Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (24): 4632-4646.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.24.017

• RESEARCH NOTES • Previous Articles    

Phenotype Character Analysis and Evaluation of Modern Rose Cultivars

Cong GUO1,Wei GUAN1,XiangGuo ZENG1,QingHua ZHANG1,FaYun XIANG1,YueJun SONG2,YongChao HAN1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Industrial Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan 430064
    2 Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432100, Hubei
  • Received:2019-05-20 Accepted:2019-07-25 Online:2019-12-16 Published:2020-01-15
  • Contact: YongChao HAN E-mail:hyc660@126.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study was to analyze 11 phenotype indexes of 60 rose cultivars and to illustrate the variation rules and the genetic diversity coefficient of each index and the correlation between them. The principal component analysis was used to select an optimal evaluation and calculation method to provide reference for rational clustering of rose cultivars. 【Method】Taking 11 statistical characters of 60 modern rose cultivars in field as the research object, the variation index and Shannon-wiener genetic diversity index of each character data in rose cultivars were analyzed with SPSS19.0 and Microsoft Excel 2007, and the correlation analysis and principal component analysis of each character were carried out. Based on the composite score of principal components and each principal component score, the clustering of the rose cultivars were done.【Result】The statistical results of phenotypic traits showed that, the majority of the tested roses were erect and expanded shrubs, which accounted for 53% and 35% of the total cultivars respectively. The number of leaflets of mature leaves was 5, accounting for 68% of total cultivars. The average whole leaf length, top leaflet width, internode length and average flower diameter of 60 rose cultivars were 11.6, 3.2, 3.6 and 7.6 cm, respectively. The variation coefficient of each quantitative index ranged from 21% to 25%, which was not large. The main color of rose was pure color, accounting for 82% of the total. Among them, purple and yellow flowers were the most. The cultivars with successive flower heads accounted for 65% of the total number, and the flower shapes were mainly ball-shaped and cup-shaped, accounting for 33% and 32% of the total cultivars, respectively. The main senescence modes of rose flowers were petal abscission and flower withering, accounting for 47% and 43% of the total cultivars, respectively. The variation range of the genetic diversity coefficient of each index was between 0.62 and 3.73, among which the diversity index of 8 traits was above 1, the highest was the whole leaf length, and the lowest was the leaflet number. The genetic diversity coefficient of flower color among qualitative traits was the highest. There was an extremely significant positive correlation between whole leaf length and the top leaflet width, the internode length and the whole leaf length, the internode length and the top leaflet width. The flower head number was very significantly negatively correlated with the internode length. There was a significantly positive correlation between the senescence type and the growth habit, the number of flower heads was significantly positive correlated with the number of leaflets and the flower type, but significantly negative correlated with the flower diameter. The results of principal component analysis showed that the 11 phenotype indexes could be simplified into 4 principal component factors, and the variance contribution rate of the 4 principal components was up to 63.28%, among which the variance contribution rate of the first principal component was up to 21.1%. Each principal component factor mainly represented the index variables, such as leaf shape, flower shape, number of flower heads, number of petals and flower aging mode. Based on the composite score of principal components and each principal component score, the 60 cultivars of roses were clustered, and the distribution range of the composite score of principal components of each cultivar was from -1.878 to 1.522. The rose cultivars could be divided into 4 clusters according to the scores, and each cluster was represented by 8, 36, 15 and 1 cultivars, respectively. The classification of each cluster reflected the comprehensive performance of roses in the field. 【Conclusion】Modern rose had a rich diversity of flower color and leaf shape indexes, and some flower shape indexes were significantly related to leaf shape or growth habit. The conclusions would contribute to rose breeding and selecting. The four principal component indexes and the clustering of cultivars selected in the study provided theoretical basis for the preservation and application of the existing rose cultivars.

Key words: rose, variation coefficient, phenotype diversity, correlation, composite score of principal components

Table 1

Cultivar name and breeding area of rose cultivars"

品种编码
Code		 品种名
Cultivar name		 培育地
Breeding area		 品种编码
Code		 品种名
Cultivar name		 培育地
Breeding area
C1 安布里奇Ambridge Rose 英国Britain C31 玛姬婶婶Aunt Margys 意大利Italy
C2 彩蝶Cai Die 中国China C32 玛丽玫瑰マリーローズ 日本Japan
C3 草药ラムカン 日本Japan C33 芒果浪漫Mango Romantica 法国France
C4 超级绿色スーパーグリーン 日本Japan C34 朦胧泡泡Misty Bubbles 荷兰Netherlands
C5 橙色浪漫オレンジロマンティカ 日本Japan C35 蜜桃雪山Peach Avalanche+ 荷兰Netherlands
C6 雏鸡ひよこ 日本Japan C36 魔果モコモコ 日本Japan
C7 蝶之舞セシル ドゥ ヴォーランジェ 日本Japan C37 莫奈Claude Monet 法国France
C8 丁香经典ライラッククラシック 日本Japan C38 耐心Patience 英国Britain
C9 躲躲藏藏カシュ・カシュ 日本Japan C39 纽带Kizuna 法国France
C10 蜂蜜焦糖Honey Caramel 法国France C40 苹果挞タルト・ポム 日本Japan
C11 红苹果レッド アップル ローズ 日本Japan C41 蜻蜓リベルラ 日本Japan
C12 胡里奥Julio Iglesias 法国France C42 秋日胭脂オータムルージュ 日本Japan
C13 欢笑格鲁吉亚Teasing Georgia 英国Britain C43 神秘Mysterieuse 法国France
C14 幻彩アルヌワブラン 日本Japan C44 桃香ももか 日本Japan
C15 皇家ロワイヤル 日本Japan C45 藤本彩虹仙境Rainbows End 美国America
C16 黄金呼呼塞拉Golden Vuvuzela 荷兰the Netherlands C46 天方夜谭シェエラザード 日本Japan
C17 黄金庆典Golden Celebration 英国Britain C47 甜蜜果酱Honey Jam 日本Japan
C18 婚礼钟声クロッシュドマリアージュ 日本Japan C48 甜蜜马车Sweet Chariot 美国America
C19 加百列大天使ガブリエル 日本Japan C49 我爱你ティアモ 日本Japan
C20 金丝雀カナリアリッチ 日本Japan C50 无条件的爱Unconditional love 美国America
C21 京みやこ 日本Japan C51 夏日花火Xiari Huahuo 中国China
C22 卡哈拉Kahala 美国America C52 香织装饰かおりかざり 日本Japan
C23 凯丽Carey 英国Britain C53 小魔女甜心Péché Mignon 法国France
C24 狂欢派对パーティーラナンキュラ 日本Japan C54 新浪潮ニューウェーブ,フォルム 日本Japan
C25 拉米炫耀Lamy Parade 丹麦Denmark C55 新星2009Nova 2009 Hit 丹麦Denmark
C26 蓝色阴雨レイニー ブルー 日本Japan C56 阳光海滩サニービーチ 日本Japan
C27 浪漫宝贝Baby Romantica 法国France C57 樱桃白兰地Cherry Brandy 德国Germany
C28 浪漫珊瑚心Romantica Vuvuzela 荷兰the Netherlands C58 永远的艾帕索El Paso Forever 丹麦Denmark
C29 榴花秋舞Liuhua Qiuwu 中国China C59 珍妮莫罗Jeanne Moreau 法国France
C30 马萨德医生Docteurs Massad 法国France C60 智慧女神M-ミネルヴァ 日本Japan

Fig. 1

Examples in classification of flower number and flower shape a: Single flower (Rosa ‘スーパーグリーン’); b: Successive flower (Rosa ‘Golden Vuvuzela’); c: Multi-flower (Rosa ‘Sweet Chariot’); d: Ball (Rosa ‘アルヌワブラン’); e: Cup (Rosa ‘Nova 2009 Hit’); f: Peony (Rosa ‘シェエラザード’); g: Bowl (Rosa ‘Golden Vuvuzela’)"

Table 2

Classification and rank of important traits"

编号
Code		 性状
Character		 分类细节
Classification detail
P1 株形Habit 0：微型;1：直立型;2：扩张型;3：藤蔓型 0: Mini; 1: Erect; 2: Expanding; 3: Vine
P2 全叶长Leaf length (cm) 取测量平均值Using the mean value
P3 顶小叶宽Top leaflet width (cm) 取测量平均值Using the mean value
P4 节间距Distance between leaves (cm) 取测量平均值Using the mean value
P5 小叶数Leaflet number 取测量平均值Using the mean value
P6 花头数Flower number 0：单头;1：多头;2：丰花 0: Single flower; 1: Successive flower; 2: Multi-flower
P7 花朵直径Flower diameter (cm) 取测量平均值Using the mean value
P8 花瓣数Petal number 0：＜等于40;1：＞40,＜等于90;2：＞90
P9 花色
Flower color		 0：白色;1：粉色;2：红色;3：紫红色;4：紫色;5：杏色;6：黄色;7：橙色;8：绿色;
9：复色;10：混色;11：条纹
0: White; 1: Pink; 2: Red; 3: Red-purple; 4: Purple; 5: Apricot; 6: Yellow; 7: Orange; 8: Green; 9: Multi-color; 10: Mix-color; 11: Stripe
P10 花型Flower shape 0：包子型;1：杯型;2：牡丹型;3：碗型 0: Ball; 1: Cup; 2: Peony; 3: Bowl
P11 花朵衰老方式
Flower senescence		 0：枯萎为主;1：枯萎和落瓣均有;2：落瓣为主
0: Petal abscission; 1: Abscission and withering; 2: Withering

Table 3

Habit and leaf diversity analysis of rose cultivars"

品种编号
Code		 P1株形
Habit		 P2全叶长Leaf length P3顶小叶宽Top leaflet width P4节间距Distance between leafs P5小叶数
Leaflet number
均值
Mean (cm)		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 均值
Mean (cm)		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 均值
Mean (cm)		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)
C1 1 11.2 0.2 1.9 2.9 0.2 7.7 4.3 0.5 11.9 7
C2 2 13.2 1.1 8.6 3.1 0.3 9.0 3.4 0.6 18.9 7
C3 1 12.5 1.6 13.0 3.8 0.5 12.3 4.7 0.7 14.3 5
C4 2 10.6 2.1 19.5 3.2 0.3 8.4 4.3 0.4 10.4 5
C5 1 15.0 2.0 13.1 4.8 0.5 9.6 4.3 0.7 15.6 7
C6 1 13.1 2.9 22.4 2.9 0.4 12.7 3.3 0.9 27.5 5
C7 2 5.3 0.7 13.4 2.0 0.2 12.6 3.2 0.3 8.6 5
C8 1 8.0 0.6 7.2 3.5 0.4 10.9 3.6 0.3 9.5 5
C9 0 3.8 0.3 7.0 0.9 0.2 17.9 1.7 0.3 16.1 5
C10 1 10.1 0.8 8.2 2.7 0.2 7.1 3.0 0.4 14.9 5
C11 1 14.0 2.2 15.7 3.9 0.5 13.7 4.5 0.4 9.9 7
C12 2 11.4 1.9 16.4 3.4 0.3 9.4 3.2 0.3 8.6 7
C13 2 13.6 1.1 8.2 3.6 0.4 10.1 4.3 0.3 7.9 7
C14 1 15.1 0.8 5.1 3.6 0.8 22.0 4.3 0.8 19.5 5
C15 1 11.8 2.6 22.0 3.7 1.3 35.0 3.9 0.7 18.4 5
C16 1 14.5 2.2 15.3 3.7 0.6 15.4 4.2 0.6 13.6 7
C17 2 11.1 0.9 8.4 2.9 0.3 10.8 4.0 0.6 14.8 5
C18 1 14.5 1.1 7.7 2.0 0.2 7.8 4.3 0.4 9.1 5
C19 2 11.9 1.8 15.1 3.3 1.2 35.8 3.8 0.6 15.0 7
C20 1 10.8 2.2 20.0 2.8 0.6 22.9 1.7 0.3 16.1 5
C21 1 11.1 0.8 7.0 3.2 0.6 17.7 4.6 0.4 9.1 5
C22 2 14.8 1.2 8.2 4.0 0.3 6.6 4.5 0.4 9.9 5
C23 1 12.8 0.7 5.1 3.2 0.3 10.1 5.0 0.6 12.2 7
C24 2 12.6 1.2 9.3 3.2 0.3 10.3 3.4 0.6 17.1 5
C25 2 7.7 0.7 9.5 1.9 0.2 12.9 2.2 0.2 9.5 5
C26 3 14.0 1.5 10.6 2.9 0.3 11.7 2.8 0.2 8.1 5
C27 0 9.0 0.8 8.5 2.6 0.3 12.8 4.2 0.6 13.6 5
C28 1 11.6 0.8 6.8 4.6 0.6 12.5 3.2 0.3 8.6 7
C29 2 9.1 1.7 19.1 1.8 0.2 9.8 3.0 0.0 0.0 7
C30 1 12.2 1.3 11.0 5.7 0.5 9.2 3.2 1.0 32.4 5
C31 0 10.7 1.0 9.4 2.0 0.2 9.9 2.5 0.4 14.1 7
C32 2 10.6 0.7 6.2 2.9 0.3 9.9 2.8 0.2 6.2 5
C33 1 8.9 1.3 14.7 3.5 0.4 12.7 3.2 0.8 23.7 5
C34 1 11.8 1.4 11.9 3.8 0.3 9.0 3.5 0.5 14.3 7
C35 1 11.6 1.4 11.9 3.2 0.2 5.7 4.8 0.3 7.1 5
C36 2 13.4 0.9 6.7 3.0 0.2 6.8 4.0 0.6 15.3 5
C37 1 10.4 0.8 7.6 2.8 0.3 10.0 3.1 0.4 13.5 5
C38 1 15.3 1.8 11.6 4.1 0.6 13.7 5.3 0.2 4.3 7
C39 2 14.6 2.6 17.9 3.6 0.4 10.8 3.4 0.1 3.8 5
C40 2 10.8 0.5 4.5 2.8 0.5 16.6 2.8 0.3 9.8 5
C41 1 8.3 0.6 7.1 3.1 0.3 10.1 3.1 0.3 11.1 5
C42 2 11.3 1.2 11.1 3.2 0.4 11.7 5.7 0.7 11.8 5
C43 1 18.0 1.8 10.1 4.0 0.4 9.3 3.1 0.2 7.2 7
C44 0 10.5 0.5 4.9 2.0 0.2 11.9 4.9 0.2 4.6 5
C45 3 7.5 0.8 10.0 2.1 0.5 23.3 2.3 0.1 5.5 5
C46 2 11.3 2.4 21.5 3.2 0.4 14.1 3.3 0.2 6.9 7
C47 1 12.4 2.3 18.7 3.7 0.6 16.2 3.3 0.4 13.6 5
C48 0 7.9 1.5 19.5 1.7 0.4 23.1 3.0 0.7 23.6 7
C49 1 12.8 0.9 7.3 3.9 0.3 8.0 2.7 0.3 10.1 5
C50 2 10.2 1.2 11.3 2.0 0.4 22.1 2.3 0.4 19.4 7
C51 2 12.3 1.1 8.9 2.9 0.3 9.4 3.9 0.2 5.7 5
C52 2 12.9 1.9 14.8 2.6 0.7 25.4 3.3 0.3 8.3 5
C53 1 10.8 0.8 7.6 3.0 0.2 8.2 3.2 0.3 10.8 7
C54 2 14.6 1.0 7.2 3.9 0.4 10.0 4.5 0.4 7.9 5
C55 1 11.9 1.1 9.3 2.8 0.2 5.8 3.3 0.2 6.9 5
C56 1 11.7 1.5 12.7 3.8 0.5 12.9 4.1 0.5 13.4 5
C57 1 14.3 4.1 28.7 4.6 1.1 23.2 3.9 0.4 10.7 5
C58 1 11.9 0.9 7.9 3.8 0.3 8.6 4.0 0.0 0.0 5
C59 1 12.2 0.9 7.0 3.2 0.5 17.2 3.7 0.6 15.3 5
C60 1 11.2 0.4 3.2 3.0 0.4 12.4 2.4 0.1 5.3 5
总资源Sum 11.6 2.5 21.6 3.2 0.8 25.0 3.6 0.9 25.0
多样性H 1.02 3.73 2.98 3.15 0.62

Table 4

Flower characteristics of rose cultivars"

品种编号
Code		 P6花头数
Bud number		 P7 花朵直径 Flower diameter P8花瓣数
Petal number		 P9花色
Color		 P10花型
Shape		 P11衰老方式
Senescence
均值Mean (cm) 标准差SD 变异系数CV (%)
C1 0 8.0 0.0 0.0 1 5 0 2
C2 1 9.1 0.3 2.7 2 11 2 2
C3 1 6.2 0.2 2.9 1 3 2 0
C4 0 9.0 2.1 22.9 2 8 1 0
C5 1 6.0 0.3 5.4 1 7 0 0
C6 1 9.8 0.2 2.0 2 6 0 0
C7 1 8.0 0.0 0.0 2 1 0 2
C8 0 8.6 0.6 7.4 2 4 1 1
C9 1 4.2 0.3 7.4 1 7 2 0
C10 1 6.6 0.6 8.6 1 7 0 2
C11 1 7.4 0.5 6.6 2 2 3 0
C12 0 9.0 0.5 6.0 1 11 1 1
C13 1 9.0 0.0 0.0 1 6 2 2
C14 0 8.5 0.0 0.0 1 10 1 0
C15 0 9.0 0.0 0.0 1 4 0 2
C16 1 8.0 0.4 5.2 1 6 3 0
C17 1 10.0 0.0 0.0 2 6 0 2
C18 0 10.3 0.6 6.3 2 0 0 0
C19 0 7.6 0.4 4.6 1 9 1 1
C20 1 5.8 0.2 2.6 1 6 0 0
C21 1 6.5 0.2 2.6 1 1 0 0
C22 0 10.5 0.3 2.7 2 7 1 0
C23 1 7.5 0.7 9.7 0 1 0 2
C24 1 9.6 0.1 1.5 1 1 0 0
C25 2 6.0 0.3 5.4 2 4 3 2
C26 1 6.6 0.3 3.8 1 4 2 2
C27 1 6.0 0.7 11.8 0 6 0 0
C28 1 6.2 0.9 13.8 2 5 0 0
C29 2 4.5 0.7 15.7 2 3 1 0
C30 1 9.2 0.2 2.3 0 2 2 2
C31 2 4.0 0.1 3.5 1 4 3 2
C32 0 8.0 0.0 0.0 1 9 2 2
C33 1 4.8 0.3 6.1 1 7 0 0
C34 2 6.0 0.6 9.8 2 4 0 0
C35 1 8.5 1.5 17.3 1 5 1 0
C36 1 5.0 1.4 28.3 0 1 0 0
C37 1 9.3 0.3 3.5 2 11 1 2
C38 1 8.5 0.3 3.5 2 6 3 0
C39 1 10.2 0.6 6.3 2 5 2 2
C40 1 5.4 0.5 9.3 1 11 2 1
C41 1 7.5 0.5 6.6 1 4 2 0
C42 0 9.8 0.2 1.8 0 3 0 2
C43 1 8.4 0.3 3.7 1 4 2 2
C44 0 7.5 0.0 0.0 0 1 0 0
C45 1 5.5 0.5 9.4 2 6 1 2
C46 1 9.1 0.4 4.2 0 2 2 2
C47 0 8.0 0.0 0.0 0 9 1 2
C48 2 3.2 0.2 6.2 0 4 2 2
C49 1 8.0 0.0 0.0 2 9 1 0
C50 1 4.6 0.1 1.9 1 2 1 2
C51 1 8.2 0.2 2.6 1 1 3 1
C52 1 6.7 0.7 9.8 2 9 2 2
C53 2 4.9 0.5 9.6 0 1 2 1
C54 0 9.4 0.5 5.3 0 4 1 2
C55 1 7.8 0.5 6.6 1 1 1 0
C56 1 8.9 0.9 10.0 0 6 1 0
C57 1 10.5 0.7 6.7 2 7 1 2
C58 1 8.7 0.4 4.1 1 6 1 0
C59 0 9.8 0.4 3.7 0 0 1 2
C60 1 5.5 0.5 9.1 1 10 0 0
总资源 Sum 7.6 1.9 25.0
多样性H 0.86 3.46 1.06 2.31 1.31 0.95

Table 5

Correlation analysis of characters"

性状编号 Index P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10
P2 0.083
P3 -0.068 0.631**
P4 -0.069 0.459** 0.392**
P5 -0.05 0.141 0.139 0.028
P6 -0.119 -0.199 -0.225 -0.329** 0.287*
P7 0.027 0.157 0.101 0.17 -0.04 -0.255 *
P8 0.22 0.05 -0.001 -0.105 -0.012 0.119 -0.119
P9 0.054 0.009 0.094 -0.153 -0.047 -0.138 0.032 0.281*
P10 0.118 0.108 0.037 -0.163 0.21 0.267* 0.054 0.048 0.056
P11 0.339** -0.084 -0.168 -0.24 0.101 -0.05 0.243 -0.106 -0.012 0.224

Table 6

Eigenvectors and percentages of 11 traits in the principal component analysis"

性状编号
Index		 第一主成分
First component		 第二主成分
Second component		 第三主成分
Third component		 第四主成分
Fourth component
P1 0.007 0.416 -0.393 0.018
P2 0.489 0.307 0.192 -0.099
P3 0.475 0.201 0.168 -0.195
P4 0.510 -0.140 0.154 0.036
P5 -0.015 0.327 0.497 0.137
P6 -0.406 0.134 0.456 -0.002
P7 0.257 0.079 -0.266 0.402
P8 -0.143 0.303 -0.130 -0.550
P9 -0.009 0.279 -0.302 -0.410
P10 -0.134 0.489 0.227 0.168
P11 -0.074 0.364 -0.270 0.521
特征值Eigenvalue 2.321 1.663 1.57 1.417
贡献率Percentage (%) 21.10 15.12 14.28 12.88
累计贡献率Cumulative percentage (%) 21.10 36.22 50.49 63.38

Fig. 2

Comprehensive scores of 60 rose cultivars based on the principal component analysis"

Table 7

Rose cultivars clustering of principal component comprehensive scores"

分组
Clusters		 品种数
Amount		 主成分综合得分均值
Average score of principal component		 品种代号
Code of cultivar
群组1 Cluster 1 8 1.186 C54, C11, C30, C13, C23, C16, C38, C43
群组2 Cluster 2 36 0.121 C40, C17, C32, C21, C55, C44, C18, C24, C52, C50, C31, C35, C48, C34, C58, C28, C12, C26, C15, C36, C51, C22, C56, C47, C2, C14, C53, C1, C39, C59, C42, C19, C3, C46, C57, C5
群组3 Cluster 3 15 -0.798 C45, C7, C20, C33, C10, C37, C29, C60, C49, C25, C41, C27, C6, C8, C4
群组4 Cluster 4 1 -1.878 C9
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