长期施肥下黑土活性氮和有机氮组分变化特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.23.012

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study is to research characteristics of fractions of active nitrogen and organic nitrogen and their relationship under long-term different fertilization, and to provide a scientific basis for evaluating soil fertility and improving fertilization management and in the black soil (Typic hapludoll).【Method】A long-term experiment with various fertilizations was carried out during 1979-2014 in a rotation system with wheat (Triticum Aestivium) -soybean (Glycine max) -maize (Zea mays) in black soil of northeastern China. The experiment consisted of five treatments: non-fertilization (CK), PK fertilizer (PK), NPK fertilizer (NPK), horse manure (M), horse manure plus NPK fertilizer (MNPK). Soil soluble organic nitrogen (SON), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and organic nitrogen fractions were measured by the extraction-subtraction method, fumigation-extraction method and acid hydrolysis-distillation method (Bremner method), respectively.【Result】The contents of fractions of active nitrogen and organic nitrogen were not affected by long-term application of NPK fertilizers. Compared with NPK, the contents of SON in horse manure application (M) and chemical fertilizers application combined with horse manure (MNPK) increased by 34.7% and 56.2%, while MBN increased by 89.8% and 144.7%, respectively. Compared with CK and NPK, long-term horse manure application (M and MNPK) significantly increased the contents of ammonia N (AN), amino acid N (AAN), amino sugar N (ASN) and hydrolysable unknown N (HUN) by 23.3%-29.1%, 19.2%-33.2%, 30.6%-47.6% and 20.2%-32.0%, respectively. However, the content of non-hydrolysable N (NHN) was not changed under different fertilization treatments. The contents of different forms of organic nitrogen fractions in all treatments displayed an order of NHN＞AAN＞AN＞HUN＞ASN. Compared with NPK, long-term application of M and MNPK increased the proportion of total hydrolysable N accounted for total nitrogen by 6.4% and 9.9%, respectively. A significant positive correlation between soil total nitrogen (TN), SON, MBN and acid hydrolysable organic nitrogen (AHON) fractions, and the effects of AAN, HUN and AN on both SON and MBN were the most. 【Conclusion】The changes of soil nitrogen content was closely related to fertilization measures. Long-term chemical fertilizers application combined with horse manure is an effective way for increasing various forms of nitrogen content and improving supply capacity of soil nitrogen. AAN, HUN and AN were the major contributors to the active nitrogen in black soil.

Key words: long-term fertilization, active nitrogen, organic nitrogen fraction, combined application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer, black soil

HAO Xiao-yu, MA Xing-zhu, GAO Zhong-chao, CHEN Miao-miao, ZHOU Bao-ku. Variation Characteristics of Fractions of Active Nitrogen and Organic Nitrogen Under Different Long-Term Fertilization Practices in Black Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(23): 4707-4716.

References

[1] Xu Y C, Shen Q R, Ran W. Content and distribution of forms of organic N in soil and particle size fractions after long-term fertilization. Chemosphere, 2003, 50(6): 739-745.

[2] 文启孝, 程励励. 土壤有机氮的化学本性. 土壤学报, 2002, 39(增刊): 90-99.

Wen Q X, Cheng L L. The chemical nature of soil organic nitrogen. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2002, 39(Suppl.): 90-99. (in Chinese)

[3] 巨晓棠, 刘学军, 张福锁. 长期施肥对土壤有机氮组成的影响. 中国农业科学, 2004, 37(1): 87-91.

Ju X T, Liu X J, Zhang F S. Effects of long-term fertilization on soil organic nitrogen fractions. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2004, 37(1): 87-91. (in Chinese)

[4] Ju X T, Liu X J, Zhang F S, Christie P. Effect of long-term fertilization on organic nitrogen forms in a calcareous alluvial soil on the North China Plain. Pedosphere, 2006, 16(2): 224-229.

[5] 高强, 唐艳凌, 巨晓棠, 赵明宪. 长期不同施肥处理对土壤活性氮库的影响. 水土保持学报, 2009, 23(2): 95-98, 114.

Gao Q, Tang Y L, Ju X T, Zhao M X. Effect of long-term fertilization on soil reactive nitrogen pool. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2009, 23(2): 95-98, 114. (in Chinese)

[6] Jones D L, Shannon D, Murphy D V, Farrar J. Role of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in soil N cycling in grassland soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2004,36: 749-756.

[7] Liang B, Kang L Y, Ren T, Li J L, Chen Q, Wang J G. The impact of exogenous N supply on soluble organic nitrogen dynamics and nitrogen balance in a greenhouse vegetable system. Journal of Environmental Management, 2015, 154: 351-357.

[8] 李玲, 赵西梅, 孙景宽, 夏江宝, 谢文军, 刘京涛, 陆兆华. 造纸废水灌溉对盐碱芦苇湿地土壤活性氮的影响. 土壤通报, 2013, 44(2): 450-454.

Li L, Zhao X M, Sun J K, Xia J B, Xie W J, Liu J T, Lu Z H. Effects of papermaking wastewater irrigation on soil active nitrogen in saline-alkaline reed wetlands. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2013, 44(2): 450-454. (in Chinese)

[9] 赵士诚, 曹彩云, 李科江, 仇少君, 周卫, 何萍. 长期秸秆还田对华北潮土肥力、氮库组分及作物产量的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(6): 1441-1449.

Zhao S C, Cao C Y, Li K J, Qiu S J, Zhou W, He P. Effects of long-term straw return on soil fertility, nitrogen pool fractions and crop yields on a fluvo-aquic soil in North China. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2014, 20(6): 1441-1449. (in Chinese)

[10] Kwon H Y, Hudsonb R J M, Mulvaneyb R L. Characterization of the organic nitrogen fraction determined by the Illinois soil nitrogen test. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2008, 73(3): 1033-1043.

[11] Gentile R, Vanlauwe B, Chivenge P, Six J. Trade-offs between the short- and long-term effects of residue quality on soil C and N dynamics. Plant and Soil, 2011, 338: 159-169.

[12] Reddy K S, Singh M, Tripathi A K, Singh M, Saha M N. Changes in amount of organic and inorganic fractions of nitrogen in an Eutrochrept soil after long-term cropping with different fertilizer andorganic manure inputs. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2003, 166: 232-238.

[13] 高晓宁, 韩晓日, 刘宁, 左仁辉, 吴正超, 杨劲峰. 长期定位施肥对棕壤有机氮组分及剖面分布的影响. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42(8): 2820-2827.

Gao X N, Han X R, Liu N, Zuo R H, Wu Z C, Yang J F. Effects of long-term fertilization on organic nitrogen forms and their distribution in profile of a brown soil. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009, 42(8): 2820-2827. (in Chinese)

[14] 肖伟伟, 范晓晖, 杨林章, 孙波. 长期定位施肥对潮土有机氮组分和有机碳的影响. 土壤学报, 2009, 46(2): 274-281.

Xiao W W, Fan X H, Yang L Z, Sun B. Effects of long-term fertilization on organic nitrogen fractions and organic carbon in fluv-aquic soil. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2009, 46(2): 274-281. (in Chinese)

[15] 王媛, 周建斌, 杨学云. 长期不同培肥处理对土壤有机氮组分及氮素矿化特性的影响. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(6): 1173-1180.

Wang Y, Zhou J B, Yang X Y. Effects of different long-term fertilization on the fractions of organic nitrogen and nitrogen mineralization in soils. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(6): 1173-1180. (in Chinese)

[16] 李树山, 杨俊诚, 姜慧敏, 张建峰, 李玲玲, 张水勤, 潘攀, 郭俊娒, 刘恋. 有机无机肥氮素对冬小麦季潮土氮库的影响及残留形态分布. 农业环境科学学报, 2013, 32(6): 1185-1193.

Li S S, Yang J C, Jiang H M, Zhang J F, Li L L, Zhang S Q, Pan P, Guo J M, Liu L. Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer on nitrogen pool and distribution of residual N fractions in fluvo-aquic soil under the winter wheat system. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2013, 32(6): 1185-1193. (in Chinese)

[17] 郝晓晖, 刘守龙, 童成立, 苏以荣, 吴金水, 胡荣桂. 长期施肥对两种稻田土壤微生物量氮及有机氮组分的影响. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40(4): 757-764.

Hao X H, Liu S L, Tong C L, Su Y R, Wu J S, Hu R G. The influence of long-term fertilization on microbial biomass nitrogen and organic nitrogen fractions in paddy soil. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2007, 40(4): 757-764. (in Chinese)

[18] Schmidta B H M, Kalbitzb K, Brauna S, Fuß R, McDowelle W H, Matzner E. Microbial immobilization and mineralization of dissolved organic nitrogen from forest ?oors. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2011, 43: 1742-1745.

[19] 骆坤, 胡荣桂, 张文菊, 周宝库, 徐明岗, 张敬业, 夏平平. 黑土有机碳、氮及其活性对长期施肥的响应. 环境科学, 2013, 34(2): 676-684.

Luo K, Hu R G, Zhang W J, Zhou B K, Xu M G, Zhang J Y, Xia P P. Response of black soils organic carbon, nitrogen and its availability to long term fertilization. Environmental Science, 2013, 34(2): 676-684. (in Chinese)

[20] 郝小雨, 周宝库, 马星竹, 高中超. 长期不同施肥措施下黑土作物产量与养分平衡特征. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(16): 178-185.

Hao X Y, Zhou B K, Ma X Z, Gao Z C. Characteristics of crop yield and nutrient balance under different long-term fertilization practices in black soil. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(16): 178-185. (in Chinese)

[21] 鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法. 北京: 中国农业科学技术出版社, 2000: 157-163.

Lu R K. Agrochemical Analysis of Soil. Beijing: China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2000: 157-163. (in Chinese)

[22] Chen C R, Xu Z H, Zhang S L, Keay P. Soluble organic nitrogen pools in forest soils of subtropical Australia. Plant and Soil, 2005, 277: 285-297.

[23] Bremner J M. Organic forms of nitrogen//Black C A. ed. Methods of Soil Analysis. Agronomy 9. Madison, Wisconsin, USA: American Society of Agronomy Incorporation, 1965: 1238-1255.

[24] 林启美, 吴玉光, 刘焕龙. 熏蒸法测定土壤微生物量碳的改进. 生态学杂志, 1999, 18(2): 63-66.

Lin Q M, Wu Y G, Liu H L. Modification of fumigation extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass carbon. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 1999, 18(2): 63-66. (in Chinese)

[25] Lundquiat E J, Scow K M, Jackson L E, Uesugic S L, Johnsond C R. Rapid response of soil microbial communities from conventional low input, and organic farming system to a wet/dry cycle. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 1999, 31: 1666-1675.

[26] Chilima J, Huang G Y, Wu C F. Microbial biomass carbon trends in black and red soils under single straw application: Effect of straw placement, mineral N addition and tillage. Pedosphere, 2002, 12(1): 59-72.

[27] Zhang W J, Xu M G, Wang B R, Wang X J. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and grain yields under long-term fertilizations in the upland red soil of southern China. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2009, 84: 59-69.

[28] 朱兆良. 中国土壤氮素研究.土壤学报, 2008, 45(5): 778-783.

Zhu Z L. Research on soil nitrogen in China. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2008, 45(5): 778-783. (in Chinese)

[29] 岳现录, 冀宏杰, 张认连, 林而达, 廖上强, 张维理. 华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系秋季一次基施牛粪氮素损失与利用研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17(3): 592-599.

Yue X L, Ji H J, Zhang R L, Lin E D, Liao S Q, Zhang W L. Nitrogen loss and use efficiency of one-time basal application of cattle manure in autumn to a winter wheat-summer maize cropping system on the North China Plain. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2011, 17(3): 592-599. (in Chinese)

[30] 邵兴芳, 徐明岗, 张文菊, 黄敏, 周显, 朱平, 高洪军. 长期有机培肥模式下黑土碳与氮变化及氮素矿化特征. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(2): 326-335.

Shao X F, Xu M G, Zhang W J, Huang M, Zhou X, Zhu P, Gao H J. Changes of soil carbon and nitrogen and characteristics of nitrogen mineralization under long-term manure fertilization practices in black soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2014, 20(2): 326-335. (in Chinese)

[31] Long G Q, Jiang Y J, Sun B. Seasonal and inter-annual variation of leaching of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen under long-term manure application in an acidic clay soil in subtropical China. Soil and Tillage Research, 2015, 146: 270-278.

[32] Zhou J B, Chen X L, Zhang Y L, Liu J L. Nitrogen released from different plant residues of the Loess Plateau and their additions on contents of microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen in soil. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(3): 123-128.

[33] Chapman P J, Williams B L, Hawkins A. Influence of temperature and vegetation cover on soluble inorganic and organic nitrogen in a spodosol. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2001, 33(7/8): 1113-1121.

[34] 王斌, 陈亚明, 周志宇. 贺兰山西坡不同海拔梯度上土壤氮素矿化作用的研究. 中国沙漠, 2007, 27(3): 483-490.

Wang B, Chen Y M, Zhou Z Y. Study of soil nitrogen mineralization at different altitudes on western slopes of Helan Mountains, China. Journal of Desert Research, 2007, 27(3): 483-490. (in Chinese)

[35] 井大炜, 邢尚军. 鸡粪与化肥不同配比对杨树苗根际土壤酶和微生物量碳、氮变化的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(2): 455-461.

Jin D W, Xing S J. Effects of chicken manure mixed with inorganic fertilizer on soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass C and N at rhizosphere of poplar seedlings. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2013, 19(2): 455-461. (in Chinese)

[36] Wang Yi, Tu Cong, Cheng L. Long-term impact of farming practices on soil organic carbon and nitrogen pools and microbial biomass and activity. Soil and Tillage Research, 2011, 117: 8-16.

[37] 李菊梅, 李生秀. 可矿化氮与各有机氮组分的关系. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2003, 9(2): 158-164.

Li J M, Li S X. Relation of mineralizable N to organic N components. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2003, 9(2): 158-164. (in Chinese)

[38] Bedadaa W, Karltuna E, Lemenih M. Long-term addition of compost and NP fertilizer increases crop yield and improves soil quality in experiments on smallholder farms. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2014, 195: 193-201.

[39] 杜晓玉, 徐爱国, 冀宏杰, 朱晓晖. 华北地区施用有机肥对土壤氮组分及农田氮流失的影响. 中国土壤与肥料, 2011(6): 13-19.

Du X Y, Xu A G, Ji H J, Zhu X H. Effects of manure on soil nitrogen components and nitrogen loss from farmland in North China. Soils and Fertilizers Sciences in China, 2011(6): 13-19. (in Chinese)

[40] Qualls R G. Comparison of the behavior of soluble organic and inorganic nutrients in forest soils. Forest Ecology and Management, 2000, 138: 29-50.

[41] 党亚爱, 王立青, 张敏. 黄土高原南北主要类型土壤氮组分相关关系研究. 土壤, 2015, 47(3): 490-495.

Dang Y A, Wang L Q, Zhang M. Relationship of components of soil nitrogen for typical soils from north to south on the Loess Plateau. Soils, 2015, 47(3): 490-495. (in Chinese)

[42] 李世清, 李生秀, 邵明安, 郭大勇. 半干旱农田生态系统长期施肥对土壤有机氮组分和微生物体氮的影响. 中国农业科学, 2004, 37(6): 859-864.

Li S Q, Li S X, Shao M A, Guo D Y. Effects of long-term application of fertilizers on soil organic nitrogen components and microbial biomass nitrogen in semiarid farmland ecological system. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2004, 37(6): 859-864. (in Chinese)

[43] 彭佩钦, 仇少君, 童成立, 任秀娥. 长期施肥对水稻土耕层微生物生物量氮和有机氮组分的影响. 环境科学, 2007, 28(8): 1816-1821.

Peng P Q, Qiu S J, Tong C L, Ren X E. Effects of long-term application of fertilizers on soil microbial biomass nitrogen and organic nitrogen components in subtropical paddy soils. Environmental Science, 2007, 28(8): 1816-1821. (in Chinese)

[44] 黄东迈, 朱培立. 有机氮各化学组分在土壤中的转化与分配. 江苏农业学报, 1986, 2(2): 17-25.

Huang D M, Zhu P L. Transformations and distribution of organic N forms in soil. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1986, 2(2): 17-25. (in Chinese)

Related Articles 15

[1]	LI XingYu, HUANG Rong, XIAN YiMing, TIAN JiaoJiao, MA XiaoJin, YANG QiaoXi, LI Bing, WANG ChangQuan. Characteristics of Organic Carbon Fractions and Carbon Dioxide Emissions of Different Size Aggregates in Rice Field Soils in Response to Long-Term Fertilization [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(6): 1255-1271.
[2]	WEI YuanHui, YU YiHui, LI ZiJun, DING WenJie, TU WenLong, MAO YanLing. Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Soil Organic Carbon Structure and Carbon-Fixing Bacterial Community Structure in Yellow-Mud Paddy Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(5): 1020-1033.
[3]	LIU MengYang, LIU Jie, CHEN Xiang, WANG QingYun, LUO LaiChao, QI YongBo, TIAN Da, LI JinCai, CHAI RuShan. Effects of Long-Term Straw Return on Distribution of Aggregates and Phosphorus Fractions in Shajiang Black Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(3): 575-588.
[4]	WANG RenZhuo, LI YueYing, HUANG ShaoMin, JIANG GuiYing, ZHANG Qi, LIU ChaoLin, YANG Jin, WANG MengRu, WANG BeiBei, LIU Fang, GUO DouDou, JIE XiaoLei, SONG Lian, LIU ShiLiang. Effects of Long-Term Combination of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Bacterial Community Structure, Ecological Network, and Key Species in Fluvo-Aquic Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(2): 354-367.
[5]	WANG BingJie, QIN ShiHan, LI DeCheng, HU WenYou, JIANG Jun, CHI FengQin, ZHANG Chao, ZHANG JiuMing, XU YingDe, WANG JingKuan. Spatial Distribution Pattern and Transfer Function Construction of Soil Bulk Density in Nenjiang City, Heilongjiang Province [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(9): 1791-1803.
[6]	BAI YuXin, LIU LingZhi, AN TingTing, LI ShuangYi, WANG JingKuan. Eeffects of Long-Term Fertilization on Bacterial Community Structure and Carbon Metabolic Functions in Brown Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(8): 1579-1590.
[7]	WANG Zhao, ZHANG Bing, DONG SiQi, HU YuXi, QI ShuYu, FENG GuoZhong, GAO Qiang, ZHOU Xue. Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on the Rhizosphere Microbial Community Structure and Function in Black Soil and Sandy Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(3): 520-536.
[8]	MA HeXiao, GE GuoLong, ZHANG XiangQian, LU ZhanYuan, WANG ManXiu, RONG MeiRen, SHI JingJing, ZHANG DeJian, SUN XuePing. Effects of Different Crop Rotation Systems on Soil Readily Oxidized Organic Carbon and Carbon Pool Activity Differences [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(24): 5201-5215.
[9]	YUAN HuiLin, LI YaYing, GU WenJie, XU PeiZhi, LU YuSheng, SUN LiLi, ZHOU ChangMin, LI WanLing, QIU RongLiang. Characterization and Correlation Analysis of Soil Dissolved Organic Matter and Microbial Communities Under Long-Term Application of Fresh and Composted Manure [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(2): 307-325.
[10]	WU Yong, WEN Xue, WANG TianShu, HUANG YanYan, MENG YiLi, JIANG HongYu, BI LiDong, WU HuiJun, YAO ShuiHong. The Influence of Topographic Factors and Ridge Tillage Methods on Soil Nutrients and Fertility Index of Sloping Arable Land in the Black Soil Region [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(18): 3676-3689.
[11]	GUO DouDou, ZHANG KeKe, HUANG ShaoMin, SONG Xiao, ZHANG ShuiQing, YUE Ke, DING ShiJie, GUO TengFei. Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Phosphorus Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of Fluvo-Aquic Soils [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(14): 2805-2820.
[12]	LU Peng, FENG Jia, LI Li, YANG Li, YANG Lei, LÜ DeZhi, XUE YanFei. Phosphorus Fractions in Rhizosphere and Bulk Soil of Wheat and Their Availability Under Long-Term Fertilization [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(12): 2382-2396.
[13]	ZHANG Yang, GAO Yan, ZHANG Yan, HUANG DanDan, CHEN XueWen, ZHANG ShiXiu, LIANG AiZhen. Effects of Residue Return Methods on Nitrogen Mineralization and N-Cycling Functional Genes in Black Soil of Northeast China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(10): 1958-1968.
[14]	DU JiaQi, ZHANG ZiWei, WANG RuoFei, LI Xing, GUO HongYan, YANG Shuo, FENG Cheng, HE TangQing, Giri Bhoopander, ZHANG XueLin. The Interactive Effects of Organic Fertilizer Substituting Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Soil Nitrous Oxide Emission in Shajiang Black Soil and Fluvo-Aquic Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(1): 101-116.
[15]	HU DanDan, SONG HuiJie, DUAN YingHua, WU Yan, HU ZhiHhua, XU XiaoLin, ZHANG WenJu, HE XiaoLin, LIU KaiLou, SU Peng, HUANG QunZhao. Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Nitrogen Surplus and Deficit and Soil Alkali-Hydrolyzed Nitrogen in Red Soil Double-Cropping Rice System [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(24): 4907-4918.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

Comments

Recommended 0

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Variation Characteristics of Fractions of Active Nitrogen and Organic Nitrogen Under Different Long-Term Fertilization Practices in Black Soil

RichHTML

PDF

Cited