辽西半干旱区垄膜沟种方式对春玉米水分利用和产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.10.005

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 Spring corn was the staple crop in Liaoxi area, but the shortage of precipitation and the big precipitation variation and its uneven distribution of time and space are the key limiting factor in the area. The limited rainfall can not meet the demand of stable and high yield of spring corn. Ridge film mulching and furrow seeding can collect natural precipitation effectively and improve rainfall resource availability. The purpose of this study is to make full use of the limited natural rainfall, improve water use efficiency of dry farming area and promote high and stable yield of spring corn.【Method】 Micro- rainwater-collecting planting mode by ridge film mulching and furrow seeding for spring corn was carried out for the sake of studying the effect of different planting patterns on soil water, yield and water use efficiency in 2007-2013. Four treatments were made in this experiment: ridge film mulching and furrow seeding (furrow was uncovered, T1), ridge film mulching and furrow straw mulching (T2), ridge and furrow film mulching (T3) and the traditional planting (CK). The experiment was designed by random grouping and repeated three times. The traditional planting was sowing in furrows, line spacing was 50 cm. Ridges and furrows of ridge film mulching and furrow seeding were in opposite arrangement, furrow width was 80 cm and ridge width was 40 cm, ridge height was 15 cm. The ridge was the rain collecting area. The furrow was the planting area and two lines of corn were planted. Planting density of different treatments was 52 500 plants/hm2. Seed manure was diammonium phosphate（375 kg•hm-2, N 18%, P2O5 46%）and topdressing was urea (375 kg•hm-2, N 46%).【Result】 The results showed that the ridge film mulching and furrow seeding could collect natural rainwater effectively, raise emergence rate of spring corn by 13.0% and 14.9% and emergence time was 1-2 d early in 2009-2010. Under the condition of no effective rainfall for a long time in early days, the order of increase of soil water storage in different treatments was T2＞T1＞CK＞T3 after an effective rainfall. T1 and T2 enhanced water infiltration depth to 60㎝ in planting area compared with the control, which was 40 cm. The runoff efficiency was 61% and the rate of increase of soil moisture storage of T1 and T2 was 72% and 88%. The average of soil water of T1, T2, T3 and the control was 135.27 mm, 140.93 mm, 127.85 mm and 118.98 mm during growth stages of spring corn, increased by 13.69%, 18.45% and 7.46%, respectively, compared with the control. The yield of T1-T3 increased by 24.31%-32.58%, 9.95%-17.81%, 32.12%-37.16%, 16.58%-27.96%, 2.50%-9.40%, 10.85%-29.33% and 4.14%-17.95% in 2007-2013, the average production of T1, T2 and T3 increased by 14.52%, 20.01% and 23.44% compared with the control. The water use efficiency of T1-T3 increased by 24.66%-36.07%, 14.12%-23.73%, 38.34%-53.89%, 29.07%-35.68%, 1.20%-19.60% and 9.02%-32.55%, the average of water use efficiency of T1, T2 and T3 increased by 20.39%, 27.94% and 28.02% compared with the control. It was also found that the effect of increase of yield and water use efficiency was significant under lower rainfall.【Conclusion】 The effect of Micro- rainwater-collecting planting mode by ridge film mulching and furrow seeding in dry farmland on rainwater harvesting, water storage and soil moisture conservation was definite after 7 years of study in semi-arid region in Liaoxi area. The technique could mitigate the negative impact of drought on spring sowing and seedlings growth in spring and enrich the theoretical basis of the rain-harvesting agriculture of dry farming in the area. By application and dissemination of the technique, it could improve rainfall resources utilization and water use efficiency and promote stable and high yield of spring corn and healthy and sustainable development of dry farming in the area. The study will provide important references for development of the rain-harvesting agriculture of dry farming in the north of China.

Key words: semiarid region , spring corn , ridge film mulching and furrow seeding , yield , water use efficiency

XIAO Ji-Bing-1, SUN Zhan-Xiang-2, JIANG Chun-Guang-1, LIU Zhi-1, ZHENG Jia-Ming-2, FENG Liang-Shan-2. Effect of Ridge Film Mulching Technique and Furrow Seeding of Spring Corn on Water Use and Yield in Semi-Arid Region in Liaoxi Area[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(10): 1917-1928.

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