长期施用有机肥与化肥氮对华北夏玉米N2O和CO2排放的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.21.018

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 Under equal N rates, chemical fertilizer was compared with organic fertilizer in terms of the emission of GHG (CO₂ and N₂O) and GWP to properly understand the contribution of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer in greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in the field. The present research will be helpful in establishing GHG emission reduction measures.【Method】In a 8 year field experiment, CO₂ and N₂O emission flux from the Fluvo-aquic soil of summer maize were measured for 5 months (from June to October in 2014) by using a static chamber-gas chromatograph technique, and GHG effect and total season emission were also estimated. 【Result】Both the chemical fertilizer treatments and the organic fertilizer treatments had similar N₂O emission curves. A temporary peak of N₂O emission flux occurred after fertilization, and then the curves became stable. Under equal N rates, the N₂O flux of chemical fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than that of organic fertilization treatments, but organic fertilization treatments were higher than chemical fertilizer treatments in a stable phase after the peaks. Chemical fertilizer had little influence on CO₂ emission curves. Continuous peaks of CO₂ emission flux occurred after application of organic fertilization. Both the organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can increase the emission of N₂O. The emission of N₂O increased with the increase of nitrogen application. Under equal N rates, total N₂O emissions of chemical fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than organic fertilizer treatments. Application of organic fertilizer significantly increased CO₂ emissions, but the effect of chemical fertilizer on CO₂ emissions were not significant. When the N fertilizer rate was 240 kg·hm^-2, both the chemical fertilizer treatments and organic fertilizer treatments had high level yields and a minimum GHGI, that were 0.27, 0.63 kg·hm^-2. Treatments with a higher N rates than 240 kg·hm^-2 had large GHGI values.【Conclusion】Application of more chemical or organic fertilizer would increase the emission of more greenhouse gas. Due to the carbon sequestration effect of the organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer treatments had smaller GHGI values than chemical fertilizer treatments, the suitable rate of organic fertilizer was an important solution to sequestrate carbon and reduced GHG emission.

Key words: organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, CO₂, N₂O, GHGI, summer maize

LI Yan-qing, TANG Ji-wei, CHE Sheng-guo, WEN Yan-chen, SUN Wen-yan, ZHAO Bing-qiang. Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Emission of CO₂ and N₂O from the Summer Maize Field in the North China Plain[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(21): 4381-4389.

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Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Emission of CO₂ and N₂O from the Summer Maize Field in the North China Plain