西北黄土高原半干旱区全膜微垄沟穴播对冬小麦耗水特性和水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.24.003

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】Precipitation is inadequate in arid and semiarid areas of Northwest Loess Plateau. Especially, the invalid precipitation, which daily rainfall less than 10 mm, accounts for more than 50% in winter wheat growth period. Consequently, How to use this part of precipitation sufficiently is a key method to increase the rainfall use efficiency and yield stably of winter wheat in this area.【Method】The winter wheat cultivar Zhongliang was selected as test material, a field experiment was conducted from 2011 to 2015 on Northwest Loess Plateau (104°36′ E, 35°35′ N) . The designed four treatments were (1) micro ridge-furrow with whole field plastic film mulching and bunching seeding (PRF), (2) whole field soil plastic mulching and bunching seeding (PMS), (3) sand mulching and bunching seeding (SM), and (4) bunching seeding without mulching (CK). The seasonal soil water content in 0-200 cm soil profile, aboveground biomass, yield and its components of winter wheat were recorded; the wheat periodical water consumption in 0-200 cm soil profile, and water use efficiency had been calculated, to understand the effect of PRF on soil water storage, water consumption characteristics, yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat. 【Result】 The four-year average soil water storage of PRF at sowing and re-green stages was higher than PMS, SM, CK by 24.3, 38.8, 7.4 mm and 18.2, 26.9, 67.8 mm, respectively. PRF averagely increased wheat evapotranspiration from heading to filling stage by 36.0 mm than PMS. As compared with SM and CK, it increased by 12.1 mm and 16.7 mm, 40.8 mm and 37.6 mm from turning-green to heading and from filling to maturity, respectively. The aboveground biomass of PRF was higher than PMS by 2.2%-15.4% at seeding, heading, filling and maturing stages, the significant difference was observed at filling stage in 2011-2012, and at seedling and heading stages in 2014-2015. As compared with CK and SM, the aboveground biomass of PRF was significantly higher at the four growth stages. Spike number, grain number and 1000-grain weight were performed as PRF＞PMS＞SM in four experimental years, the significant difference was not observed among the three treatments, but significantly higher than CK. The yield of PRF was the highest among the four treatments, it reached 4 373.6-4 950.0 kg·hm^-2,increased by 2.4%-12.7% than PMS, and a significant difference was observed in 2012-2013 and 2014-2015. It was significantly higher than SM (except for 2012-2013) and CK (increased by 35.8%-43.8%) in four experimental years. The water use efficiency of PRF increased by 0.4%-12.8% as compared with PMS, a significant difference was observed except for 2013-2014, it was also significantly higher than SM (except for 2014-2015) and CK (significantly increased by 8.1% -42.1%) in four experimental years. 【Conclusion】 PRFcoulduse small rainfall (daily rainfall amount <10 mm) efficiently, increased soil water storage in 0-200 cm profile at sowing and turning-green stages, improved wheat evapotranspiration at filling stage, increased spike number, weight and kilo-grain weight, resulted in the increment of grain yield and water use efficiency. Consequently, the micro ridge-furrow with whole field plastic film mulching and bunching seeding is the better cropping patterns for high yield and efficiency of winter wheat in semiarid areas of Northwest Loess Plateau.

Key words: micro ridge-furrow with whole field plastic film mulching and bunching seeding, winter wheat, soil water storage, periodical water consumption, yield, Northwest Loess Plateau

HOU Hui-zhi, Gao Shi-Ming, ZHANG Xu-cheng, WANG De-gui. Effects of Micro Ridge-Furrow with Plastic Film Mulching and Bunching Seeding on Water Consumption Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat in Semiarid Areas of Northwest Loess Plateau[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(24): 4701-4713.

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Effects of Micro Ridge-Furrow with Plastic Film Mulching and Bunching Seeding on Water Consumption Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat in Semiarid Areas of Northwest Loess Plateau

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