Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (20): 3536-3545.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.20.005

• SPECIAL FOCUS: HIGH-YIELDING AND HIGH NUTRIENT EFFICIENT SPRING MAIZE IN NORTHEAST CHINA • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Sources Reduction on Accumulation and Remobilization of Dry Matter and Nitrogen, Phosphors and Potassium of Spring Maize Under Different Densities After Flowering

YuJun CAO1,3,Yang WU1,ZhiMing LIU1,Hong CUI1,2,YanJie LÜ1,FanYun YAO1,WenWen WEI1,YongJun WANG1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Engineering Laboratory of Maize, Changchun 130033
    2 College of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118
    3 College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Haerbin 150030
  • Received:2018-10-13 Accepted:2018-12-20 Online:2019-10-16 Published:2019-10-28
  • Contact: YongJun WANG E-mail:yjwang2004@126.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】 The effects of source reduction on yield, dry matter, and nutrient accumulation and transport of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium under different density populations were discussed in this study, in order to provide more effective ways for further improvement of maize yield and nutrient use efficiency and to provide a reference for the selection and breeding of density-resistant varieties.【Method】 The cultivar Xianyu335 was used for experimental material, which was planted most popularly in local production. A split plot design with three replicates was used in the experiment. The main plot was different densities with 60 000 plants/hm 2 (conventional density) and 90 000 plants/hm 2(high density), respectively; The subplot was different sources reduction intensity by cutting the leaves of each plant by 1/2 (T1), 1/3 (T2), 1/4 (T3) and control (without cutting leaves) at silking stage. Dry matter weight and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were determined, and dry matter and nutrient accumulation and transport were calculated. 【Result】 Under conventional planting density, the number of kernels per ear, 100-kernel weight, and grain yield were all decreased compared to the control under different levels of source reduction. Among them, the average yield of T1, T2 and T3 were 32.1%, 20.3% and 11.9% lower than that of the control in two years, respectively; Under high planting density, T3 treatment significantly increased the number of kernels per ear, which resulted in a significant increase in yield. The average yield in two years in T3 treatment was 7.7% higher than that of control. Compare with the control, the dry matter and the nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium transport rate of vegetative organs were increased at different source reduction, the greater the source reduction, the higher the dry matter and nutrient transport rate. Under conventional planting density, the vegetative organs nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium transport rate of T1, T2 and T3 were 25.4%, 19.1%, 10.7%, 14.3%, 9.8%, 5.2% and 19.0%, 10.7%, 8.4% higher than the control, respectively. While, under high planting density, the vegetative organs nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium transport rate of T1, T2 and T3 were 17.1%, 12.8%, 5.8%, 12.6%, 8.0%, 3.6% and 14.9%, 11.3%, 3.9% higher than the control, respectively. Under conventional planting density, the differences of source reduction reduced the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in grains. While, under high planting density, the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in grains were increased at an appropriate source reduction level. The accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were 11.1%, 6.9%, and 6.1% higher, respectively, than the control on average of two years under T3 treatment. But the nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium under T1 and T2 treatments were 20.4%, 23.4%, 20.0% and 10.3%, 15.6%, 16.0% lower than the control, respectively.【Conclusion】 Leaf redundancy existed in dense maize population, reduction the amount of leaf sources appropriately (cutting all the leaves by 1/4 of whole plant) promoted the dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients transport rate from vegetative organs to the grain, and increased the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients in grains at mature stage. Therefore, increasing the density reasonably should be adopted in maize production. Meanwhile, the appropriate reduction of leaf source volume under high density population should be an effective way to further increase high yield and efficient use of nutrients in spring maize.

Key words: spring maize, different densities, leaf area reduction, dry matter, N,P,K accumulation and transport

Fig. 1

Meteorological conditions at growth stage of maize"

Table 1

The leaf area index (LAI) of different treatment groups after the source reduction"

年份
Year		 种植密度
Planting density
(×104 plants/hm2)		 减源处理
Source reduction treatment		 叶面积指数
LAI
2014 6.0 CK 5.52
T1 3.11
T2 3.56
T3 4.15
9.0 CK 7.36
T1 4.02
T2 5.04
T3 6.22
2015 6.0 CK 5.82
T1 3.30
T2 3.91
T3 4.31
9.0 CK 7.19
T1 3.84
T2 4.85
T3 6.16

"

年份
Year		 种植密度
Planting density
(×104 plants/hm2)		 处理
Treatment		 穗粒数
Grain number per ear		 百粒重
100-kernel weight
(g)		 秃尖长
Bare tip length
(cm)		 产量
Yield
(kg·hm-2)
2014 6.0 CK 586.7a 33.6a 0.5c 11231.2a
T1 478.7c 27.2c 3.7a 7676.1d
T2 506.7c 30.4b 2.1b 8961.9c
T3 548.0b 31.0b 1.9b 9840.6b
9.0 CK 512.5b 30.5a 1.7a 12741.7b
T1 490.5c 26.4b 2.4a 10283.9c
T2 500.4b 28.8ab 2.0b 11825.9b
T3 542.2a 31.7a 0.5b 13648.6a
2015 6.0 CK 560.7a 33.0a 0.4c 11047.8a
T1 495.2c 26.1b 3.9a 7447.9d
T2 502.3c 30.6b 2.0b 8798.4c
T3 532.3b 32.3ab 1.8b 9790.3b
9.0 CK 505.3b 31.4a 1.9a 12411.6b
T1 476.7b 27.0b 2.4a 10149.1d
T2 481.3b 29.0b 2.0a 11465.5c
T3 539.3a 32.0a 0.6b 13444.8a
ANOVA 年份 Year ns ns ns ns
密度 Density (D) * * ns **
处理 Treatment (T) * * * **
密度×处理 (D×T) ** * ns *

Table 3

Effects of different source reduction on dry matter accumulation and transport"

年份
Year		 种植密度
Planting density
(×104 plants/hm2)		 处理
Treatment		 叶片干重
Leaf weight (g)		 转运量
Remobilization (g/plant)		 转运率
Remobilization efficiency
(%)		 茎鞘干重
Stem-sheath weight (g/plant)		 转运量
Remobilization
(g/plant)		 转运率
Remobilization efficiency
(%)
吐丝期
Silking stage		 成熟期
Mature stage		 吐丝期
Silking stage		 成熟期
Mature stage
2014
 6.0 CK 46.0a 38.3a 7.7b 16.7d 136.2a 122.2a 14.0d 10.3c
T1 30.5d 21.6d 8.9a 29.1a 136.3a 108.0c 28.5a 20.8a
T2 38.0c 29.4c 8.6a 22.5b 136.1a 110.4c 25.6b 18.8a
T3 42.0b 33.5b 8.5ab 20.3c 135.9a 117.1b 18.8c 13.7b
9.0 CK 42.0a 35.5a 6.5a 15.9c 124.8a 108.1a 16.8c 13.4c
T1 30.7d 24.0d 6.7a 21.8a 124.3a 100.7 23.7a 19.0a
T2 33.5c 27.1c 6.4a 19.2b 125.0a 104.2 20.7b 16.6b
T3 36.1b 30.2b 6.0b 16.5c 124.2a 106.5 17.7c 14.3c
2015 6.0 CK 45.4a 38.4a 7.0b 15.5d 140.9a 123.7 17.2d 12.2c
T1 32.2d 23.0d 9.2a 28.4a 141.0a 109.7 31.3a 22.2a
T2 38.8c 30.1c 8.7a 22.4b 140.5a 114.9 25.6b 18.2b
T3 41.1b 32.7b 8.4ab 20.5c 141.1a 120.6 20.5c 14.5c
9.0 CK 42.3a 35.8a 6.5a 15.3c 127.1a 110.6 16.5c 13.0c
T1 30.3d 23.2d 6.9a 23.2a 127.1a 100.3 26.8a 21.1a
T2 32.7c 26.0c 6.7a 20.5b 127.4a 104.3 23.2b 18.2b
T3 36.7b 30.7b 6.1a 16.4c 127.5a 110.0 17.5c 13.7c

Table 4

N, P and K nutrient remobilization efficiency in leaves and stem-sheath under different treatments"

年份
Year		 种植密度
Planting density
(×104 plants/hm2)		 处理
Treatment		 氮N (%) 磷P (%) 钾K (%)
叶片
Leaf		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶片
Leaf		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶片
Leaf		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath
2014 6.0 CK 42.9 45.5 42.1 53.6 61.2 24.5
T1 53.8 54.9 47.3 63.2 70.4 29.9
T2 51.1 53.4 46.3 59.3 66.8 26.8
T3 46.5 49.5 44.5 54.8 64.6 27.3
9.0 CK 43.8 41.5 41.3 46.9 61.4 25.9
T1 52.2 50.1 44.8 55.6 66.8 32.3
T2 46.5 48.9 43.7 54.0 65.3 31.2
T3 45.6 45.1 44.3 49.2 63.4 26.9
2015 6.0 CK 43.9 46.9 57.3 54.2 59.6 24.7
T1 55.7 53.5 62.3 60.5 71.7 30.3
T2 48.5 53.9 59.6 58.6 67.1 27.5
T3 45.7 50.6 58.5 56.8 66.4 25.9
9.0 CK 45.2 43.9 46.7 46.1 61.6 19.4
T1 51.7 50.3 53.5 52.9 68.4 26.0
T2 50.8 50.6 51.0 50.0 64.8 26.0
T3 48.4 45.4 49.8 47.2 62.7 21.9
ANOVA 年份 Year ns ns ns ns ns *
密度 Density ns ** ** ** ns *
处理 Treatment ** ** ns ** ** **

Table 5

Effects of source reduction on N, P and K accumulation and the contribution of remobilized N, P and K to grain under different treatments"

年份
Year		 种植密度
Planting density
(×104 plants/hm2)		 处理
Treatment		 成熟期籽粒
氮积累
Grain N at physiological
maturity (g/plant)		 营养器官
氮转运贡献
Proportion of remobilize N in grain from vegetative organs		 成熟期籽粒
磷积累
Grain P at physiological
maturity (g/plant)		 营养器官
磷转运贡献
Proportion of remobilize P in grain from vegetative organs		 成熟期籽粒
钾积累
Grain K at physiological
maturity (g/plant)		 营养器官钾
转运贡献率
Proportion of remobilize K in grain from vegetative organs
2014
 6.0 CK 2.13 41.12 0.38 43.45 0.69 55.40
T1 1.56 59.11 0.35 47.24 0.57 60.74
T2 1.79 54.89 0.36 43.61 0.60 58.63
T3 1.85 50.60 0.36 43.47 0.64 60.41
9.0 CK 1.72 39.72 0.32 33.02 0.51 60.30
T1 1.41 52.60 0.25 44.99 0.41 75.14
T2 1.61 48.92 0.28 38.74 0.43 73.20
T3 1.96 35.03 0.34 31.38 0.53 59.16
2015 6.0 CK 2.15 42.64 0.35 46.56 0.67 54.30
T1 1.58 61.20 0.29 54.72 0.49 73.12
T2 1.87 52.84 0.33 48.54 0.54 63.18
T3 1.92 48.77 0.34 49.24 0.57 59.92
9.0 CK 1.72 45.75 0.32 31.41 0.49 62.91
T1 1.35 57.39 0.24 41.51 0.39 70.20
T2 1.50 53.83 0.26 37.84 0.41 73.31
T3 1.92 40.32 0.34 29.58 0.52 58.88
ANOVA 年份
Year		 ns ns ns ns ns ns
密度
Density		 ** ** * ** ** *
处理
Treatment		 ** ** * ** ** **
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