不同玉米-大豆带状套作组合条件下光合有效辐射强度分布特征对大豆光合特性和产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.08.005

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 Intercropping, an agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops in the same space at the same time, is an old and commonly used cropping practice which aims to match efficiently crop demands for the available growth resources and labor. Cereal and legume intercropping, as one of the multiple cropping systems, has played a very important role in China. However, because of the different canopies between maize and soybean which influences the PAR distribution within relay strip intercropping system, and it not only decreases the light interception but also bad to development of the intercropped soybean, thus resulting in limited photosynthetic characteristics of intercropped soybean which restricts the productivity of maize-soybean relay strip intercropping systems. Therefore, there is a need for exploration of an optimum spatial-temporal configuration management for this system based on competition so that light resources requirement of soybean can be realized in this system. 【Method】 An experiment with soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivar Gongxuan1 and maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars Denghai 605, Chuandan 418 and Yayu 13 was conducted. The relay strip intercropping systems were designed as soybean intercropping with Denghai 605 (A), Chuandan 418 (B) and Yayu13 (C), and soybean monoculture was used as control (CK). Distribution characteristics of light, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of soybean were studied in maize/soybean relay strip intercropping systems in order to optimize the reasonable group configuration. 【Result】 The PAR density and transmittance varied considerably by different maize-soybean relay strip intercropping systems, and lower than CK significantly (P＜0.05). During the co-growth stage of maize and soybean, the PAR density occurred in treatment A was higher than that in treatments B and C by 54.4% and 90.7%, respectively. The transmittance occurred in treatment A was higher than that in treatments B and C by 7.4% and 17.7% significantly. This means that the configuration of Denghai 605+Gongxuan 1 could improve the PAR density and transmittance in relay strip intercropping system. The Pn, Gs and Ci of intercropped soybean varied considerably in different maize-soybean relay strip intercropping systems. The Pn of treatment A was higher than treatments B and C significantly. Treatments B and C was lower than that in treatment A by 14.16% and 27.23%, Gs of treatment A was higher than that in treatments B and C by 14.6% and 40.4%. The Ci in treatment A was higher than that in treatments B and C by 8.5% and 16.9%. A positive correlation of Pn and Gs was significantly (0.883**), which means that Gs might be the main factor due to the Pn decreased. The contents of Chla, Chlb and Chl(a+b) of intercropped soybean were improved by different maize-soybean relay strip intercropping systems, and the ratio of Chla/b decreased significantly. During the stages of V3, V5 and R1, the content of Chla of treatment C was higher than that in treatments A and B by 5.42%, 10.2%, 5.9% and 3.08%, 4.9%, 3.3%. The content of Chlb of treatment C was higher than that in treatments A and B by 14.4%, 14.9%, 11.73% and 7.8%, 7%, 5.74%. The content of Chl(a+b) of treatment C was higher than that in treatments A and B by 7.27%, 11.1%, 7% and 4.08%, 5.35%, 3.8%, respectively. However, the changing trend of the Chla/b was inverse. The photosynthetic pigment of soybean in different maize-soybean relay strip intercropping systems increased because of the influence of intensified low light, and it is not only beneficial to capture more light but also have a compassion for the low light stress so as to with improve the light use efficiency. The LAI and dry matter weight of soybean in all intercropping systems were lower than monoculture significantly (P<0.05), and varied considerably in different maize and soybean relay strip intercropping systems. This study shown that the LAI of treatments A was higher than treatments B and C, the treatment C was the lowest, and the dry matter weight of treatments B and C was lower than that in treatment A by 35.4% and 57.1%. A positive correlation of LAI and dry matter weight was significantly (0.977**). The results indicate that the compact maize decreased the effect of low light stress on soybean, and increased the LAI and light interception of intercropped soybean and resulted in the improvement of dry matter weight. The yield and yield component of soybean were varied considerably in all of the maize-soybean relay strip intercropping systems. This study shown that the Pods per plant of treatment A was higher than treatments B and C by 11.28% and 32.75%, the seeds per plant of treatment A was higher than treatments B and C by 5.19% and 13.34%, the seeds per pod of treatment A was higher than treatments B and C by 6.4% and 22.5%, Seeds weight per plant of treatment A was higher than treatments B and C by 2.16% and 6.22%. This means that the yield of intercropped soybean decreased as influenced by the intensified low light stress. 【Conclusion】 Suitable plant type configuration could improve radically light conditions, photosynthetic efficiency and yield of relay strip intercropping soybean.

Key words: maize/soybean relay strip intercropping , light distribution , photosynthetic characteristics , yield

CUI Liang, SU Ben-Ying, YANG Feng, YANG Wen-Yu. Effects of Photo-synthetically Active Radiation on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Soybean in Different Maize/Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping Systems[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(8): 1489-1501.

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Effects of Photo-synthetically Active Radiation on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Soybean in Different Maize/Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping Systems

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