河南省小麦、玉米氮肥需求及节氮潜力

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.14.012

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 Nitrogen (N) demand and saving potential under recommendation fertilization for the wheat and maize in Henan province were estimated to provide the basis for the policy of zero growth of chemical fertilizer in China.【Method】Based on the statistical data and the field trials, this paper studied the production and N consumption, estimated the N demand and furthermore the saving potential for the wheat and maize production of the whole province under the rational N fertilizer rate according to methods of fertilizer response mode, aboveground N accumulation and N requirements per 1000 kg grain yield.【Result】The N consumption for wheat and maize in Henan province was increased continuously, with the single N fertilizer consumption declining while the N fertilizer in compound and mixed fertilizer increasing. In 2015, the total N consumption for wheat and maize in the total province were 133.0×10⁴ t and 60.9×10⁴ t, respectively. The aboveground N accumulation for wheat and maize were averagely 209.4 and 183.7 kg·hm^-2, respectively, and N requirement per 1 000 kg grain were 29.1 and 23.0 kg, respectively. The regional mean optimal N fertilizer rate for wheat and maize were 171.0 and 202.5 kg·hm^-2 under the highest yield while 155.1 and 172.8 kg·hm^-2 under the highest economic profit, respectively. The N demand for wheat was 57.8×10⁴-67.7×10⁴ t, with N saving potential of 21.8×10⁴-48.8×10⁴ t or 16.4%-36.7% in Henan province; while the N demand for maize was 42.7×10⁴-67.7×10⁴ t, with the highest N saving potential 18.2×10⁴ t or 30.0%. 【Conclusion】The N consumption and demand for wheat and maize in Henan province were increased continuously, however, the actual N consumption exceeded the demand, representing a great potential for fertilizer saving under rational N fertilization in further.

Key words: wheat, maize, N fertilizer, N requirement, N saving potential, Henan

ZHAO YaNan, XU Xia, HUANG YuFang, SUN XiaoMei, YE YouLiang. Nitrogen Requirement and Saving Potential for Wheat and Maize in Henan Province[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(14): 2747-2757.

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