Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (22): 4840-4850.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.22.011

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Response of Nematode Community to Soil Disturbance After Long-Term No-Tillage Practice in the Black Soil of Northeast China

ZHANG MengTing1,3(),LIU Ping1,HUANG DanDan1,JIA ShuXia1,ZHANG XiaoKe2,ZHANG ShiXiu1(),LIANG WenJu2,CHEN XueWen1,ZHANG Yan1,LIANG AiZhen1   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102
    2Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016
    3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
  • Received:2020-11-25 Accepted:2021-05-06 Online:2021-11-16 Published:2021-11-19
  • Contact: ShiXiu ZHANG E-mail:zhangmengting@iga.ac.cn;zhangshixiu@iga.ac.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】 To date, the responses of the soil ecosystem stability to soil disturbance after long-term no-tillage practice are still unknown. In this study, soil nematodes were served as a model to study the response of soil nematode community structure to before and after disturbance under a long-term no-tillage practice, so as to provide a scientific support for the rational selection of farming measures in the black soil area of Northeast China.【Method】Two different phases of long-term no-tillage practices, including no-tillage (NT) and disturbed no-tillage (DNT), were set up on a black soil experimental station of Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dehui City, Jilin Province. Before planting the crops, the soil samples collected from the 0-15 cm soil layer were used to isolate and identify the nematodes. Using the conventional tillage (CT) as the control, the effect value (lnR) was calculated to measure the effect size of NT and DNT on the number of genus and the abundance and ecological index of nematodes under different rotation systems (corn-soybean rotation, CS; corn continuous cropping, CC). Principal component analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to determine the composition of soil nematode communities and their driving factors among different tillage practices.【Result】Compared with CT, NT had a positive effect on the abundance of omnivores-predators across crop rotation systems, while DNT significantly (P<0.05) improved the genus number and abundance of bacterivores, the abundance of fungivores and the total nematodes under CS, and exerted negative effects on the genus number and abundance of all nematode trophic groups under CC. The composition of nematode community of NT and DNT was completely different from that of CT, and the main driving factors were total nitrogen content and bulk density, which could explain 10.5% and 11.4% of the variation in nematode community, respectively. In addition, compared with CT, NT significantly (P<0.05) increased the value of structure footprint (Fs) across all crop rotation systems, while DNT significantly (P<0.05) decreased almost all ecological indexes (except the maturity ratio of free-living nematodes to plant-parasitic nematodes, MI/PPI). Furthermore, the decrease degree of ecological index varied with crop rotation systems. CS instead of CC exerted a significant positive effect on MI/PPI. 【Conclusion】Long-term no-tillage practice could form a relatively stable soil nematode community structure in all crop rotation systems. This stability was easily gone away with the soil disturbance, including mouldboard ploughing and the removal of residues. However, crop rotation could mitigate the instability caused by soil disturbance.

Key words: tillage system, rotation system, soil disturbance, nematode community, ecological indices, black soil

Table 1

Soil basic physicochemical properties (mean ± standard error)"

年份Year 轮作方式Rotation 耕作方式Tillage 容重BD (g∙cm-3） 土壤有机碳SOC (g∙kg-1) 全氮TN (g∙kg-1） pH
2012 CC NT 1.31±0.08a 18.86±1.48a 1.85±0.02a 5.73±0.17a
CT 1.03±0.07b 18.00±0.56b 1.65±0.01b 5.95±0.31a
CS NT 1.27±0.04a 17.27±0.53c 1.70±0.01b 5.98±0.22a
CT 1.10±0.07b 16.90±0.33d 1.65±0.01b 6.11±0.10a
2018 CC DNT 1.13±0.03a 17.84±0.26ab 1.64±0.03a 5.29±0.04ab
CT 1.20±0.03a 18.62±0.27a 1.69±0.01a 5.17±0.02b
CS DNT 1.12±0.01a 18.11±0.57ab 1.64±0.06a 5.17±0.08ab
CT 1.11±0.03a 17.30±0.09b 1.60±0.03a 5.42±0.01a

Fig. 1

Effect sizes of long-term no-tillage or disturbed no-tillage on the number of nematode genera Total: Total nematodes; Ba: Bacterivores; Fu: Fungivores; OP: Omnivores-predators; PP: Plant-parasites; CC: Corn continuous cropping; CS: Corn-soybean rotation. **,* Indicate significance levels at P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively. CC significance is marked on the left, and CS significance is marked on the right. The same as Fig. 2"

Fig. 2

Effect sizes of long-term no-tillage or disturbed no-tillage on nematode abundance"

Fig. 3

Principal component analysis (PCA) of the relationship between nematode genera and samples A: Long-term no-tillage stage; B: Long-term no-tillage stage after disturbance. The name of the nematode genus is replaced by the first four letters of the full name. If the first four letters are the same, they are numbered in the order of Attached Table 1.The full name of nematode genus can be seen in Attached Table 1. The same as Fig. 4. CTCC: Conventional tillage with corn continuous cropping; CTCS: Conventional tillage with corn-soybean rotation; NTCC: No-till with corn continuous cropping; NTCS: No-till with corn-soybean rotation; DNTCC: Disturbed no-tillage with corn continuous cropping; DNTCS: Disturbed no-tillage with corn-soybean rotation"

Fig. 4

Redundancy analysis (RDA) of the relationship between nematode genera and soil physiochemical properties BD: Bulk density; SOC: Soil organic carbon; TN: Total nitrogen"

Fig. 5

Effect sizes of long-term no-tillage or disturbed no-tillage on nematode ecological indices CC: corn continuous cropping; CS: corn-soybean rotation. **,* Indicate significance levels at P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively. CC significance is marked on the left, and CS significance is marked on the right"

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