新疆地区荷斯坦牛长寿性与产奶量的遗传力估计及相关性分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.21.015

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Milk production and longevity are important traits in dairy cattle breeding. In recent years, the high milk yield has been pursued in dairy cattle breeding, while longevity has been declining. With the development of balanced breeding, the longevity traits were gradually included into the comprehensive selection index of dairy cows in developed countries. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between milk yield and longevity of dairy cows, and to provide the reference for Xinjiang region to develop the comprehensive selection index of Holstein dairy cows in China, so as to achieve balanced breeding and high-quality healthy development of dairy industry. 【Method】 The production records of three large-scale dairy farms in Xinjiang from 1997 to 2020 were collected, and the herd life and production life were calculated. The longevity records of 7 206 dairy cows and first parity 305 d milk yield of 15 218 first fetuses were obtained. A total of 18 183 pieces of pedigree information from three generations of individuals were collected, including 903 bulls and 20 883 cows. Firstly, the GLM process of SAS 9.2 software was used to analyze the effects of field, birth year, birth season and age at first calving on the herd days, productive life and first parity 305 d milk yield of Chinese Holstein cattle in Xinjiang region, and the least square mean values of the herd days, productive life and the first parity 305 d milk were calculated. SPSS 19.0 software was used to calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient between the number of herd days, production life and first parity 305 d milk yield of Chinese Holstein cattle in Xinjiang. Secondly, the genetic variance and covariance of herd days, productive life and first parity 305 d milk yield of Holstein dairy cows in Xinjiang were estimated by using AI-REML in DMU software combined with EM algorithm and multi-trait animal model, and the genetic correlation between herd days, productive life and first parity 305 d milk yield was calculated. Finally, the breeding values of the herd days, productive life and first parity 305 d milk yield of Chinese Holstein cattle in Xinjiang region were estimated by animal model BLUP method, and the genetic trend chart was drawn. 【Result】 The results of basic statistical analysis on the days in the herd days, productive life and first parity 305 d milk yield of Chinese Holstein cows in Xinjiang showed that the average herd days of Chinese Holstein cows in Xinjiang was 1 754.7 days, the average production life was 937.33 days, and the average first parity 305 d milk yield was 9 362.94 kg. GLM program analysis showed that the effects of different fields, birth year, birth season and age at first calving had significant effects on herd days, productive life and first parity 305 d milk yield (P<0.01). The heritability of herd days, productive life and first parity 305 d milk yield of Chinese Holstein cattle in Xinjiang was 0.11 (0.03), 0.11 (0.03) and 0.33 (0.03), respectively. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between herd days span and productive life span were 0.99 and 0.98, respectively. There was a positive correlation between first parity 305 d milk yield and the phenotypes of herd days and production life, with correlation coefficients of 0.079 and 0.077, respectively, while genetic correlation was negative, with correlation coefficients of -0.18 and -0.20, respectively. The genetic trend chart of the herd days, the productive life and the first parity 305 d milk yield of Holstein in Xinjiang showed that the breeding values of the herd days and the productive life changed greatly with the increase of the number of cattle tested, and the overall trend decreased. The first parity 305 d milk yield of Holstein cattle in the first foetus also changed greatly with the increase of the number of cattle tested, but showed an overall upward trend.【Conclusion】 Therefore, the longevity of dairy cows should be considered while improving milk yield, so as to avoid the decline of longevity of dairy cows with the increase of milk yield.

Key words: first parity 305 d milk yield, herd days, production life, heritability, genetic correlation

DONG MingMing,ZHAO FanFan,GE JianJun,ZHAO JunLiang,WANG Dan,XU Lei,ZHANG MengHua,ZHONG LiWei,HUANG XiXia,WANG YaChun. Heritability Estimation and Correlation Analysis of Longevity and Milk Yield of Holstein Cattle in Xinjiang Region[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(21): 4294-4303.

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References 32

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编号 Number	质控项目 Program quality control	保留标准 Retention standard
1	头胎产犊日龄 Day of first calving	>600天 >600 days
2	牧场筛选 Farm screening	记录数>100;记录年份>3年 Record count > 100; record year > 3 years
3	在群天数 Herd days	≥20月龄 ≥ 20 age of the month
4	生产寿命 Production life	≥1天 ≥ 1day
5	头胎305 d产奶量 First parity 305 d milk yield	3428.11 kg—15169.51 kg

水平 Level	中国荷斯坦牛 Chinese Holstein
场 Farm	1、2、3
出生年 Birth year	1、2、3、4、5、6
出生季 Birth season	1、2、3、4
初产月龄 Age at first calving	1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10

项目 Item	均值 Mean	极大值 Maximum	极小值 Minimum	标准差 SD
在群天数Herd days (d)	1745.70	6734	702	618.72
生产寿命Production life (d)	937.33	5879	7	599.62
305 d产奶量 305 d milk yield (kg)	9362.94	14789	3400.87	1837.53

项目 Item	场 Farm	出生年份 Birth year	出生季节 Birth season	初产月龄 AFC (Age at first calving)
在群天数Herd days (d)	58.79**	227.16**	15.82**	28.53**
生产寿命Production life (d)	58.89**	224.26**	15.06**	4.7**
305 d产奶量 305 d milk yield (kg)	202.38**	117.05**	5.71**	4.9**

因素 Factor		在群天数Herd days (d)	生产寿命Production life (d)	305天产奶量 305 d milk yield (kg)
因素 Factor		LSM±SE	LSM±SE	LSM±SE
场 Farm	1	1943.25±15.63Cc	1103.32±15.61Cc	9239.30±400.04Aa
	2	2267.90±28.88Aa	1428.43±28.86Aa	8199.85±400.23Bb
	3	2101.56±19.78Bb	1261.01±19.76Bb	8048.43±399.85Cc
出生年份 Birth year	1982-1993	2221.19±68.19Bb	1383.49±68.11Bb	-
	1994-1998	2345.29±31.44Bb	1504.25±31.41Bb	-
	1999-2003	2478.05±30.14Aa	1633.09±30.11Aa	-
	2004-2008	2348.39±25.52Bb	1506.38±25.50Bb	-
	2009-2013	1819.74±13.23Cc	980.60±13.22Cc	8514.73±66.52Bb
	2014-2019	1412.80±15.48Dd	577.73±15.46Dd	9663.14±35.78Aa
出生季节 Birth season	春 Spring	2156.54±20.37Aa	1315.53±20.35Aa	8555.46±400.72ABa
	夏 Summer	2104.58±19.37Ab	1265.22±19.35Ab	8558.61±400.45Aa
	秋 Autumn	2037.65±19.4Bc	1199.42±19.38Bc	8344.47±400.62Cb
	冬 Winter	2118.20±22.1Aab	1276.84±22.09Aab	8524.91±399.67Ba
初产月龄 Age at first calving (month)	20-22	1904.26±32.53Gf	1242.01±32.53Gce	8011.73±404.27Aa
	23	2018.39±26.32Fd	1321.70±26.33FGab	8484.49±401.65Bb
	24	1971.44±27.64FGef	1248.16±27.61Gcde	8481.70±402.04Bb
	25	1983.78±25.55Ee	1234.23±25.54EFde	8532.83±401.28Bb
	26	2000.38±23.76De	1219.93±23.74CDde	8595.09±402.68Bb
	27	2061.12±22.87Cd	1254.54±22.86ABcde	8544.20±406.71Bb
	28	2196.07±25.16Bc	1357.91±25.17Aa	8611.76±408.23Bb
	29	2172.60±25.6BCc	1299.02±25.57BCabc	8527.14±408.69Bb
	30-31	2219.00±23.78BCbc	1303.83±23.77CDabc	8450.65±404.64Bb
	32-37	2266.31±26.26Bab	1276.39±26.23CDbcd	8487.41±407.58Bb
	>37	2353.30±54.26Aa	1149.06±54.20DEe	8727.46±458.03Bb

Heritability Estimation and Correlation Analysis of Longevity and Milk Yield of Holstein Cattle in Xinjiang Region

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项目 Item	在群天数 Herd day (d)	生产寿命 Production life (d)	305 d产奶量 305 d milk yield (kg)
在群天数Herd day (d)	0.11（0.03）	0.98**	0.079**
生产寿命Production life (d)	0.99	0.11（0.03）	0.077**
305 d产奶量 305 d milk yield (kg)	-0.18	-0.20	0.33（0.03）

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