夏玉米根系与土壤硝态氮空间分布吻合度对水氮处理的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.11.021

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】Root is a major organ of maize for the absorption of soil nitrogen nutrition. The spatial concordance index between maize root and soil nitrogen distribution might have an influence on nitrogen uptake and utilization of maize. The purposes of this study were: (1) to analyze the effects of water and nitrogen treatments on maize root distribution and the spatial concordance index between maize root and soil nitrate content; (2) to determine the effectiveness of spatial concordance index between maize root and soil nitrate content. 【Method】 From 2011 to 2015, the experiment was set in six treatments, including W0N0 (0), W0N1 (0+300 kg N·hm^-2), W0N2 (0+360 kg N·hm^-2), W1N0 (750 m³·hm^-2+0), W1N1 (750 m³·hm^-2+ 300 kg N·hm^-2), and W1N2 (750 m³·hm^-2+ 360 kg N·hm^-2), in which irrigation occurred at spike formation stage, and nitrogen applied at jointing stage (30%N) and spike formation stage (70%N). In maize growing season of 2015, soil samples were collected in and between maize planting lines at jointing, spike formation, silking, 20 days after silking, and mature stage. Root length density (RLD) and root dry weight density (RWD), soil nitrate content, spatial concordance index between root and soil nitrate content, and nitrogen absorption were analyzed. 【Result】 With the development of maize growth process, both in and between the lines of maize, RLD, RWD, and soil nitrate content increased first and then decreased. The maximum values of RLD and RWD occurred in 20 days after silking, and the maximum value of soil nitrate content occurred at spike formation stage. In the range of 0-360 kg·hm^-2, with the increasing of nitrogen application rate, maize RLD and soil nitrate content before silking stage kept increasing. However, maize RWD and soil nitrate content after silking stage increased first and then decreased, and the maximum value occurred in 300 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application treatment. At the late stage of maize growth, irrigation increased RLD and RWD, but decreased soil nitrate content. With the increasing of soil layer depth, RLD1-N (the spatial concordance index between RLD and soil nitrate content at the maize planting line) and RWD1-N (the spatial concordance index between RWD and soil nitrate content at the maize planting line) showed a decreasing trend, RLD2-N and RWD2-N showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, the maximum value occurred in 10-30 cm soil layer. With the development of maize growth process, RLD1-N, RWD1-N, and RWD2-N , and RLD2-N in 0-40 cm soil layer showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. Compared with no nitrogen treatment, nitrogen applications significantly increased RLD1-N, RLD2-N, RWD1-N and RWD2-N. When increasing nitrogen from 300 kg·hm^-2 to 360 kg·hm^-2, the RLD2-N of 0-30 cm soil layer, the RWD1-N of 0-20 cm soil layer, the RLD1-N from jointing to silking stage, and the RWD2-N of 0-20 cm soil layer were decreased; and the RLD2-N of 40-50 cm soil layer, the RWD1-N of 20-50 cm soil layer, the RLD1-N and RWD2-N after silking stage were increased. RLD1-N, RLD2-N, RWD1-N, RWD2-N had a remarkable correlation with maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency, which the correlation coefficient was higher than between root length density, root weight density and maize yield, nitrogen use efficiency. 【Conclusion】Under field conditions, nitrogen fertilizer application increased RLD, RWD, RLD1-N, RLD2-N, RWD1-N and RWD2-N, but decreased RWD, RLD1-N before silking, RWD2-N, RLD2-N and RWD1-N when nitrogen fertilizer application exceeded 300 kg·hm^-2. The spatial concordance index between root and soil nitrate can be a effective index to assess nitrogen use efficiency of maize.

Key words: maize, root length density, root dry weight density, soil nitrate content, spatial concordance index

YIN Fei, WANG JunZhong, SUN XiaoMei, LI HongQi, FU GuoZhan, PEI RuiJie, JIAO NianYuan. Response of Spatial Concordance Index Between Maize Root and Soil Nitrate Distribution to Water and Nitrogen Treatments[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(11): 2166-2178.

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