不同土壤类型冬小麦-夏玉米轮作施肥效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.16.008

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of the experiment was to study the nutrient absorption characteristics and the effects of fertilization on crop yield of winter wheat and summer maize in different soil types, the results of the study can provide a basis for fertilization and high efficient utilization of resources.【Method】The experiment with four kinds of soil types (clay fluvo-aquic soil, sandy fluvo-aquic soil, black soil and yellow-cinnamon soil) and three fertilizer levels (no fertilizer, middle fertilizer and high fertilizer) was conducted by a pool experiment to investigate the soil nutrient supply characteristics, the effects of fertilization on production and fertilizer use efficiency in different soil types.【Result】The results showed that under no fertilizer application, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation and yields of winter wheat and summer maize decreased in the four kinds of soil in the order: clay fluvo-aquic soil＞black soil＞yellow-cinnamon soil＞sandy fluvo-aquic soil, which indicated a significant difference among different soil types in soil nutrient supplying capacity and productivity. Fertilization significantly increased crop nutrient accumulation and yield in four soil types. Compared with no fertilizer treatment, the nitrogen accumulation in whole year increased by 37.7%-98.7%, phosphorus accumulation increased by 23.6%-75.3%, potassium accumulation increased by 29.3%-76.1%, and yields of winter wheat and summer maize increased by 26.5%-64.4%. The increases of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation and yield of winter wheat and summer maize in four soil types were in the order of sandy fluvo-aquic soil ＞yellow-cinnamon soil＞black soil＞clay fluvo-aquic soil, which showed that the higher of soil productivity, the bigger of nutrient supply ability, the lower effect of fertilization on crop yield. Agronomic efficiency of fertilizer of winter wheat and summer maize in four soil types were characterized by: sandy fluvo-aquic soil＞yellow-cinnamon soil＞black soil＞clay fluvo-aquic soil, which means that the lower of productivity of soil, the higher the fertilizer use efficiency. The nutrient accumulations and yields of winter wheat and summer maize increased significantly under high fertilizer in sandy fluvo-aquic soil and yellow-cinnamon soil. However, there was no significant increase in clay fluvo-aquic soil and black soil.【Conclusion】The higher nutrient supply ability, lower effect of fertilization on crop yield and lower fertilizer use efficiency were found in the higher productivity soil types. While there was a contrary rule in the lower productivity soil types. Therefore, attention should be made to increase soil nutrient and decrease fertilizer application in the clay fluvo-aquic soil and black soil with high fertility, while increase fertilizer application in the sandy fluvo-aquic soil and yellow-cinnamon soil with low fertility to increase soil productivity constantly.

Key words: soil type, winter wheat-summer maize rotation system, yield, nutrient accumulation, soil nutrient supply, fertilizer use efficiency

HUANG Xiao-ting, ZHAO Ya-li, YANG Yan, ZHANG Xing, ZHANG Mou-biao, LI Chao-hai. Effects of Fertilization on Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System in Different Soil Types[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(16): 3140-3151.

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