包膜尿素不同配比减施对土壤无机氮含量及玉米氮素吸收的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.10.007

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 By studying the effects of nitrogen releasing and nitrogen absorbing by maize under the application of different ratios with coated urea and ordinary urea, this paper aimed to screen the optimal ratio, which was beneficial to the outputs of spring maize in the northeast China and nitrogen utilization efficiency, and to provide the basis for the generalizing of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer on maize.【Method】Field experiments were set in Shenyang and Haicheng of Liaoning province in 2017, and crop strains were Dongdan6531 and Tieyan358, respectively. The experiment fertilizers were ordinary and coated urea. The treatments in both set points included blank control (CK0), ordinary urea nitrogen control (CK) and decreased urea N control treatments (CK1), decreased coated urea N control (T0)compared with (CK)treatments; three different ratios urea between ordinary and coated were arranged in Shenyang (T1, T2 and T3) and two in Haicheng (T1 and T2). The ratios of T1, T2 and T3 were 8:2, 6:4 and 4:6, respectively; the ordinary urea control rate was 244 kg·hm ^-2 and decreased coated urea N control was 220 kg·hm ^-2 in Shenyang and that were 217 kg·hm ^-2 and 195 kg·hm ^-2 in Haicheng, respectively. Soil and plant samples were collected according to the maize growing season, respectively. Determination of the content of soil inorganic nitrogen and different plant parts nutrient, and the biological yield of different treatments were also measured.【Result】The treatments of coated urea plus the ordinary increased the maize yield significantly (P<0.05), and with the ratio increasing, the yield first rise and then drop. The yield of T2 was the highest (10 250 kg·hm ^-2), and CK1 was the lowest (9 307 kg·hm ^-2). The yields of equal N inputting treatments were in the order as T2>T3>T1>T0>CK1, and the grain yield increased 3.89%-25.76% compare to CK1, but there was no significant difference between T2 and CK. The soil inorganic N content was increased at the early maize growth stage applying with either type urea, and the soil N content was rich at the late maize growth stage applying with coated urea. Under the same N input treatments, the N use efficiency (NUE) and agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer (AEN) applied first rise and then drop with the ratio increasing, and T2 was the highest, CK1 was the lowest, the results in different place was the same.【Conclusion】Coated urea plus ordinary urea performed better than other treatments on yield, AEN and NUE, and T2 (i.e. 6:4 of the coated and ordinary urea) was the best. According to the characteristics of coated urea and ordinary urea, we fitted a curve for those results, and made it to know that 62% coated urea plus 38% ordinary urea input could get the best NUE and maize yield in South Central Liaoning, which could increase soil N content at the late of crop growth stage by using coated urea and ordinary urea to their advantages fully, gaining yield and economic benefits.

Key words: resin coated urea (RCU), inorganic nitrogen, NUE, spring maize, yield, decreased-nitrogen

FENG XiaoJie,ZHAN XiuMei,WANG XueXin,CHEN Kun,PENG Jing,HAN XiaoRi. Effects of Soil Inorganic Nitrogen and Nitrogen Absorbing by Maize Under the Reduced Application of Coated Urea at Different Proportions[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(10): 1733-1745.

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References 35

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试验地点 Experimental sites	pH	有机质 Organic Matter（g·kg^-1）	无机氮 Inorganic N （mg·kg^-1）	全氮 Total N （g·kg^-1）	解碱氮 Available N （mg·kg^-1）	速效磷 Available P （mg·kg^-1）	速效钾 Available K （mg·kg^-1）
沈阳 Shenyang	5.14	14.61	8.53	0.83	91.40	7.60	89.80
海城 Haicheng	5.14	22.30	18.25	0.86	129.60	27.42	122.76

吸收特点 Absorption characteristics	处理 Treatment	苗期—拔节期 SD-SS	拔节期—大喇叭口期 SS-BS	大喇叭口期—抽雄期 BS-HS	抽雄期—乳熟期 HS-FS	乳熟期—成熟期 FS-MS	合计 Total
阶段吸收量 N accumulation （g/plant）	CK0	0.74±0.05a	1.21±0.08ab	0.40±0.17b	0.22±0.10a	0.37±0.11b	2.94b
	CK	0.77±0.04a	1.29±0.12a	0.37±0.16a	0.64±0.05b	0.59±0.11ab	3.92a
	CK1	0.84±0.03a	1.07±0.11abc	0.61±0.16a	0.52±0.06b	0.87±0.19a	3.90a
	T0	0.83±0.03a	1.06±0.06abc	0.44±0.03a	0.91±0.13a	0.67±0.10a	3.90a
	T1	0.76±0.04a	0.91±0.10c	0.59±0.05a	1.14±0.26a	0.55±0.21ab	3.95a
	T2	0.74±0.02a	0.98±0.05bc	0.58±0.13a	1.03±0.15a	0.80±0.26ab	4.13a
	T3	0.77±0.02a	1.07±0.03abc	0.28±0.05a	1.15±0.10a	0.68±0.12a	3.94a
占总量比例 N percentage (%)	CK0	25.1	41.6	13.4	7.5	12.5	100
占总量比例 N percentage (%)	CK	19.4	32.5	9.5	16.4	14.9	100
	CK1	21.8	27.5	15.9	13.3	22.2	100
	T0	20.8	26.7	11.1	23.3	17.2	100
	T1	18.8	22.6	14.7	28.9	13.9	100
	T2	18.4	24.2	14.3	25.0	19.3	100
	T3	19.3	26.7	6.9	29.1	17.2	100

试验地点 Experimental sites	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield （kg·hm^-2）	增产率 Increased rate (%)		氮素表观利用率 REN (%)	氮肥农学效率 NAE (kg·kg^-1)
试验地点 Experimental sites	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield （kg·hm^-2）	比CK增产 Compared to CK	比CK1增产 Compared to CK1	氮素表观利用率 REN (%)	氮肥农学效率 NAE (kg·kg^-1)
沈阳	CK0	6855d	---	---	---	---
Shenyang	CK	10042ab	---	7.9	31.6e	7.7 abc
	CK1	9307c	-7.32	---	31.2f	5.2 d
	T0	9669abc	-3.72	3.89	32.5d	6.9 bcd
	T1	9912ab	-1.29	6.5	35.8b	7.7 abc
	T2	10250a	2.06	10.12	37.4a	9.5 a
	T3	10068ab	0.27	8.19	33.6c	8.7 ab
海城	CK0	7300e	---	---	---	---
Haicheng	CK	11850d	---	19.70	29.1e	21.0b
	CK1	9900d	-16.46	---	30.3d	13.3d
	T0	10650c	-10.13	7.58	31.4c	17.2c
	T1	11325b	-4.43	14.39	34.5b	20.6b
	T2	12450a	5.06	25.76	36.3a	26.4a

试验地点 Experimental site	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield （kg·hm^-2）	产值 Output value (yuan)	肥料 Fertilizer input (yuan)	人工 Manual input (yuan)	总成本 Total cost (yuan)	净收入 Net income (yuan)
沈阳	CK0	6855	10439	1371	2250	3620	6819
Shenyang	CK	10042	15264	2432	2850	4681	10583
	CK1	9307	14146	2327	2250	4577	9569
	T0	9669	14696	3120	2250	5370	9326
	T1	9912	15066	2961	2250	5211	9855
	T2	10250	15577	2803	2250	5053	10524
	T3	10068	15305	2644	2250	4894	10411
海城	CK0	7300	11096	1031	2250	3281	7815
Haicheng	CK	11850	18012	1974	2250	4224	13788
	CK1	9900	15048	1879	2250	4129	10919
	T0	10650	16188	2656	2250	4906	11282
	T1	11325	17214	2416	2250	4666	12548
	T2	12450	18924	2176	2250	4426	14498

Effects of Soil Inorganic Nitrogen and Nitrogen Absorbing by Maize Under the Reduced Application of Coated Urea at Different Proportions

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