中国南方水稻土酸化演变特征及影响因素

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.23.022

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this research was to illustrate evolution characteristics of acidification in paddy soil of southern China and to understand the main reasons of soil acidification, which will help farmers to reduce and control soil acidification rate in these areas by rational fertilization. 【Method】We collected monitoring data from 20 sites located in Jiangsu, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan and Yunnan Province in southern China to evaluate soil acidification characteristics of paddy soils and to analyze cause for soil acidification.【Result】Significant soil acidification was observed in paddy soils from 1988 to 2013 with the acidification of decreasing 0.59 pH of soils and average rate of 0.023 pH unit/a. There was phased characteristic of paddy soil acidification. Paddy soils average pH declined significantly during first 14 years with an average pH rate of 0.051pH unit/a. And there was no significant soil acidification in last 10 years. Further, increasing chemical nitrogen (N) rate leaded to paddy soil serious acidification. There was a negative correlation between the chemical fertilizer rate, chemical N rate and soil pH value. Soil pH of paddy soils declined 0.65 unit with chemical N rate increasing every 100 kg·hm^-2. Decreasing organic fertilizer rate accelerated paddy soil acidification significantly. Soil pH of paddy soils decreasing 0.51 was observed with each reducing 100 kg·hm^-2 of organic fertilizer application. Soil total N and available N contents have negative correlations with soil pH value, which soil pH decline about 0.1 with more 100 mg·kg^-1 of soil total N and available N.【Conclusion】In southern China, paddy soils have significant acidification in last 25 years, and with phased characteristics of soil acidification. Significant acidification was in the earlier 10 years and soil pH is stable in the latest 10 years. Reducing the application rate of chemical nitrogen fertilizers and increasing organic fertilizers, is an effective practices for preventing acidification in paddy soils of southern China.

Key words: paddy soil, soil acidification, long-term fertilization, nitrogen fertilizer, soil pH

ZHOU Xiao-yang, ZHOU Shi-Wei, XU Ming-gang, Colinet Gilles. Evolution Characteristics and Influence Factors of Acidification in Paddy Soil of Southern China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(23): 4811-4817.

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