长期定位施肥对潮土剖面养分分布的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.21.014

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Based on the long-term positioning monitoring platform of fertilization experiment, the effects of different fertilization patterns on the soil fertility and spatial distribution of nutrients were studied in fluvo-aquic soil, so as to provide a basis for rational fertilization and scientific fertilization of farmland in the North China Plain. 【Method】 Taking no fertilization (CK) as a control, three treatments with equal nitrogen rate (N 180-225 kg·hm^-2) was conducted since 1986, including chemical fertilizer (F), organic manure (M), and combination of organic manure with chemical fertilizer (MF). Soil pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium of and its spatial distribution were analyzed for every 20 cm depth of soil till 200 cm. 【Result】 After 31 years of continuous fertilization, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium all decreased with the increase of soil depth. As to the equal nitrogen application, the organic matter content under F, M and MF in 0-40 cm was 14.2, 25.6 and 18.2 g·kg^-1, respectively. Compared with F, the organic matter under M and MF were increased by 80.3% and 28.2%, respectively. The total nitrogen content under F, M and MF in 0-40 cm was 0.93, 1.67, and 1.21 g·kg^-1, respectively. M and MF increased total nitrogen by 79.6% and 30.1%, respectively, compared with F. The alkali hydrolysable nitrogen content under F, M and MF in 0-40 cm was 80.2, 120.7, and 83.3 mg·kg^-1, respectively. And compared with F, the growth ratio of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen for M and MF was 50.5% and 3.9%, respectively. The 0-200 cm nitrate nitrogen content of F (21.1 mg·kg^-1) was 3.4 times and 1.8 times as much as that of M (6.2 mg·kg^-1) and MF (11.9 mg·kg^-1), respectively. The available phosphorus of 0-60 cm for M (134.3 mg·kg^-1) and MF (60.5 mg·kg^-1) was 7.2 times and 3.3 times than that of F (18.6 mg·kg^-1), respectively. The available K content under F, M and MF in 0-40 cm was 90, 163, and 89 mg·kg^-1, respectively. Compared with chemical fertilizer, the pH of 0-200 cm soil of long-term application of cattle manure or combination of organic manure with chemical fertilizer showed no significant difference.【Conclusion】 Long-term application of chemical fertilizer had high risk of nitrate leaching, and the content of nitrate nitrogen in the 0-200 cm soil layer was 21.1 mg·kg^-1 under the F treatment, which increased the risk of nitrate nitrogen leaching. Long-term application of organic manure had high risk phosphorus leaching. Although the soil phosphorus concentration was mainly above 60 cm, the available phosphorus content of the 20-40 cm soil was as high as 115 mg·kg^-1and 70 mg·kg^-1 under M and MF treatment, leading to the high potential leaching risks. Combination of organic manure with chemical fertilizer could ensure high yield, and reduce the risk of environmental pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus.

Key words: fluvo-aquic soil, fertilization regimes, soil profile, soil nutrient

WEN YanChen,LI HaiYan,YUAN Liang,XU JiuKai,MA RongHui,LIN ZhiAn,ZHAO BingQiang. Effect of Long-Term Fertilization on Nutrient Distribution of Fluvo-Aquic Soil Profile[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(21): 4460-4469.

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