长期施肥对砂姜黑土作物产量及土壤物理性质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.23.019

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 Maintaining and improving soil fertility, in order to improve soil productivity, is an important part of the sustainable development of agriculture. The effects of long-term combined applications of chemical fertilizer with cow manure (CM), pig manure (PM), and wheat straw (WS) on crop yields and physical properties were investigated in a lime concretion black soil to explore the mechanism of soil fertility improvement. 【Method】The crop yield and soil physical properties in seven treatments composed of chemical fertilizer and combined applications of chemical fertilizer with CM, PM, WS from a long-term experimental field established in 1982 were studied to evaluate the effects of different fertilization treatments on crop yield and soil physical properties of lime concretion black soil in the Mengcheng county of Anhui province. 【Result】The wheat and soybean yield of the treatment without fertilization in the long-term continuously decreased, and the average annually decreasing rates were 39.0 kg·hm^-2 and 70.9 kg·hm^-2, respectively. The yield of wheat and soybean fluctuated at a very low level after 25 years. The wheat yield of the treatments with a single chemical fertilizer or a combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic material showed an increasing trend. The yield of the treatments with a combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic material increased when compared to the treatment that applied a single chemical fertilizer; the average annual yield increase rate was above 5%. The yield-increasing effect of cow manure was better than pig manure, and of pig manure was better than straw. The interannual fluctuation range of wheat and soybean yield was large, the coefficient of variation (CV) of the treatment without fertilization was the highest, while applied fertilizer could decrease CV. The CV of the treatment with a combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic material was lower than the single chemical fertilizer treatment. The long-term combined application of cow manure, pig manure, and wheat straw with chemical fertilizer could decrease the soil bulk density, and significantly improve soil field water-holding capacity. The yields of wheat and soybean were significantly positively correlated with soil field water-holding capacity, but negatively with soil bulk density. 【Conclusion】The long-term balanced application of single chemical fertilizer or the combined application of organic material and chemical fertilizer could improve soil fertility, wheat yield showed an increasing trend. The combined application of organic material and chemical fertilizer could improve crop yields, decrease yield variation, and improve soil physical properties, suggesting that it is an effective fertilization mode to improve soil physical quality and soil fertility in lime concretion black soil area.

Key words: long-term fertilization, lime concretion black soil, crop yield, wheat, soybean, soil physical property

WANG Dao-zhong, HUA Ke-ke, GUO Zhi-bin. Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Crop Yield and Soil Physical Properties in Lime Concretion Black Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(23): 4781-4789.

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