Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2015, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (12): 2379-2389.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.12.011

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Water Stress at Different Growth Stages on the Development and Yields of Winter Wheat in Arid Region

YAO Ning 1, 2, SONG Li-bing 1, 2, LIU Jian1, 2, FENG Hao 1, 2, 3, WU Shu-fang1, 2, HE Jian-qiang 1, 2   

  1. 1 College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
    2 Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
    3 Institute of Water and Soil Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
  • Received:2014-11-12 Online:2015-06-16 Published:2015-06-16

Abstract: 【Objective】 To investigate the influences of water stress at different growth stages on the growth and yields of winter wheat, field experiments were conducted under a rainout shelter during two seasons of 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. The dynamic changes of several eco-physical characteristics of wheat growth were measured and compared, including height, leaf area index, phenology, biomass, and yield. 【Method】 The whole growth season of wheat was divided into five growing stages (wintering, greening, jointing, heading, and grain filling). Water stress occurred at two continuous stages, while irrigations were applied at other stages, which resulted in four different levels of stress period (D1-D4). Two irrigation levels of 40 mm (I1) and 80 mm (I2) were applied. A total of eight treatments, with three replicates for each, followed a split-plot experiment design. An extra control treatment with irrigation at all five stages was arranged beside.【Result】The results showed that normal growth and development of wheat could be obviously influenced by continuous water stress given at vegetative stages. The height, LAI and biomass were the worst for all treatments, when water stress occurred at the stages of wintering and greening. However, the negative influences on wheat growth were not notable when water stress occurred after jointing stage. The average growth rate of height and LAI after jointing was about ten times as that before jointing. There were no notable differences of biomass between all of the treatments until the jointing stage. The biomass values of treatments with water stresses at wintering and greening stages were remarkably lower than other treatments. The irrigation later could not recover these serious biomass losses. Water stress could shorten the whole growth season of wheat, with a maximal 5-day advancing of maturation. At the same irrigation level, the heading and flowering stages could be delayed for 1-3 days for different levels of stress period. For the same irrigation level, relatively higher numbers of productive ears and seeds per ear could be obtained when water stress occurred at the heading and grain filling stages, but with a lower thousand-kernel weight. On the contrary, a relatively higher thousand-kernel weight could be achieved when irrigation was applied at the heading and grain filling stages, but with lower numbers of productive ears and seeds per ear. For irrigation levels of I1 and I2, yields were the lowest when water stress occurred at wintering and greening stages, which was only 42% of the control treatment. However, the treatments with the highest yield were different for different irrigation levels. For I1, it was the treatment with water stress at jointing and heading stages that had the highest yield, or about 63% of the control treatment. For I2, it was the treatment with water stress at greening and jointing stages, which had a yield of about 75% of the control treatment. 【Conclusion】There was a clear interaction between the intensity and occurring stage of water stress. In general, the greening and filling stages were the critical periods of water demand for winter wheat. Reasonable irrigation managements are needed at these two growth stages to guarantee a higher yield of winter wheat in arid region.

Key words: winter wheat, water stress, growth stage, phenology, biomass, yield

[1]    王文佳, 冯浩. 基于CROPWAT-DSSAT关中地区冬小麦需水规律及灌溉制度研究. 中国生态农业学报, 2012, 20(6): 795-802.
Wang W J, Feng H. Water requirement and irrigation systems of winter wheat: CROPWAT-DSSAT model solution in Guanzhong District. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2012, 20(6): 795-802. (in Chinese)
[2]    程宪国, 汪德水, 张美荣, 周涌, 金轲, 郭世昌, 王自力, 王书子. 不同土壤水分条件对冬小麦生长及养分吸收的影响. 中国农业科学, 1996, 29(4): 67-74.
Cheng X G, Wang D S, Zhang M R, Zhou Y, Jin K, Guo S C, Wang Z L,Wang S Z. Effects of different soil moisture condition on winter wheat growth and nutrient uptake. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 1996, 29(4): 67-74. (in Chinese)
[3]    王俊儒, 李生秀. 不同生育时期水分有限亏缺对冬小麦产量及其构成因素的影响. 西北植物学报, 2000, 20(2): 193-200.
Wang J R, Li S X. Effect of water-limited deficit stress in different growth stages on winter wheat grain yields and their yield constituents. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2000, 20(2): 193-200. (in Chinese)
[4]    申孝军, 孙景生, 刘祖贵, 张俊鹏, 刘小飞. 灌水控制下限对冬小麦产量和品质的影响. 农业工程学报, 2011, 26(12): 58-65.
Shen X J, Sun J S, Liu Z G, Zhang J P, Liu X F. Effects of low irrigation limits on yield and grain quality of winter wheat. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2011, 26(12): 58-65. (in Chinese)
[5]    胡梦芸, 张正斌, 徐萍, 董宝娣, 李魏强, 李景娟. 亏缺灌溉下小麦水分利用效率与光合产物积累运转的相关研究. 作物学报, 2007, 33(10): 1711-1719.
Hu M Y, Zhang Z B, Xu P, Dong B D, Li W Q, Li J J. Relationship of water use efficiency with photoassimilate accumulation and transport in wheat under deficit irrigation. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2007, 33(10): 1711-1719. (in Chinese)
[6]    刘晓英, 罗远培, 石元春. 水分胁迫后复水对冬小麦叶面积的激发作用. 中国农业科学, 2001, 34(4): 422-428.
Liu X Y, Luo Y P, Shi Y C.The stimulating effects of rewatering in subjecting to water stress on leaf area of winter wheat. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2001, 34(4): 422-428. (in Chinese)
[7]    金善宝. 中国小麦学. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1996.
Jin S B. China Wheat. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1996. (in Chinese)
[8]    吴少辉, 高海涛. 干旱对冬小麦粒重形成的影响及灌浆特性分析. 干旱地区农业研究, 2002, 20(2): 49-51.
Wu S H, Gao H T. Analysis on the effect of drought on the grain weight grow and the character of the grain filling of winter wheat. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2002, 20(2): 49-51. (in Chinese)
[9]    房稳静, 张雪芬, 郑有飞. 冬小麦灌浆期干旱对灌浆速率的影响. 中国农业气象, 2006, 27(2): 98-101.
Fang W J, Zhang X F, Zheng Y F. Influence of drought on filling velocity of winter wheat during filling period. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2006, 27(2): 98-101. (in Chinese)
[10]   Innes P, Blackwell R. The effect of drought on the water use and yield of two spring wheat genotypes. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 1981, 96(3): 603-610.
[11]   Çakir R. Effect of water stress at different development stages on vegetative and reproductive growth of corn. Field Crops Research, 2004, 89(1): 1-16.
[12]   Claassen M, Shaw R H. Water deficit effects on corn. I. grain components. Agronomy Journal, 1970, 62(5): 652-655.
[13]   Doorenbos J, Kassam A H. Yield Response to Water. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1979.
[14]   王晨阳, 郭天财, 彭羽, 朱云集, 马冬云, 张灿军. 花后灌水对小麦籽粒品质性状及产量的影响. 作物学报, 2004, 30(10): 1031-1035.
Wang C Y, Guo T C, Peng Y, Zhu Y J, Ma D Y, Zhang C J. Efects of post-anthesis irrigation on grain quality indices and yield in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2004, 30(10): 1031-1035. (in Chinese)
[15]   胡继超, 曹卫星, 姜东, 罗卫红. 小麦水分胁迫影响因子的定量研究. 作物学报, 2004, 30(4): 315-320.
Hu J C, Cao W X, Jiang D, Luo W H. Quantification of water stress factor for crop growth simulation. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2004, 30(4): 315-320. (in Chinese)
[16]   陈晓远, 罗远培. 开花期复水对受旱冬小麦的补偿效应研究. 作物学报, 2001, 27(4): 512-516.
Chen X Y, Luo Y P. Study on the compensatory effect of rewatering during the flowering stage after previous water stress in winter wheat. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2001, 27(4): 512-516. (in Chinese)
[17]   Ozturk A, Aydin F. Effect of water stress at various growth stages on some quality characteristics of winter wheat. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 2004, 190(2): 93-99.
[18]   Igbadun H E, Tarimo A K, Salim B A, Mahoo H F. Evaluation of selected crop water production functions for an irrigated maize crop. Agricultural Water Management, 2007, 94(1): 1-10.
[19]   English M. Deficit irrigation. I: analytical framework. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 1990, 116(3): 399-412.
[20]   Kirda C, Kanber R, Tulucu K. Yield Response of Cotton, Maize, Soybean, Sugar Beet, Sunflower and Wheat to Deficit Irrigation// Crop Yield Response to Deficit Irrigation. Boston, MA:Kluwer Academic Publication, 1999: 21-38.
[21]   蔡焕杰, 康绍忠. 作物调亏灌溉的适宜时间与调亏程度的研究. 农业工程学报, 2000, 16(3): 24-27.
Cai H J, Kang S Z. Proper growth stages and deficit degree of crop regulated deficit irrigation. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2000, 16(3): 24-27. (in Chinese)
[22]   Fereres E, Soriano M A. Deficit irrigation for reducing agricultural water use. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2007, 58(2): 147-159.
[23]   Zhang H, Oweis T. Water-yield relations and optimal irrigation scheduling of wheat in the Mediterranean region. Agricultural Water Management, 1999, 38(3): 195-211.
[24]   Kang S Z, Zhang L, Liang Y L, Hu X T, Cai H J, Gu B J. Effects of limited irrigation on yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in the Loess Plateau of China. Agricultural Water Management, 2002, 55(3): 203-216.
[25]   孟兆江, 贾大林, 刘安能, 庞鸿宾, 王和洲, 陈金平. 调亏灌溉对冬小麦生理机制及水分利用效率的影响. 农业工程学报, 2003, 19(4): 66-69.
Meng Z J, Jia D L, Liu A N, Pang H B, Wang H Z, Chen J P. Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on physiological mechanis mand water use efficiency of winter wheat. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2003, 19(4): 66-69. (in Chinese)
[26]   山仑. 节水农业与作物高效用水. 河南大学学报: 自然科学版, 2003, 33(1): 1-5.
Shan L. Water-saving agriculture and of crop high wfficient use of water. Journal of Henan University:Natural Science, 2003, 33(1): 1-5. (in Chinese)
[27]   张步翀, 李凤民, 齐广平. 调亏灌溉对干旱环境下春小麦产量与水分利用效率的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2007, 15(1): 58-62.
Zhang B C, Li F M, Qi G P. Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on grain yield of spring wheat in an arid environment. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2007, 15(1): 58-62. (in Chinese)
[28]   陈晓远, 罗远培. 不同生育期复水对受旱冬小麦的补偿效应研究. 中国生态农业学报, 2002, 10(1): 35-37.
Chen X Y, Luo Y P. Compensatory effects of water-recovery during different growth durations on winter wheat under water stress. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2002, 10(1): 35-37. (in Chinese)
[29]   孙宏勇, 刘昌明. 不同时期干旱对冬小麦产量效应和耗水特性研究. 灌溉排水学报, 2003, 22(2): 13-16.
Sun H Y, Liu C M. Effects of water stress in different growth stage on water consumption and yield in winter wheat. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2003, 22(2): 13-16. (in Chinese)
[30]   肖俊夫, 刘战东, 段爱旺, 刘祖贵, 李晓东. 不同灌水处理对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响研究. 灌溉排水学报, 2006, 25(2): 20-23.
Xiao J F, Liu Z D, Duan A W, Liu Z G, Li X D. Studies on effects of irrigation systems on the grain yield constituents and water use efficiency of winter wheat. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2006, 25(2): 20-23. (in Chinese)
[31]   刘小飞, 孙景生, 王景雷, 刘祖贵, 张寄阳, 张俊鹏, 梁媛媛. 冬小麦喷灌水量与产量关系研究. 安徽农业科学, 2008, 36(2): 475-476, 513.
Liu X F, Sun J S, Wang J L, Liu Z G, Zhang J Y, Zhang J P, Liang Y Y. Study on the relationship between the sprinkling water volume and the yield of winter wheat. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2008, 36(2): 475-476, 513. (in Chinese)
[32]   武永利, 刘文平, 马雅丽, 班胜林. 山西冬小麦作物需水量近45年变化特征. 安徽农业科学, 2009, 37(16): 7380-7383.
Wu Y L, Liu W P, Ma Y L, Ban S L. Study on characteristics of winter wheat water requirements in 45 years in Shanxi. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2009, 37(16): 7380-7383. (in Chinese)
[33]   谭念童, 林琪, 姜雯, 刘义国, 李玲燕. 限量灌溉对旱地小麦旗叶光合特性日变化和产量的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2011, 19(4): 805-811.
Tan N T, Lin Q, Jiang W, Liu Y G, Li L Y. Effect of limited irrigation on diurnal variation in flag-leaf photosynthesis and yield of dryland wheat. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2011, 19(4): 805-811. (in Chinese)
[34]   夏国军, 阎耀礼, 程水明, 高松洁, 罗毅. 旱地冬小麦水分亏缺补偿效应研究. 干旱地区农业研究, 2001, 19(1): 80-83.
Xia G J, Yan Y L, Cheng S M, Gao S J, Luo Y. Research on compensatory effects to water deficits on dryland winter wheat. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2001, 19(1): 80-83. (in Chinese)
[1] ZHANG XiaoLi, TAO Wei, GAO GuoQing, CHEN Lei, GUO Hui, ZHANG Hua, TANG MaoYan, LIANG TianFeng. Effects of Direct Seeding Cultivation Method on Growth Stage, Lodging Resistance and Yield Benefit of Double-Cropping Early Rice [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(2): 249-263.
[2] YAN YanGe, ZHANG ShuiQin, LI YanTing, ZHAO BingQiang, YUAN Liang. Effects of Dextran Modified Urea on Winter Wheat Yield and Fate of Nitrogen Fertilizer [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(2): 287-299.
[3] XU JiuKai, YUAN Liang, WEN YanChen, ZHANG ShuiQin, LI YanTing, LI HaiYan, ZHAO BingQiang. Nitrogen Fertilizer Replacement Value of Livestock Manure in the Winter Wheat Growing Season [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(2): 300-313.
[4] WANG CaiXiang,YUAN WenMin,LIU JuanJuan,XIE XiaoYu,MA Qi,JU JiSheng,CHEN Da,WANG Ning,FENG KeYun,SU JunJi. Comprehensive Evaluation and Breeding Evolution of Early Maturing Upland Cotton Varieties in the Northwest Inland of China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(1): 1-16.
[5] ZHAO ZhengXin,WANG XiaoYun,TIAN YaJie,WANG Rui,PENG Qing,CAI HuanJie. Effects of Straw Returning and Nitrogen Fertilizer Types on Summer Maize Yield and Soil Ammonia Volatilization Under Future Climate Change [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(1): 104-117.
[6] ZHANG Wei,YAN LingLing,FU ZhiQiang,XU Ying,GUO HuiJuan,ZHOU MengYao,LONG Pan. Effects of Sowing Date on Yield of Double Cropping Rice and Utilization Efficiency of Light and Heat Energy in Hunan Province [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(1): 31-45.
[7] XIONG WeiYi,XU KaiWei,LIU MingPeng,XIAO Hua,PEI LiZhen,PENG DanDan,CHEN YuanXue. Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Levels on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of Spring Maize in Sichuan Province [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(9): 1735-1748.
[8] LI YiLing,PENG XiHong,CHEN Ping,DU Qing,REN JunBo,YANG XueLi,LEI Lu,YONG TaiWen,YANG WenYu. Effects of Reducing Nitrogen Application on Leaf Stay-Green, Photosynthetic Characteristics and System Yield in Maize-Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(9): 1749-1762.
[9] GUO ShiBo,ZHANG FangLiang,ZHANG ZhenTao,ZHOU LiTao,ZHAO Jin,YANG XiaoGuang. The Possible Effects of Global Warming on Cropping Systems in China XIV. Distribution of High-Stable-Yield Zones and Agro-Meteorological Disasters of Soybean in Northeast China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(9): 1763-1780.
[10] WANG HaoLin,MA Yue,LI YongHua,LI Chao,ZHAO MingQin,YUAN AiJing,QIU WeiHong,HE Gang,SHI Mei,WANG ZhaoHui. Optimal Management of Phosphorus Fertilization Based on the Yield and Grain Manganese Concentration of Wheat [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(9): 1800-1810.
[11] GUI RunFei,WANG ZaiMan,PAN ShengGang,ZHANG MingHua,TANG XiangRu,MO ZhaoWen. Effects of Nitrogen-Reducing Side Deep Application of Liquid Fertilizer at Tillering Stage on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Fragrant Rice [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(8): 1529-1545.
[12] LIAO Ping,MENG Yi,WENG WenAn,HUANG Shan,ZENG YongJun,ZHANG HongCheng. Effects of Hybrid Rice on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency: A Meta-Analysis [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(8): 1546-1556.
[13] LI Qian,QIN YuBo,YIN CaiXia,KONG LiLi,WANG Meng,HOU YunPeng,SUN Bo,ZHAO YinKai,XU Chen,LIU ZhiQuan. Effect of Drip Fertigation Mode on Maize Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Economic Benefit [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(8): 1604-1616.
[14] WANG YangYang,LIU WanDai,HE Li,REN DeChao,DUAN JianZhao,HU Xin,GUO TianCai,WANG YongHua,FENG Wei. Evaluation of Low Temperature Freezing Injury in Winter Wheat and Difference Analysis of Water Effect Based on Multivariate Statistical Analysis [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(7): 1301-1318.
[15] QIN YuQing,CHENG HongBo,CHAI YuWei,MA JianTao,LI Rui,LI YaWei,CHANG Lei,CHAI ShouXi. Increasing Effects of Wheat Yield Under Mulching Cultivation in Northern of China: A Meta-Analysis [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(6): 1095-1109.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!