长期施肥下黑土活性氮和有机氮组分变化特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.23.012

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study is to research characteristics of fractions of active nitrogen and organic nitrogen and their relationship under long-term different fertilization, and to provide a scientific basis for evaluating soil fertility and improving fertilization management and in the black soil (Typic hapludoll).【Method】A long-term experiment with various fertilizations was carried out during 1979-2014 in a rotation system with wheat (Triticum Aestivium) -soybean (Glycine max) -maize (Zea mays) in black soil of northeastern China. The experiment consisted of five treatments: non-fertilization (CK), PK fertilizer (PK), NPK fertilizer (NPK), horse manure (M), horse manure plus NPK fertilizer (MNPK). Soil soluble organic nitrogen (SON), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and organic nitrogen fractions were measured by the extraction-subtraction method, fumigation-extraction method and acid hydrolysis-distillation method (Bremner method), respectively.【Result】The contents of fractions of active nitrogen and organic nitrogen were not affected by long-term application of NPK fertilizers. Compared with NPK, the contents of SON in horse manure application (M) and chemical fertilizers application combined with horse manure (MNPK) increased by 34.7% and 56.2%, while MBN increased by 89.8% and 144.7%, respectively. Compared with CK and NPK, long-term horse manure application (M and MNPK) significantly increased the contents of ammonia N (AN), amino acid N (AAN), amino sugar N (ASN) and hydrolysable unknown N (HUN) by 23.3%-29.1%, 19.2%-33.2%, 30.6%-47.6% and 20.2%-32.0%, respectively. However, the content of non-hydrolysable N (NHN) was not changed under different fertilization treatments. The contents of different forms of organic nitrogen fractions in all treatments displayed an order of NHN＞AAN＞AN＞HUN＞ASN. Compared with NPK, long-term application of M and MNPK increased the proportion of total hydrolysable N accounted for total nitrogen by 6.4% and 9.9%, respectively. A significant positive correlation between soil total nitrogen (TN), SON, MBN and acid hydrolysable organic nitrogen (AHON) fractions, and the effects of AAN, HUN and AN on both SON and MBN were the most. 【Conclusion】The changes of soil nitrogen content was closely related to fertilization measures. Long-term chemical fertilizers application combined with horse manure is an effective way for increasing various forms of nitrogen content and improving supply capacity of soil nitrogen. AAN, HUN and AN were the major contributors to the active nitrogen in black soil.

Key words: long-term fertilization, active nitrogen, organic nitrogen fraction, combined application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer, black soil

HAO Xiao-yu, MA Xing-zhu, GAO Zhong-chao, CHEN Miao-miao, ZHOU Bao-ku. Variation Characteristics of Fractions of Active Nitrogen and Organic Nitrogen Under Different Long-Term Fertilization Practices in Black Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(23): 4707-4716.

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