密植与氮肥用量对不同耐密型夏玉米品种产量及氮素利用效率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.12.006

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this experiment is to study the effects of close planting and nitrogen application rates on grain yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of different density-tolerance maize hybrids. 【Method】Two summer maize cultivars, density-resistant hybrid (ZD958) and non-density resistant hybrid (LD981), were used as experiment materials to study the effects of different planting densities ( 52 500, 82 500 plant/hm²) and nitrogen rates (0, 90, 180, 270, 360 kg N·hm^-2) on dry matter accumulation, nitrogen translocation efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, yield and its components of different density-tolerance summer maize.【Result】 The 1000-grain weight and kernels per ear were significantly decreased with the increase of planting density at the same nitrogen application level, but the ear number, barrenness and lodging rate were significantly increased. The barrenness and lodging rate of non-density resistant hybrid were increased more significantly. The average 1000-grain weight and kernels per ear of ZD958 and LD981 were decreased by 6.24% and 6.77%, 7.52% and 18.09%, respectively, and barrenness and lodging rate of LD981 were as high as 17% and 27.6%, significantly higher than ZD958. The grain yield increased with increase of N application rate under high density condition, but the difference between N application rate at 270 kg·hm^-2 and 360 kg·hm^-2 was not significant. Under low density condition, the grain yield increased first and then decreased with increase of N application rate, and reached the maximum at N application rate of 270 kg·hm^-2. The dry matter accumulation per plant decreased with the increase of planting density, while the population dry matter accumulation increased. Both of them increased with increase of N application rate, and the dry matter contribution rate increased after anthesis. Under the same nitrogen level, the high density treatments significantly increased the total N accumulation, N translocation and its contribution rate to grain. With the increase of planting density, the average total N accumulation, N agronomic efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency of ZD958 and LD981 were increased by 15.94%, 39.01%, 26.22% and 1.96%, 5.79%, 14.92%, respectively. Under the same planting density, the increase of nitrogen rate could improve the total N accumulation and assimilating amount of nitrogen after anthesis, while the nitrogen agronomic efficiency, nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity were decreased. With increase of planting density, the N translocation rate and N translocation rate of nutrient organs increased significantly. Under high planting density condition, the N translocation efficiency and contribution rate increased with increase of N application rate, while it decreased under low planting density condition. 【Conclusion】Under this experimental field condition, increased density and nitrogen application rate could significantly improve the dry matter accumulation of ZD958 and LD981. The effect of density on grain yield was significant between the two summer maize cultivars. Under the conditions of high density, increasing the amount of N fertilizer, the yields of two cultivars were increased significantly, while barrenness and lodging rate of LD981 increased significantly, which was the main reason for limiting grain yield increasing. Increasing density could significantly improve the nitrogen utilization rate and N translocation of vegetative organs. N assimilating amount after anthesis increased with increasing density in ZD958, and decreased in LD981. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased with increasing nitrogen application, but which could increase plant N uptake and nitrogen assimilation after anthesis under high density. combination of density and nitrogen could improve the yield and nitrogen utilization rate together. As far as the grain yield and nitrogen efficiency are concerned, the most optimal plant density and nitrogen rate of ZD958 were 82 500 plants/hm²and 270 kg·hm^-2, and the most optimal plant density and nitrogen rate of LD981 were 52 500 plants/hm² and 180 kg·hm^-².

Key words: summer maize, density-tolerance, planting density, nitrogen application, nitrogen utilization efficiency

LI GuangHao, LIU Juan, DONG ShuTing, LIU Peng, ZHANG JiWang, ZHAO Bin, SHI DeYang. Effects of Close Planting and Nitrogen Application Rates on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Different Density-Tolerance Maize Hybrids[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(12): 2247-2258.

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Effects of Close Planting and Nitrogen Application Rates on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Different Density-Tolerance Maize Hybrids

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