Abstract: 【Objective】This research was conducted to reveal the stability difference and dynamic of maize yield in the Northeast Black Soil region of China, and to provide scientific references for establishing the optimal fertilization pattern and promoting the sustainable production of maize.【Method】Based on the long-term experiment on Black Soil fertility and fertilizer efficiency in Gongzhuling city of Jilin province, the respond of maize yield and soil nutrient to eight fertilization patterns were analyzed: non-fertilization (CK), application of single chemical NP (NP), application of single chemical NK (NK), application of single chemical PK (PK), application of single chemical NPK (NPK), mixed application of low amounts of chemical fertilizer and manure (M₁NPK), chemical fertilizer plus maize straw (SNPK), and mixed application of high amount chemical fertilizer and manure M₂NPK).【Result】It was discovered that maize yield in chemical fertilizer plus organic manure treatments showed a significant increasing trend. There were no significant differences in average yields among the M₁NPK, SNPK, and NPK treatments, in which the same N amounts were applied. The NPK treatment had a higher maize yield than the M₁NPKand SNPK treatments in the first eleven years, but the result was the opposite in the recent fourteen years. Maize average yields of chemical fertilizer treatments showed an order of NPK＞NP＞NK＞PK and CK during a 25 year period. The yield effects of chemical fertilizers N, P, and K were 33.0, 16.2, and 5.3 kg·kg^-1 respectively. The application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer had a higher sustainable yield index (SYI) from 0.712 to 0.798, but the SYI was very low in imbalance fertilization and no fertilizer treatments. The coefficient variation (CV) of maize yield was greater in the CK, PK, or NK treatments, which ranged from 18.5% to 34.7%, while the organic and inorganic fertilizer treatments had a lower CV of between 10.8%-13.0%. The average productivity contribution was 37.8%, 91.2% in the PK and NPK treatments respectively, and there were no significant differences in the productivity contribution among the M₁NPK, SNPK, and NPK treatments. Addition of organic fertilizer increased the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in soils. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus were very significantly positively correlated with yield (P＜0.01), but available potassium was significantly positively correlated with yield (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】The stability of maize yield and soil productivity contribution decreased in the non-fertilization and partly applied chemical fertilizer treatments. A balanced application of chemical fertilizer improved the stability and sustainability of maize yield. A mixed application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could significantly increase yield. The treatments of M1NPK and SNPK could effectively save energy and reduce emission, as well as increase the stability of maize yield. Replacing chemical fertilizer N input with organic fertilizer N proved to be a feasible method for fertilization measures in the Black Soil region of Northeast China.

Key words: black soil, long-term fertilization, maize grain yield trend, yield stability