Cai S Y, Zhao X, Pittelkow C M, Fan M S, Zhang X, Yan X Y. 2023. Optimal nitrogen rate strategy for sustainable rice production in China. Nature, 615, 73–79.
Chapagain A K, Hoekstra A Y. 2011. The blue, green and grey water footprint of rice from production and consumption perspectives. Ecological Economics, 70, 749–758.
Chaudhary A, Gustafson D, Mathys A. 2018. Multi-indicator sustainability assessment of global food systems. Nature Communications, 9, 848.
Chen X P, Cui Z L, Fan M S, Vitousek P, Zhao M, MA W Q, Wang Z L, Zhang W J, Yan X Y, Yang J C, Deng X P, Gao Q, Zhang Q, Guo S W, Ren J, Li S Q, Ye Y L, Wang Z H, Huang J L, Tang Q Y, et al. 2014. Producing more grain with lower environmental costs. Nature, 514, 486–489.
Chen Z D, Xu C C, Ji L, Feng J F, Li F B, Zhou X Y, Fang F P. 2020. Effects of multi-cropping system on temporal and spatial distribution of carbon and nitrogen footprint of major crops in China. Global Ecology and Conservation, 22, e00895.
Choudhury A T M A, Kennedy I R. 2005. Nitrogen fertilizer losses from rice soils and control of environmental pollution problems. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36, 1625–1639.
Deng J, Harrison M T, Liu K, Ye J Y, Xiong X, Fahad S, Huang L Y, Tian X H, Zhang Y B. 2022a. Integrated crop management practices improve grain yield and resource use efficiency of super hybrid rice. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 851562.
Deng J, Sheng T, Zhong X F, Ye J Y, Wang C H, Huang L Y, Tian X H, Liu K, Zhang Y B. 2023. Delayed leaf senescence improves radiation use efficiency and explains yield advantage of large panicle-type hybrid rice. Plants, 12, 4063.
Deng J, Ye J, Liu K, Harrison M T, Zhong X F, Wang C H, Tian X H, Huang L Y, Zhang Y B. 2022b. Optimizing agronomy improves super hybrid rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency through enhanced post-heading carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Agronomy, 13, 13.
Deng N Y, Grassini P, Yang H S, Huang J L, Cassman K G, Peng S B. 2019. Closing yield gaps for rice self-sufficiency in China. Nature Communications, 10, 1725.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2020. Data release detail food and agriculture organization of the United Nations. [2021-9-8]. https://www.fao.org/food-agriculture-statistics/data-release/data-release-detail/en/c/1675061/
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2022. Food and agriculture organization of the united nation) statistical yearbook 2022. [2023-7-15]. https://www.fao.org/policy-support/tools-and-publications/resources-details/en/c/1627308/
Gustafson D, Asseng S, Kruse J, Thoma G, Guan K Y, Hoogenboom G, Matlock M, McLean M, Parajuli R, Rajagopalan K, Stöckle C, Sulser T B, Tarar L, Wiebe K, Zhao C, Fraisse C, Gimenez C, Intarapapong P, Karimi T, Kruger C, et al. 2021. Supply chains for processed potato and tomato products in the United States will have enhanced resilience with planting adaptation strategies. Nature Food, 2, 862–872.
He Q S, Liu D L, Wang B, Wang Z K, Cowie A, Simmons A, Xu Z C, Li L C, Shi Y, Liu K, Harrison M T, Waters C, Huete A, Yu Q, et al. 2024. A food-energy-water-carbon nexus framework informs region-specific optimal strategies for agricultural sustainability. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 203, 107428.
Jiang Q T, Bhattarai N, Pahlow M, Xu Z C. 2022. Environmental sustainability and footprints of global aquaculture. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 180, 106183.
Jiang Y, Carrijo D, Huang S, Chen J, Balaine N, Zhang W J, Groenigen K J v G, Linquist B. 2019. Water management to mitigate the global warming potential of rice systems: A global meta-analysis. Field Crops Research, 234, 47–54.
Jiang Y, Wang L L, Yan XJ, Tian Y L, Deng A X, Zhang W J. 2013. Super rice cropping will enhance rice yield and reduce CH4 emission: A case study in Nanjing, China. Rice Science, 20, 427–433.
Jin Z Q, Liao W J, Mu Y X, Li Y S, Nie L X. 2023a. Integrated assessment of water footprint and energy production efficiency in different rice-rape rotation systems. Energy, 266, 126535.
Jin Z Q, Mu Y X, Li Y S, Nie L X. 2023b. Effect of different rice planting methods on the water, energy and carbon footprints of subsequent wheat. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7, 1173916.
Johnson-Beebout S E, Angeles O R, Alberto M C R, Buresh R J. 2009. Simultaneous minimization of nitrous oxide and methane emission from rice paddy soils is improbable due to redox potential changes with depth in a greenhouse experiment without plants. Geoderma, 149, 45–53.
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2006. Guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. [2024-1-5]. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/2006-ipcc-guidelines-for-national-greenhouse-gas-inventories/
ISO 14044. 2006. Environmental management-life cycle assessment-requirements and guidelines. International Organization for Standardization. [2024-1-9] https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html.
Kang S H, Kim Y, Lee S, Kim H, Kim M. 2022. A study on the field applicability of intermittent irrigation in protected cultivation using an automatic irrigation system. Applied Sciences, 12, 10680.
Lampayan R M, Rejesus R M, Singleton G R, Bouman B A M. 2015. Adoption and economics of alternate wetting and drying water management for irrigated lowland rice. Field Crops Research, 170, 95–108.
Leip A, Weiss F, Lesschen J P, Westhoek H. 2014. The nitrogen footprint of food products in the European Union. Journal of Agricultural Science, 152, 20–33.
Liu J, Chen S, Wang H, Chen X D. 2015. Calculation of carbon footprints for water diversion and desalination projects. Energy Procedia, 75, 2483–2494.
Liu K, Harrison M T, Archontoulis S, Huth N, Yang R, Liu D L, Yan H L, Meinke H, Huber I, Feng P Y, Ahmed I, Zhang Y B, Tian X H, Zhou M X. 2021. Climate change shifts forward flowering and reduces crop waterlogging stress. Environmental Research Letters, 16, 094017.
Liu K, Harrison, M T, Yan H L, Liu D L, Meinke H, Hoogenboom G, Wang B, Peng B, Guan K Y, Jaegermeyr J, Wang E L, Zhang F, Yin X G, Archontoulis S, Nie L X, Badea A, Man J G, Wallach D, Zhao J, Benjumea A B, et al. 2023. Silver lining to a climate crisis in multiple prospects for alleviating crop waterlogging under future climates. Nature Communications, 14, 765.
Liu Y L, Du J Q, Xu X L, Kardol P, Hu D. 2020. Microtopography-induced ecohydrological effects alter plant community structure. Geoderma, 362, 114119.
Lu J, Wang D Y, Liu K, Chu G, Huang L Y, Tian X H, Zhang Y B. 2020. Inbred varieties outperformed hybrid rice varieties under dense planting with reducing nitrogen. Scientific Reports, 10, 8769.
Luo L J, Mei H W, Yu X Q, Xia H, Chen L, Liu H Y, Zhang A N, Xu K, Wei H B, Liu G L, Wang F M, Liu Y, Ma X S, Lou Q J, Feng F J, Zhou L G, Chen S J, Yan M, Liu Z C, Bi J G, et al. 2019. Water-saving and drought-resistance rice: From the concept topractice and theory. Molecular Breeding, 39, 145.
Ma G H, Yuan L P. 2015. Hybrid rice achievements, development and prospect in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 14, 197–205.
Ma P, Lan Y, Lv X, Fang P, Yang Z Y, Sun Y J, Zhang R P, Ma J. 2021. Reasonable nitrogen fertilizer management improves rice yield and quality under a rapeseed/wheat–rice rotation system. Agriculture, 11, 490.
Mooney S J, Sjogersten S. 2022. Greenhouse gas emissions rise due to tillage. Natture Food, 3, 246–246.
Mubeen K, Sarwar N, Shehzad M, Ghaffar A, Aziz M. 2022. Irrigation management in rice. In: Sarwar N, Atique-ur-Rehman, Ahmad S, Hasanuzzaman M, eds., Modern Techniques of Rice Crop Production. Springer, Singapore. pp. 105–114.
Nhamo L, Mabhaudhi T, Mpandeli S, Dickens C, Nhemachena C, Senzanje A, Naidoo D, Liphadzi S, Modi A T. 2020. An integrative analytical model for the water-energy-food nexus: South Africa case study. Environmental Science & Policy, 109, 15–24.
Pirdashti H, Pirdashti M, Mohammadi M, Baigi M G, Movagharnejad K. 2015. Efficient use of energy through organic rice–duck mutualism system. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 35, 1489–1497.
Qian H Y, Zhu X C, Huang S, Linquist B, Kuzyakov Y, Wassmann R, Minamikawa K, Martinez-Eixarch M, Yan X Y, Zhou F, Sander B O, Zhang W J, Shang Z Y, Zou J W, Zheng X H, Li G H, Liu Z H, Wang S H, Ding Y F, Groenigen K J v, et al. 2023. Greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation in rice agriculture. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 4, 716–732.
Qiao J, Wang J, Zhao D, Zhou W, Schwenke G, Yan T M, Liu D L. 2022. Optimizing N fertilizer rates sustained rice yields, improved N use efficiency, and decreased N losses via runoff from rice-wheat cropping systems. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 324, 107724.
Qin J Q, Impa S M, Tang Q Y, Yang S H, Yang J, Tao Y S, Jagadish K S V. 2013. Integrated nutrient, water and other agronomic options to enhance rice grain yield and N use efficiency in double-season rice crop. Field Crops Research, 148, 15–23.
Qin J X, Duan W L, Zou S, Chen Y N, Huang W J, Rosa L. 2024. Global energy use and carbon emissions from irrigated agriculture. Nature Communications, 15, 3084.
Ramaswami A, Boyer D, Nagpure A S, Fang A, Bogra S, Bakshi B, Cohen E, Rao–Ghorpade A. 2017. An urban systems framework to assess the trans-boundary food-energy-water nexus: Implementation in Delhi, India. Environmental Research Letters, 12, 025008.
Ridoutt B G, Pfister S. 2013. A new water footprint calculation method integrating consumptive and degradative water use into a single stand-alone weighted indicator. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 18, 204–207.
Riya S, Takeuchi Y, Zhou S, Terada A, Hosomi M. 2017. Nitrous oxide production and mRNA expression analysis of nitrifying and denitrifying bacterial genes under floodwater disappearance and fertilizer application. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 15852–15859.
Sadhukhan J. 2022. Net-zero action recommendations for scope 3 emission mitigation using life cycle assessment. Energy, 15, 5522.
Sharma A, Saxena A, Sethi M, Shree V, Varun. 2011. Life cycle assessment of buildings: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, 871–875.
Singh P, Singh G, Sodhi G P S. 2019. Energy auditing and optimization approach for improving energy efficiency of rice cultivation in south-western Punjab, India. Energy, 174, 269–279.
Smajgl A, Ward J (eds.). 2013. The Water-Food-Energy Nexus in the Mekong Region. Springer, New York, NY.
Verhoeven E, Decock C, Barthel M, Bertora C, Sacco D, Romani M, Sleutel S, Six J. 2018. Nitrification and coupled nitrification-denitrification at shallow depths are responsible for early season N2O emissions under alternate wetting and drying management in an Italian rice paddy system. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 120, 58–69.
Vora N, Shah A, Bilec M M, Khanna V. 2017. Food–energy–water nexus: Quantifying embodied energy and ghg emissions from irrigation through virtual water transfers in food trade. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 5, 2119–2128.
Wang L L, Coulter J A, Li L L, Luo Z Z, Chen Y L, Deng X P, Xie J H. 2020. Plastic mulching reduces nitrogen footprint of food crops in China: A meta-analysis. Science of the Total Environment, 748, 141479.
Wang X J, Zhang J Y, Gao J, Shahid S, Xia X H, Geng Z, Tang L. 2018. The new concept of water resources management in China: Ensuring water security in changing environment. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 20, 897–909.
Wang Y F, Du J Q, Pang Z, Liu Y L, Xue K, Hautier Y, Zhang B, Tang L, Jiang L L, Ji B M, Xu X L, Zhang J, Hu R H, Zhou S T, Wang F, Che R X, Wang D, Zhou C T, Cui X Y, Eisenhauer N, et al. 2022. Unimodal productivity–biodiversity relationship along the gradient of multidimensional resources across Chinese grasslands. National Science Review, 9, nwac165.
Xia L L, Ti C P, Li B L, Xia Y Q, Yan X Y. 2016. Greenhouse gas emissions and reactive nitrogen releases during the life-cycles of staple food production in China and their mitigation potential. Science of the Total Environment, 556, 116–125.
Yan X Y, Akiyama H, Yagi K, Akimoto H. 2009. Global estimations of the inventory and mitigation potential of methane emissions from rice cultivation conducted using the 2006 intergovernmental panel on climate change guidelines. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 23, 2008GB003299.
Yuan S, Zhan X W, Xu L, Ling X X, Peng S B. 2022. Increase energy use efficiency and economic benefit with reduced environmental footprint in rice production of central China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 7382-7392.
Zhang C, Ju X T, Powlson D, Oenema O, Smith P. 2019. Nitrogen surplus benchmarks for controlling N pollution in the main cropping systems of China. Environmental Science & Technology, 53, 6678–6687.
Zhang H, Xue Y G, Wang Z Q, Yang J C, Zhang J H. 2009. An alternate wetting and moderate soil drying regime improves root and shoot growth in rice. Crop Science, 49, 2246–2260.
Zhang Q S, Sun J H, Zhang G X, Liu X M, Wu Y F, Sun J X, Hu B T. 2023. Spatiotemporal dynamics of water supply–demand patterns under large-scale paddy expansion: Implications for regional sustainable water resource management. Agricultural Water Management, 285, 108388.
Zhang W F, Dou Z X, He P, Ju X T, Powlson D, Chadwick D, Norse D, Lu Y L, Zhang Y, Wu L, Chen X P, Cassman K G, Zhang F S. 2013. New technologies reduce greenhouse gas emissions from nitrogenous fertilizer in China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110, 8375–8380.
Zhang W S, Qian C R, Carlson K M, Ge X L, Wang X B, Chen X P. 2021. Increasing farm size to improve energy use efficiency and sustainability in maize production. Food and Energy Security, 10, e271.
Zhou L Y, Zhu Y H, Kan Z R, Li F M, Zhang F. 2023. The impact of crop residue return on the food–carbon–water–energy nexus in a rice–wheat rotation system under climate warming. Science of the Total Environment, 894, 164675.
Zhou Y J, Ji Y L, Zhang M, Xu Y Z, Li Z, Tu D B, Wu W G. 2023. Exploring a sustainable rice-cropping system to balance grain yield, environmental footprint and economic benefits in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 404, 136988.
|