长期施肥旱地土壤易分解与耐分解氮的矿化特性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.23.011

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】Labile nitrogen (Lab-N) and recalcitrant nitrogen (Rec-N) are important components of soil organic matter, and their mineralization ability has an effect on organic nitrogen turnover properties. The objective of this study is to research the mineralization characteristics of soil labile and recalcitrant nitrogen under different long-term fertilization, and to provide a basis for different fertilization measures and their nitrogen supplying capacities. 【Method】Using laboratory incubation method, soil labile and recalcitrant nitrogen fractions separated by particle size-density separation method were studied under four treatments, namely no fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilizer (NPK), chemical fertilizer combined with straw (NPKS), and chemical fertilizer combined with manure (NPKM) from two typical long-term experiment sites (black soil and fluvo-aquic soil) in China. 【Result】Results of laboratory sieving and incubation showed that the method was simple and suitable to study the mineralization characteristics of soil labile and recalcitrant nitrogen fractions in which average soil mass recovery and average soil nitrogen recovery were both above 97%, and average mineralization contribution rate (soil labile and recalcitrant nitrogen fractions mineralization amount to that of original soil) was 99.91% (99.89%-99.93%). Net-nitrogen (Net-N) mineralization potential of soil labile nitrogen under treatments of NPK, NPKS and NPKM were higher than that under CK treatments by 26.82%-137.10% (except NPK of black soil). Different fertilizer treatments had a significant influence on Net-N mineralization potential of soil labile nitrogen in black soil and fluvo-aquic soil. The Net-N mineralization potential of soil labile nitrogen in black soil under NPKM treatment was 1.48 mg?kg^-1?d^-1, which was higher compared with NPKS (1.02 mg?kg^-1?d^-1) and NPK (0.75 mg?kg^-1?d^-1). The Net-N mineralization potential of soil labile nitrogen in fluvo-aquic soil under NPKM treatment was 1.17 mg?kg^-1?d^-1, which was higher compared with NPKS (0.89 mg?kg^-1?d^-1) and NPK (0.76 mg?kg^-1?d^-1). The Net-N mineralization potential of soil recalcitrant nitrogen had no significant difference among different fertilizer treatments. The average mineralization potential was 0.58 mg?kg^-1?d^-1(0.52-0.63 mg?kg^-1?d^-1) in black soil and 0.51 mg?kg^-1?d^-1(0.40-0.62 mg?kg^-1?d^-1) in fluvo-aquic soil. The Net-N mineralization potential of soil labile nitrogen was higher than that of soil recalcitrant nitrogen in both black soil and fluvo-aquic soil, and it showed the biggest difference under the NPKM treatment. Among them, the Net-N mineralization potential of soil labile nitrogen was 1.41, 1.39, 1.75, and 2.35 times that of soil recalcitrant nitrogen as the order of CK, NPK, NPKS, and NPKM in black soil, and was 1.22, 1.33, 1.56, and 1.87 times as the same order in fluvo-aquic soil. The mineralization contribution rate of soil labile nitrogen was influenced by different fertilizer measures in this order CK, NPKsignificantly higher than the other treatments. There were no significant differences among the mineralization contribution rate of upland recalcitrant nitrogen under different fertilizer treatments. The average mineralization contribution rates were 86.24% (83.96%-88.51%) in black soil and 88.46% (86.71%-90.20%) in fluvo-aquic soil. 【Conclusion】 The Net-N mineralization potential and mineralization contribution rates of upland soil labile nitrogen were more sensitive to different fertilizer measures than that in upland soil recalcitrant nitrogen. Under different fertilization measures, the Net-N mineralization potential of soil labile nitrogen was significantly higher than that of soil recalcitrant nitrogen, especially for the treatment of NPKM. Long-term application of NPKS or NPKM will improve Net-N mineralization potential and mineralization contribution rate of upland soil. The improvement effect is in the order of NPKM＞NPKS＞NPK.

Key words: liable nitrogen, recalcitrant nitrogen, black soil, fluvo-aquic soil, characteristics of mineralization; long-term fertilization system

WU Hong-liang, YU Wei-shui, ZHU Ping, ZHANG Shui-qing, ZHAO Ya-wen, LIU Jing, WANG Shi-chao, MENG Fan-hua, LU Chang-ai. Mineralization Characteristics of Upland Soil Labile and Recalcitrant Nitrogen Under Long-Term Different Fertilization Systems[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(23): 4698-4706.

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Mineralization Characteristics of Upland Soil Labile and Recalcitrant Nitrogen Under Long-Term Different Fertilization Systems

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