Co-applying mild alternate wetting and drying with biochar synergistically improves rice yield and quality

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2026.02.015

Advanced Online Publication | Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search

Haotian Chen^1,², Yunyi Gu^1,², Shengkai Yang^1,², Xiaohan Zhong^1,², Meijie Jia^1,², Wei Cai^1,², Kuanyu Zhu^1,², Junfei Gu^1,², Kaifeng Huang³,Hao Zhang^1,², Zhiqin Wang^1,², Zujian Zhang^1,², Lijun Liu^1,², Jianhua Zhang^4,⁵,Weiyang Zhang^1,²^#

¹Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/ Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

²Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

³School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China

⁴Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China

⁵The State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China

Highlights

Co-application of mild AWD and biochar significantly increased rice grain yield.

Co-application of mild AWD and biochar comprehensively improved rice grain quality by enhancing source–sink coordination and starch biosynthesis.

A minimum soil water potential of −10 to −15 kPa at a depth of 15–20 cm was identified as the optimal threshold for mild AWD in rice production.

Abstract
References

Download: PDF in ScienceDirect
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要

为应对水资源短缺与优质稻米需求增长的双重挑战，本研究探讨了轻干湿交替（Mild AWD）灌溉与小麦秸秆生物炭联合应用对水稻产量及籽粒品质的协同效应。本研究于2023−2024年开展了为期两年的大田试验，供试材料为杂交稻品种“甬优2640”。设置两种灌溉模式：传统水层灌溉（CF）和轻干湿交替灌溉（在土壤15−20 cm深处水势为−10到−15 kPa时复水），每种灌溉模式下设施用生物炭（10 t ha⁻¹）一次性施用与不施用处理。结果表明，与CF相比，Mild AWD与生物炭联合应用使2023年和2024年的产量分别显著提高了18.7%和13.4%。同时，该联合处理还系统改善了稻米品质，体现为加工品质提升（整精米率提高23.1%−24.6%）、外观品质改善（垩白度降低36.4%−38.2%）、蒸煮食味品质优化（峰值黏度更高、糊化温度与糊化焓降低）及营养品质增强（谷蛋白含量增加、醇溶蛋白含量以及淀粉消化率降低）。这些改善主要归因于根系活力与叶片光合速率的协同增强，促进了光合同化物在营养器官的积累以及向籽粒的转运。此外，关键淀粉合成酶活性的提高进一步促进了淀粉的生物合成与积累，为产量和品质的协同改善提供了生理基础。本研究还明确了土壤15−20 cm深度水势在−10至−15 kPa是实施Mild AWD灌溉的最佳阈值。该研究为高产优质水稻协同栽培提供了一项具有规模化应用潜力的种植方案。

Abstract

To address the dual challenges of water scarcity and rising demand for premium rice, this study investigated the synergistic effects of mild alternate wetting and drying (Mild AWD) irrigation combined with wheat straw biochar application on rice yield and grain quality. A two-year field experiment (2023–2024) was conducted with the hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou 2640, with two irrigation regimes: continuous flooding (CF) and Mild AWD (re-irrigation at a soil water potential of −10 to −15 kPa at 15–20 cm depth), with or without a one-time biochar application (10 t ha^-1). The results showed that co-application of Mild AWD and biochar significantly increased grain yield by 18.7% in 2023 and 13.4% in 2024 compared to CF alone. It also comprehensively improved grain quality: milling quality (head rice rate increased by 23.1–24.6%), appearance quality (chalkiness reduced by 36.4–38.2%), cooking and eating quality (higher peak viscosity, lower gelatinization temperature and enthalpy), and nutritional quality (increased glutelin and decreased prolamin content and starch digestion). These improvements were attributed to enhanced root activity alongside leaf photosynthetic rate, which promotes the accumulation of photoassimilates in vegetative organs and their translocation to grains. Moreover, elevated activities of key starch synthases further enhanced starch biosynthesis and accumulation, which underpinned the improved yield and superior quality. We also identified that a minimum soil water potential of −10 to −15 kPa at a depth of 15–20 cm represents the optimal threshold for mild AWD in rice production. This research provides a cultivation approach for synergistically producing high-yield, high-quality rice, which shows promising potential for scalable implementation.

Keywords: water-saving irrigation biochar rice yield quality

Online: 10 February 2026

Fund:

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32372214), the National Key Research and Development Program (2022YFD2300304), the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund, China (CX(23)1035), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (PAPD-2020-01), and the Top Talent Supporting Program of Yangzhou University, China.

About author: #Correspondence Weiyang Zhang, E-mail: wyz@yzu.edu.cn

	Service
	E-mail this article
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors

Cite this article:

Haotian Chen, Yunyi Gu, Shengkai Yang, Xiaohan Zhong, Meijie Jia, Wei Cai, Kuanyu Zhu, Junfei Gu, Kaifeng Huang, Hao Zhang, Zhiqin Wang, Zujian Zhang, Lijun Liu, Jianhua Zhang, Weiyang Zhang. 2026. Co-applying mild alternate wetting and drying with biochar synergistically improves rice yield and quality. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Doi:10.1016/j.jia.2026.02.015

Ali I, Zhao Q, Wu K, Ullah S, Iqbal A, Liang H, Zhang J, Muhammad I, Amanullah, Khan A, Khan A A, Jiang L. 2022. Biochar in combination with nitrogen fertilizer is a technique: To enhance physiological and morphological traits of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by improving soil physio-biochemical properties. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 4406–2420.

Aznan A, Viejo C G, Pang A, Fuentes S. 2023. Review of technology advances to assess rice quality traits and consumer perception. Food Research International, 172, 113105.

Bo Y, Wang X, Groenigen K J V, Linquist B A, Müller C, Li T, Yang J, Jägermeyr J, Qin Y, Zhou F. 2024. Improved alternate wetting and drying irrigation increases global water productivity. Nature Food, 5, 1005–1013.

Bradford M M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72, 248–254.

Cao S, Liu B, Wang D, Rasheed A, Xie L, Xia X, He Z. 2024. Orchestrating seed storage protein and starch accumulation toward overcoming yield-quality trade-off in cereal crops. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 66, 468–483.

Carrijo D R, Akbar N, Reis A F B, Li C, Gaudin A C M, Parikh S J, Green P G, Linquist B A. 2018. Impacts of variable soil drying in alternate wetting and drying rice systems on yields, grain arsenic concentration and soil moisture dynamics. Field Crops Research, 222, 101–110.

Carrijo D R, Lundy M E, Linquist B A. 2017. Rice yields and water use under alternate wetting and drying irrigation: A meta-analysis. Field Crops Research, 203, 173–180.

Chen H, Jia M, Luo S, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu K, Wang W, Xu Y, Gu J, Zhang H, Wang Z, Liu L, Zhang J, Yang J, Zhang W. 2025a. Controlled soil drying mitigates the effects of high-temperature stress on rice quality by enhancing starch accumulation and stabilizing starch structure and functional properties. Carbohydrate Polymers, 362, 123688.

Chen H, Luo S, Ma Y, Jia M, Cai W, Liu Y, Zhu K, Wang W, Xu Y, Gu J, Zhang H, Wang Z, Liu L, Zhang J, Yang J, Zhang W. 2025b. Brassinosteroids regulate amylose more sensitively than amylopectin: Essential for high-amylose premium rice. Food Chemistry, 493, 146021.

Chen L, Guo L, Deng X, Pan X, Liao P, Xiong Q, Gao H, Wei H, Dai Q, Zeng Y, Zhang H. 2023. Effects of biochar on rice yield, grain quality and starch viscosity attributes. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 103, 5747–5753.

Chen M, McClung A M, Rohila J S, Barnaby J Y. 2021. Effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation management and air temperature during grainfill on rice grain physicochemical and functionality traits of US inbred varieties. Cereal Chemistry, 98, 980–993.

Chen P, Liu J, Zhao X. 2023. Demand elasticity estimation and market potential of middle and high-end rice in China: A case study of the Yangtze River delta market. Chinese Journal oF Rice Science, 37, 102-112. (in Chinese)

Chi W, Nan Q, Liu Y, Dong D, Qin Y, Li S, Wu W. 2024. Stress resistance enhancing with biochar application and promotion on crop growth. Biochar, 6, 43.

Chu G, Chen T, Wang Z, Yang J, Zhang J. 2014. Reprint of “Morphological and physiological traits of roots and their relationships with water productivity in water-saving and drought-resistant rice”. Field Crops Research, 165, 36–48.

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2024. Land and water statistics. [2024-8-9]. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC

Gao R, Zhuo L, Duan Y, Yan C, Yue Z, Zhao Z, Wu P. 2024. Effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation on yield, water-saving, and emission reduction in rice fields: A global meta-analysis. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 353, 110075.

Gebre B A, Zhang C, Li Z, Sui Z, Corke H. 2024. Impact of starch chain length distributions on physicochemical properties and digestibility of starches. Food Chemistry, 435, 137641.

Gong D, Xu X, Wu L A, Dai G, Zheng W, Xu Z. 2020. Effect of biochar on rice starch properties and starch-related gene expression and enzyme activities. Scientific Reports, 10, 16917.

Han S, Liu X, Makowski D, Ciais P. 2025. Meta-analysis of water stress impact on rice quality in China. Agricultural Water Management, 307, 109230.

He C, Deng F, Yuan Y, Huang X, He Y, Li Q, Li B, Wang L, Cheng H, Wang T, Tao Y, Zhou W, Lei X, Chen Y, Ren W. 2024. Appearance, components, pasting, and thermal characteristics of chalky grains of rice varieties with varying protein content. Food Chemistry, 440, 138256.

He H, Long L, Fu Z. 2024. Improving rice quality through biochar application in China: A meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental Management, 371, 122701.

He W, Wang L, Lin Q, Yu F. 2021. Rice seed storage proteins: Biosynthetic pathways and the effects of environmental factors. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 63, 1999–2019.

Hu N, Qi W, Zhu J, Zhao F, Zheng M, Zhao C, Yan J, Liu J. 2025. Effect of endogenous protein on starch before and after post-harvest ripening of corn: Structure, pasting, rheological and digestive properties. Food Chemistry, 473, 143039.

Huang M, Li L, Cheng X, Qiu R, Wang Y, Zhou X, Zong X. 2025. Study on the influence mechanism of endogenous protein components on the characteristics of distiller's grains starch. Food Chemistry, 486, 144689.

Ishfaq M, Akbar N, Zulfiqar U, Ali N, Ahmad M, Anjum S A, Farooq M. 2021. Influence of water management techniques on milling recovery, grain quality and mercury uptake in different rice production systems. Agricultural Water Management, 243, 106500.

Ishfaq M, Farooq M, Zulfiqar U, Hussain S, Akbar N, Nawaz A, Anjum S A. 2020. Alternate wetting and drying: A water-saving and ecofriendly rice production system. Agricultural Water Management, 241, 106363.

Itoh H, Yamashita H, Wada K C, Yonemaru J. 2024. Real-time emulation of future global warming reveals realistic impacts on the phenological response and quality deterioration in rice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 121, e2316497121.

Jenkins D J A, Wolever T M S, Jenkins A L. 1988. Starchy foods and glycemic index. Diabetes Care, 11, 149–159.

Jin P, Chen Z, Wang H, Lv R, Hu T, Zhou R, Zhang J, Lin X, Liu Q, Xie Z. 2024. 12-year continuous biochar application: Mitigating reactive nitrogen loss in paddy fields but without rice yield enhancement. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 375, 109223.

Kumar A, Bhattacharya T, Shaikh W A, Roy A, Chakraborty S, Vithanage M, Biswas J K. 2023. Multifaceted applications of biochar in environmental management: A bibliometric profile. Biochar, 5, 11.

Li W, Yang K, Hu C, Abbas W, Zhang J, Xu P, Cheng B, Zhang J, Yin W, Shalmani A, Qu L, Lv Q, Li B, He Y, Lai X, Xiong L, Zhang Q, Li Y. 2025. A natural gene on-off system confers field thermotolerance for grain quality and yield in rice. Cell, 188, 3661-3678.e21.

Li Z, Li Z, Letuma P, Zhao H, Zhang Z, Lin W, Chen H, Lin W. 2018. A positive response of rice rhizosphere to alternate moderate wetting and drying irrigation at grain filling stage. Agricultural Water Management, 207, 26–36.

Lin L, Zhang L, Cai X, Liu Q, Zhang C, Wei C. 2018. The relationship between enzyme hydrolysis and the components of rice starches with the same genetic background and amylopectin structure but different amylose contents. Food Hydrocoll, 84, 406–413.

Liu X, Ciais P, Makowski D, Liang J. 2024. Warming leads to lower rice quality in East Asia. Geophysical Research Letters, 51, e2024GL110557.

Lu X, Ma R, Zhan J, Wang F, Tian Y. 2022. The role of protein and its hydrolysates in regulating the digestive properties of starch: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 125, 54–65.

Ma Z, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Chen X, Cao J, Liu G, Li G, Wei H, Zhang H. 2024. Effect of starch and protein on eating quality of japonica rice in Yangtze River Delta. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 261, 129918.

MacNeill G J, Mehrpouyan S, Minow M A A, Patterson J A, Tetlow I J, Emes M J. 2017. Starch as a source, starch as a sink: The bifunctional role of starch in carbon allocation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 68, 4433–4453.

Niu T, Zheng G, Jiang Y, Zhao T, Zhang L, Zhong W, Li M, Chen L, Zhou J, Xie B. 2018. Effects of biochar on yield and quality of kengeng 5. China Rice, 24, 76–79. (in Chinese)

Peng B, Kong H, Li Y, Wang L, Zhong M, Sun L, Gao G, Zhang Q, Luo L, Wang G, Xie W, Chen J, Yao W, Peng Y, Lei L, Lian X, Xiao J, Xu C, Li X, He Y. 2014. OsAAP6 functions as an important regulator of grain protein content and nutritional quality in rice. Nature Communications, 5, 4847.

Peng B, Liu Y, Sun X, Zhao Q, Qiu J, Tian X, Peng J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Huang Y, Pang R, Zhou W, Qi Y, Sun Y, Wang Q, He Y. 2024. The OsGAPC3 mutation significantly affects grain quality traits and improves the nutritional quality of rice. Frontiers in Plant Science, 15, 1470316.

Prathap V, Ali K, Singh A, Vishwakarma C, Krishnan V, Tyagi A. 2019. Starch accumulation in rice grains subjected to drought during grain filling stage. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 142, 440–451.

Purakayastha T J, Bera T, Bhaduri D, Sarkar B, Mandal S, Wade P, Kumari S, Biswas S, Menon M, Pathak H, Tsang D C W. 2019. A review on biochar modulated soil condition improvements and nutrient dynamics concerning crop yields: Pathways to climate change mitigation and global food security. Chemosphere, 227, 345–365.

Bin Rahman A N M R, Zhang J H. 2023. Trends in rice research: 2030 and beyond. Food and Energy Security, 12, e390.

Ramasamy S, ten Berge H F, Purushothaman S. 1997. Yield formation in rice in response to drainage and nitrogen application. Field Crops Research, 51, 65–82.

Shi L, Zou Z, Zhu C, Wang H, Lin L, Wang J, Wei C. 2024. Structures, gelatinization properties and enzyme hydrolyses of starches from transparent and floury grains of rices subjected to field natural extreme high temperature. Food Chemistry, 459, 140392.

Tollefson J. 2021. IPCC climate report: Earth is warmer than it’s been in 125,000 years. Nature, 596, 171–172.

Tomczyk A, Sokołowska Z, Boguta P. 2020. Biochar physicochemical properties: Pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 19, 191–215.

Tuong T P, Bouman B A. 2003. Rice production in water-scarce environments. [2003-8-6]. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851996691.0053

Wang D, Li C, Parikh S J, Scow K M. 2019. Impact of biochar on water retention of two agricultural soils-A multi-scale analysis. Geoderma, 340, 185–191.

Xiao Z, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Zhu K, Wang W, Zhang W, Gu J, Zhang G, Liu L, Zhang J, Yan X, Zhang H. 2025. Synergistic mechanism of moderate wetting drying irrigation improving rice productivity and environmental sustainability. Field Crops Research, 332, 110035.

Xu Y, Gu D, Li K, Zhang W, Zhang H, Wang Z, Yang J. 2019. Response of grain quality to alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation in rice. Crop Science, 59, 1261–1272.

Xu Y, Huang Y, Weng X, Traye I D, Tang S, Jiang X, Zhu K, Zhang W, Zhang H, Wang Z, Yang J. 2025. Cooking and eating quality of rice as affected by nitrogen fertilizers and alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation at panicle stage. Agricultural Water Management, 318, 109715.

Yang C, Lu S. 2021. Effects of five different biochars on aggregation, water retention and mechanical properties of paddy soil: A field experiment of three-season crops. Soil and Tillage Research, 205, 104798.

Yang J, Zhang J. 2010. Grain-filling problem in ‘super’rice. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61, 1–5.

Yang J, Zhou Q, Zhang J. 2017. Moderate wetting and drying increases rice yield and reduces water use, grain arsenic level, and methane emission. The Crop Journal, 5, 151–158.

Yang T, Xiong R, Tan X, Huang S, Pan X, Guo L. 2022. The impacts of post-anthesis warming on grain yield and quality of double-cropping high-quality indica rice in Jiangxi Province, China. European Journal of Agronomy, 139, 126551.

Yoshida S, Forno D A, Cock J H, Gomez K. 1976. Laboratory Manual for Physiological Studies of Rice. International Rice Research Institute, The Philippines.

Yu Q, Dai Y, Wei J, Wang J, Liao B, Cui Y. 2024. Rice yield and water productivity in response to water-saving irrigation practices in China: A meta-analysis. Agricultural Water Management, 2, 109006.

Zhang C, Zhou L, Zhu Z, Lu H, Zhou X, Qian Y, Li Q, Lu Y, Gu M, Liu Q. 2016. Characterization of grain quality and starch fine structure of two japonica rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars with good sensory properties at different temperatures during the filling stage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 64, 4048–4057.

Zhang H, Zhang Y D, Huang Y, Wang B. 2023. Study on water consumption and growth characteristics of rice under different irrigation modes. Water Saving Irrigation, 4, 25-31. (in Chinese)

Zhang S, Wang R, Jiang H, Zhang L, Zhang J. 2018. Meta-analysis of influence of water stress on China’s paddy yield. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 46, 51-54. (in Chinese)

Zhang W, Meng J, Wang J, Fan S, Chen W. 2013. Effect of biochar on root morphological and physiological characteristics and yield in rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 39, 1445–1451. (in Chinese)

Zhang W, Yu J, Xu Y, Wang Z, Liu L, Zhang H, Gu J, Zhang J, Yang J. 2021. Alternate wetting and drying irrigation combined with the proportion of polymer-coated urea and conventional urea rates increases grain yield, water and nitrogen use efficiencies in rice. Field Crops Research, 268, 108165.

Zhao C, Qiu R, Zhang T, Luo Y, Agathokleous E. 2024. Effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice fields: A meta-analysis. Global Change Biology, 30, e17581.

Zhao D, Zhang C, Li Q, Liu Q. 2022. Genetic control of grain appearance quality in rice. Biotechnology Advances, 60, 108014.

Zhuang D, Si Z, Li F. 2014. Experimental research on water consumption law of paddy under different irrigation mode. Water Saving Irrigation, 8, 1-3, 11. (in Chinese)

[1]	Zhenlong Wang, Pin He, Xuyao Li, Tieshan Liu, Saud Shah, Hao Ren, Baizhao Ren, Peng Liu, Jiwang Zhang, Bin Zhao. *Enhancing yield of modern maize (Zea* mays L.) hybrids through optimization of population photosynthetic capacity and light-nitrogen use efficiency under high planting density**[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(3): 938-951.
[2]	Hao Wu, Wenjiang Jing, Yajun Zhang, Ying Zhang, Weilu Wang, Kuanyu Zhu, Weiyang Zhang, Junfei Gu, Lijun Liu, Jianhua Zhang, Hao Zhang. Optimized application strategy of controlled-release nitrogen improves grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and lodging resistance of rice[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(3): 903-917.
[3]	Lu Zhang, Ze Qu, Yihui Tan, Yao Li, Xinyi Li, Zhipeng Huang, Siyuan Ruan, Shimin Zuo, Fang Liu, Wenxing Hu. Rice stripe virus protein NS3 exploits synergistically insect vector importin and ubiquitin systems to promote viral replication[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(3): 1087-1098.
[4]	Qiaohong Fan, Jingnan Zou, Zhimin Lin, Gui Chen, Wu You, Kai Su, Wenxiong Lin. Underlying mechanisms of high carbon budget surplus in low-stubble rice ratooning in Southeast China[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(3): 918-937.
[5]	Xiaodong Fan, Xiaotao Hu, Yakun Wang, Dianyu Chen, Wene Wang, Fang Wang, Qing Zha. *Deep storage irrigation can recharge farmland deep soil moisture and sustain production of summer maize (Zea* mays L.) through flood resources utilization in irrigation districts of northern China**[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(3): 1243-1262.
[6]	Valensi Kautsar, Takamori Kanno, Kaho Sakai, Riza Kurnia Sabri, Keitaro Tawaraya, Kazunobu Toriyama, Kazuhiko Kobayashi, Weiguo Cheng. Reconstructed organic rice fields: Effects on soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, their mineralization, and rice yield in Japanese Andosols[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(2): 493-500.
[7]	Jingye Cheng, Rui Pan, Wenying Zhang, Tianhua He, Chengdao Li. *An ancient super allele of the Vrs1* gene driving the recent success in modern barley improvement through optimising spike architecture**[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(2): 602-609.
[8]	Xiqiang Li, Yuhong Gao, Zhengjun Cui, Tingfeng Zhang, Shiyuan Chen, Shilei Xiang, Lingling Jia, Bin Yan, Yifan Wang, Lizhuo Guo, Bing Wu . Optimized nitrogen and potassium fertilizers application increases stem lodging resistance and grain yield of oil flax by enhancing lignin biosynthesis[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(2): 659-670.
[9]	Jun Deng, Ke Liu, Xiangqian Feng, Jiayu Ye, Matthew Tom Harrison, Peter de Voil, Tajamul Hussain, Liying Huang, Xiaohai Tian, Meixue Zhou, Yunbo Zhang. Exploring strategies for agricultural sustainability in super hybrid rice using the food–carbon–nitrogen–water–energy–profit nexus framework[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(2): 624-638.
[10]	Md. Zasim Uddin, Md. Nadim Mahamood, Ausrukona Ray, Md. Ileas Pramanik, Fady Alnajjar, Md Atiqur Rahman Ahad. E2ETCA: End-to-end training of CNN and attention ensembles for rice disease diagnosis[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(2): 756-768.
[11]	Zichen Liu, Liyan Shang, Shuaijun Dai, Jiayu Ye, Tian Sheng, Jun Deng, Ke Liu, Shah Fahad, Xiaohai Tian, Yunbo Zhang, Liying Huang. *Optimizing nitrogen application and planting density improves yield and resource use efficiency via* regulating canopy light and nitrogen distribution in rice**[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(1): 81-91.
[12]	Yunji Xu, Xuelian Weng, Shupeng Tang, Xiufeng Jiang, Weiyang Zhang, Kuanyu Zhu, Guanglong Zhu, Hao Zhang, Zhiqin Wang, Jianchang Yang. Alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation improves rice cooking and eating quality by optimizing lipid and fatty acid synthesis in grains[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(1): 68-80.
[13]	Qinghao Wang, Juan Hu, Weizhen Yu, Limin Gu, Peng Liu, Bin Zhao, Wenchao Zhen, Jiwang Zhang, Baizhao Ren. Shading and waterlogging interactions exacerbate summer maize yield losses by reducing assimilate accumulation and remobilization processes[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(1): 92-104.
[14]	Ligong Peng, Sicheng Deng, Wentao Yi, Yizhu Wu, Yingying Zhang, Xiangbin Yao, Pipeng Xing, Baoling Cui, Xiangru Tang. Partial organic fertilizer substitution and water-saving irrigation can reduce greenhouse gas emissions in aromatic rice paddy by regulating soil microorganisms while increasing yield and aroma[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(1): 273-289.
[15]	Chao Zhang, Shanshan Li, Fan Yang, Ruifa Hu. Does the adoption of direct-seeded rice affect pesticide use? Evidence from China [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(1): 366-376.

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

Cite this article:

About JIA

Editorial board

For authors