0
C37	1	9.3	0.3	3.5	2	11	1	2
C38	1	8.5	0.3	3.5	2	6	3	0
C39	1	10.2	0.6	6.3	2	5	2	2
C40	1	5.4	0.5	9.3	1	11	2	1
C41	1	7.5	0.5	6.6	1	4	2	0
C42	0	9.8	0.2	1.8	0	3	0	2
C43	1	8.4	0.3	3.7	1	4	2	2
C44	0	7.5	0.0	0.0	0	1	0	0
C45	1	5.5	0.5	9.4	2	6	1	2
C46	1	9.1	0.4	4.2	0	2	2	2
C47	0	8.0	0.0	0.0	0	9	1	2
C48	2	3.2	0.2	6.2	0	4	2	2
C49	1	8.0	0.0	0.0	2	9	1	0
C50	1	4.6	0.1	1.9	1	2	1	2
C51	1	8.2	0.2	2.6	1	1	3	1
C52	1	6.7	0.7	9.8	2	9	2	2
C53	2	4.9	0.5	9.6	0	1	2	1
C54	0	9.4	0.5	5.3	0	4	1	2
C55	1	7.8	0.5	6.6	1	1	1	0
C56	1	8.9	0.9	10.0	0	6	1	0
C57	1	10.5	0.7	6.7	2	7	1	2
C58	1	8.7	0.4	4.1	1	6	1	0
C59	0	9.8	0.4	3.7	0	0	1	2
C60	1	5.5	0.5	9.1	1	10	0	0
总资源 Sum		7.6	1.9	25.0
多样性H	0.86	3.46			1.06	2.31	1.31	0.95

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Fig. 2

Table 7

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编号 Code	性状 Character	分类细节 Classification detail
P1	株形Habit	0：微型;1：直立型;2：扩张型;3：藤蔓型 0: Mini; 1: Erect; 2: Expanding; 3: Vine
P2	全叶长Leaf length (cm)	取测量平均值Using the mean value
P3	顶小叶宽Top leaflet width (cm)	取测量平均值Using the mean value
P4	节间距Distance between leaves (cm)	取测量平均值Using the mean value
P5	小叶数Leaflet number	取测量平均值Using the mean value
P6	花头数Flower number	0：单头;1：多头;2：丰花 0: Single flower; 1: Successive flower; 2: Multi-flower
P7	花朵直径Flower diameter (cm)	取测量平均值Using the mean value
P8	花瓣数Petal number	0：＜等于40;1：＞40,＜等于90;2：＞90
P9	花色 Flower color	0：白色;1：粉色;2：红色;3：紫红色;4：紫色;5：杏色;6：黄色;7：橙色;8：绿色; 9：复色;10：混色;11：条纹 0: White; 1: Pink; 2: Red; 3: Red-purple; 4: Purple; 5: Apricot; 6: Yellow; 7: Orange; 8: Green; 9: Multi-color; 10: Mix-color; 11: Stripe
P10	花型Flower shape	0：包子型;1：杯型;2：牡丹型;3：碗型 0: Ball; 1: Cup; 2: Peony; 3: Bowl
P11	花朵衰老方式 Flower senescence	0：枯萎为主;1：枯萎和落瓣均有;2：落瓣为主 0: Petal abscission; 1: Abscission and withering; 2: Withering

性状编号 Index	P1	P2	P3	P4	P5	P6	P7	P8	P9	P10
P2	0.083
P3	-0.068	0.631**
P4	-0.069	0.459**	0.392**
P5	-0.05	0.141	0.139	0.028
P6	-0.119	-0.199	-0.225	-0.329**	0.287*
P7	0.027	0.157	0.101	0.17	-0.04	-0.255 *
P8	0.22	0.05	-0.001	-0.105	-0.012	0.119	-0.119
P9	0.054	0.009	0.094	-0.153	-0.047	-0.138	0.032	0.281*
P10	0.118	0.108	0.037	-0.163	0.21	0.267*	0.054	0.048	0.056
P11	0.339**	-0.084	-0.168	-0.24	0.101	-0.05	0.243	-0.106	-0.012	0.224

性状编号 Index	第一主成分 First component	第二主成分 Second component	第三主成分 Third component	第四主成分 Fourth component
P1	0.007	0.416	-0.393	0.018
P2	0.489	0.307	0.192	-0.099
P3	0.475	0.201	0.168	-0.195
P4	0.510	-0.140	0.154	0.036
P5	-0.015	0.327	0.497	0.137
P6	-0.406	0.134	0.456	-0.002
P7	0.257	0.079	-0.266	0.402
P8	-0.143	0.303	-0.130	-0.550
P9	-0.009	0.279	-0.302	-0.410
P10	-0.134	0.489	0.227	0.168
P11	-0.074	0.364	-0.270	0.521
特征值Eigenvalue	2.321	1.663	1.57	1.417
贡献率Percentage (%)	21.10	15.12	14.28	12.88
累计贡献率Cumulative percentage (%)	21.10	36.22	50.49	63.38

分组 Clusters	品种数 Amount	主成分综合得分均值 Average score of principal component	品种代号 Code of cultivar
群组1 Cluster 1	8	1.186	C54, C11, C30, C13, C23, C16, C38, C43
群组2 Cluster 2	36	0.121	C40, C17, C32, C21, C55, C44, C18, C24, C52, C50, C31, C35, C48, C34, C58, C28, C12, C26, C15, C36, C51, C22, C56, C47, C2, C14, C53, C1, C39, C59, C42, C19, C3, C46, C57, C5
群组3 Cluster 3	15	-0.798	C45, C7, C20, C33, C10, C37, C29, C60, C49, C25, C41, C27, C6, C8, C4
群组4 Cluster 4	1	-1.878	C9

Phenotype Character Analysis and Evaluation of Modern Rose Cultivars

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