不同覆盖方式对旱作马铃薯生长及土壤水热特征的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.04.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The effects of different mulching methods on soil water, temperature and potato growth in dry farmland of northwest China were studied. 【Method】 A field experiment was conducted in 2015 and 2016 for two consecutive years, and three mulching patterns were set up: full mulching of furrows and ridges with plastic film (DD), half film mulching of ridge and furrow (DB) and dual-mulching of ridge and furrow (DJ), the conventional flat field without mulching was used as the control check (CK). 【Result】 The soil water content with mulching treatments at the 0-200 cm soil layer during the whole growth period was higher than that under CK, especially the soil water retention effect under DJ treatment after 70-90 d sowing was the best. Different mulching treatments could reduce the soil water coefficient of variation at 0-200 cm soil layer, and the DJ treatment had the strongest vertical stability of soil water. The DD treatment had significant thermal insulation effect in 0-15 cm soil layer after 30-50 d sowing, while the DJ treatment had double effects of cooling and increasing temperature at 0-25 cm layer during the whole growth period, compared with CK. All the mulching treatments could reduce the variation coefficient of soil temperature at 0-25 cm soil layer, and the variation coefficient of soil temperature under DJ treatment was the smallest, while the vertical stability of soil temperature was the best. Mulching could increase the potato emergence rate, and affect emergence days. The average emergence days under DD treatment was 4.5 d earlier than that under CK, while DJ treatment delayed 3.5 d. The cumulative dynamics of biomass during the growth period of potato were consistent with the logistic growth equation. The theoretical value and growth rate of biomass under DJ treatment were the largest, and the rapid growth duration was the longest. 【Conclusion】 Through the principal component analysis, it was found that besides some factors of potato biomass, number of potatoes per plant, and potato per hectare, the soil water had a higher effect on potato growth than soil temperature, which was an important factor limiting potato high yield. DJ could improve soil moisture status and maintain relatively stable soil. Water temperature environment was beneficial to potato growth and tuber yield.

Key words: mulching of furrow-and-ridge, soil water, soil temperature, variation coefficient, potato biomass

XueKe PU, ChunHua WU, YouMing MIAN, FangFang MIAO, XianQing HOU, Rong LI. Effects of Different Mulching Patterns on Growth of Potato and Characteristics of Soil Water and Temperature in Dry Farmland[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(4): 734-747.

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References 49

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	马铃薯生育期不同土层平均土壤温度 Average soil temperature in different soil layers of potato growing period (°C)					拟合公式 Fitting formula	判定系数 Determination coefficient (R²)	变异系数 Variation coefficient (%)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	5 cm	10 cm	15 cm	20 cm	25 cm	拟合公式 Fitting formula	判定系数 Determination coefficient (R²)	变异系数 Variation coefficient (%)
2015	DD	20.45a	19.91a	18.91a	17.42a	17.50a	Y=21.48e^-0.009x	0.93	6.52
	DJ	17.34b	16.42b	15.70c	15.38b	15.56b	Y=17.49e^-0.006x	0.82	4.50
	DB	19.89a	17.87ab	16.82bc	17.50a	15.77ab	Y=20.27e^-0.01x	0.81	7.77
	CK	19.21ab	17.70ab	17.62ab	18.64a	14.55b	Y=20.32e^-0.01x	0.54	9.19
2016	DD	22.61a	21.94a	20.78a	20.73a	20.21a	Y=23.11e-0.006x	0.90	4.15
	DJ	20.34b	19.86b	19.41a	19.30a	19.32a	Y=20.43e-0.003x	0.85	2.06
	DB	21.25ab	20.95a	19.57a	19.68a	18.56ab	Y=22.08e^-0.007x	0.915	4.90
	CK	21.20ab	20.98a	19.42a	20.90a	16.83b	Y=22.77e^-0.009x	0.57	8.29

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	拟合参数 Regression parameter			R²	快速生长期特征值 Characteristic Value of Rapid Growth period
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	K_m ( t·hm^-2)	a	b	R²	T₁(d)	T₂(d)	T₀(d)	ΔT(d)	V_max ( t·hm^-2·d^-1)
2015	DD	13.2	103.1	0.059	0.991**	56.3	100.9	44.6	78.6	0.19
	DJ	15.0	96.3	0.057	0.976**	57.0	103.2	46.21	80.1	0.21
	DB	9.3	158.7	0.069	0.987**	54.3	92.5	38.2	73.4	0.16
	CK	8.5	181.9	0.072	0.970	54.0	90.6	36.6	72.3	0.15
2016	DD	13.0	64.8	0.061	0.987**	46.8	90.0	43.14	68.4	0.20
	DJ	14.3	85.1	0.059	0.993**	53.0	97.6	44.6	75.3	0.21
	DB	7.3	69.8	0.064	0.971**	45.8	86.9	41.1	66.3	0.12
	CK	6.5	64.5	0.066	0.964**	43.2	83.1	39.9	63.1	0.11

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	拟合参数 Regression parameter			R²	快速生长期特征值 Characteristic value of rapid growth period
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	K_m ( t·hm^-2)	a	b	R²	T₁(d)	T₂(d)	T₀(d)	ΔT (d)	V_max ( t·hm^-2·d^-1)
2015	DD	12.09	181.68	0.055	0.986**	70.64	118.53	47.89	94.6	0.17
	DJ	13.47	199.62	0.053	0.979**	75.08	124.78	49.70	99.9	0.18
	DB	10.06	186.31	0.056	0.982**	69.83	116.87	47.04	93.4	0.14
	CK	9.26	162.30	0.058	0.965**	65.04	110.46	45.42	87.8	0.13
2016	DD	11.51	186.45	0.055	0.949**	71.11	119.01	47.89	95.1	0.16
	DJ	13.40	163.51	0.052	0.963**	72.69	123.35	50.66	98.0	0.17
	DB	10.22	163.07	0.056	0.972**	67.45	114.49	47.04	91.0	0.14
	CK	8.09	142.31	0.058	0.983**	62.78	108.19	45.42	85.5	0.12

成分 Component	特征值 Standard deviation	方差百分比 Variance percentage (%)	累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution (%)
X1	6.96	86.93	86.94
X2	0.89	11.06	97.99
X3	0.16	2.01	100.00

Effects of Different Mulching Patterns on Growth of Potato and Characteristics of Soil Water and Temperature in Dry Farmland

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