Chen C, Chen Z, Chen M H, Zhang J X, Wang L W, Yan X B. 2023. Leaf cuticular waxes of bermudagrass response to environment-driven adaptations of climate effect inferred from latitude and longitude gradient in China. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 20, e202201104.

Chen L M, Yi Y H, Wang W X, Zeng Y J, Tan X M, Wu Z M, Chen X F, Pan X H, Shi Q H, Zeng Y H. 2021. Innovative furrow ridging fertilization under a mechanical direct seeding system improves the grain yield and lodging resistance of early indica rice in South China. Field Crops Research, 270, 108184.

Chen S, Elrys A S, Zhao C, Cai Z C, Zhang J B, Müller C. 2023. Global patterns and controls of yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice. Science of the Total Environment, 898, 165484.

Cheng S, Xing Z P, Tian C, Li S P, Tian J Y, Liu Q Y, Hu Y J, Guo B W, Hu Q, Wei H Y, Gao H, Zhang H C. 2022. Effects of controlled release urea formula and conventional urea ratio on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of direct-seeded rice. Agriculture, 12, 1230.

Corbin J L, Orlowski J M, Harrell D L, Golden B R, Falconer L, Krutz L J, Gore J, Cox M S, Walker T W. 2016. Nitrogen strategy and seeding rate affect rice lodging, yield, and economic returns in the midsouthern united states. Agronomy Journal, 108, 1938–1943.

Ding C, Luo X K, Wu Q, Lu B, Ding Y F, Song J Z, Li G H. 2021. Compact plant type rice has higher lodging and N resistance under machine transplanting. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 20, 65–77.

Etesami H, Jeong B R. 2018. Silicon (Si): Review and future prospects on the action mechanisms in alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 147, 881–896.

Fan C F, Li Y, Hu Z, Hu H Z, Wang G Y, Li A, Wang Y, Tu Y, Xia T, Peng L, Feng S. 2018. Ectopic expression of a novel OsExtensin-like gene consistently enhances plant lodging resistance by regulating cell elongation and cell wall thickening in rice. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 16, 254–263.

Gao H, Dou Z, Chen L R, Lu Y, Sun D, Xu Q, Sun R Y, Chen X Y. 2022. Effects of semi-deep water irrigation on hybrid indica rice lodging resistance. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 1038129.

Gui M Y, Wang D, Xiao H H, Tu M, Li F L, Li W C, Ji S D, Wang T X, Li J Y. 2018. Studies of the relationship between rice stem composition and lodging resistance. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 156, 387–395.

Guo Y Q, Ma Z T, Ren B Z, Zhao B, Liu P, Zhang J W. 2022. Effects of humic acid added to controlled-release fertilizer on summer maize yield, nitrogen use efficiency and greenhouse gas emission. Agriculture, 12, 448.

He W J, He B, Wu B Y, Wang Y H, Yan F Y, Ding Y F, Li G H. 2023. Growth of tandem long-mat rice seedlings using controlled release fertilizers: Mechanical transplantation can be more economical and high yielding. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 22, 3652–3666.

Hirano K, Okuno A, Hobo T, Ordonio R, Shinozaki Y, Asano K, Kitano H, Matsuoka M. 2014. Utilization of stiff culm trait of rice smos1 mutant for increased lodging resistance. PLoS One, 9, e96009.

Hoang T N, Minamikawa K, Tokida T, Wagai R, Tran T X P, Tran T H D, Tran D H. 2023. Higher rice grain yield and lower methane emission achieved by alternate wetting and drying in central Vietnam. European Journal of Agronomy, 151, 126992.

Hong W, Chen Y, Huang S, Li Y, Wang Z, Tang X, Pan S, Tian H, Mo Z. 2022. Optimization of nitrogen–silicon (N-Si) fertilization for grain yield and lodging resistance of early-season indica fragrant rice under different planting methods. European Journal of Agronomy, 136, 126508.

Huang Y Z, Ji Z, Tao Y J, Wei S X, Jiao W, Fang Y Z, Jian P, Shen C B, Qin Y J, Zhang S Y, Li S Q, Liu X, Kang S M, Tian Y N, Song Q X, Harberd N P, Wang S K, Li S. 2023. Improving rice nitrogen-use efficiency by modulating a novel monouniquitination machinery for optimal root plasticity response to nitrogen. Nature Plants, 9, 1902–1914.

Jing Z M, Chen J, Shi Y H, Li Y X, Yin Y P, Yang D Q, Luo Y L, Pang D W, Xu X, Li W Q, Ni J, Wang Y Y, Wang Z L, Li Y. 2017. Manipulation of lignin metabolism by plant densities and its relationship with lodging resistance in wheat. Scientific Reports, 7, 41805.

Kashiwagi T, Ishimaru K. 2004. Identification and functional analysis of a locus for improvement of lodging resistance in rice. Plant Physiology, 134, 676–683.

Li G H, Pan J F, Cui K H, Yuan M S, Hu Q Q, Wang W C, Mohapatra P K, Nie L X, Huang J L, Peng S B. 2017. Limitation of unloading in the developing grains is a possible cause responsible for low stem non-structural carbohydrate translocation and poor grain yield formation in rice through verification of recombinant inbred lines. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 1369.

Li L, He L X, Li Y Q, Wang Y F, Ashraf U, Hamoud Y A, Hu X, Wu T Y, Tang X R, Pan S G. 2023. Deep fertilization combined with straw incorporation improved rice lodging resistance and soil properties of paddy fields. European Journal of Agronomy, 142, 126659.

Liao P, Bell S M, Chen L, Huang S, Wang H Y, Miao J H, Qi Y M, Sun Y N, Liao B, Zeng Y J, Wei H Y, Gao H, Dai Q G, Zhang H C. 2023. Improving rice grain yield and reducing lodging risk simultaneously: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Agronomy, 143, 126709.

Liu Q H, Ma J Q, Zhao Q L, Zhou X B. 2018. Physical traits related to rice lodging resistance under different simplified-cultivation methods. Agronomy Journal, 110, 127–132.

Liu W Y, Fan X H, Liu Y Y, Bao S Y, Lu Y Y, Gai D S, Fu X K, Du J, Guo L Y, Zhang Q, Geng Y Q, Shao X W. 2023. Relationship between characteristics of basal internodes and lodging and its physiological mechanism in direct-seeded rice. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 209, 632–650.

Lv R J, Zhang W J, Xie X B, Wang Q J, Gao K G, Zeng Y H, Zeng Y J, Pan X H, Shang Q Y. 2022. Foliar application uniconazole enhanced lodging resistance of high-quality indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) by altering anatomical traits, cell structure and endogenous hormones. Field Crops Research, 277, 108425.

Okuno A, Hirano K, Asano K, Takase W, Masuda R, Morinaka Y, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Kitano H, Matsuoka M. 2014. New approach to increasing rice lodging resistance and biomass yield through the use of high gibberellin producing varieties. PLoS ONE, 9, e86870.

Ransom C J, Jolley V D, Blair T A, Sutton L E, Hopkins B G. 2020. Nitrogen release rates from slow- and controlled-release fertilizers influenced by placement and temperature. PLoS ONE, 15, e0234544.

Salassi M E, Deliberto M A, Linscombe S D, Wilson Jr C E, Walker T W, McCauley G N, Blouin D C. 2013. Impact of harvest lodging on rough rice milling yield and market price. Agronomy Journal, 105, 1860–1867.

Su N, Ronga X M, Xie G X, Chang T, Zhang Y P, Peng J W, Luo G W. 2024. Effectiveness of a 10-year continuous reduction of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on production, nitrogen loss and utilization of double-cropping rice. Science of the Total Environment, 912, 168857.

Sun C H, Wang Y, Yang X R, Tang L, Wan C M, Liu J Q, Chen C P, Zhang H S, He C C, Liu C Q, Wang Q, Zhang K, Zhang W F, Yang B, Li S C, Zhu J, Sun Y J, Li W T, Zhou Y H, Wang P R, et al. 2023. MATE transporter GFD1 cooperates with sugar transporters, mediates carbohydrate partitioning and controls grain-filling duration, grain size and number in rice. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 21, 621–634.

Sun Y, Mi W H, Su L J, Shan Y Y, Wu L H. 2019. Controlled-release fertilizer enhances rice grain yield and N recovery efficiency in continuous non-flooding plastic film mulching cultivation system. Field Crops Research, 231, 122–129.

Syros T, Yupsanis T, Zafiriadis H, Economou A. 2004. Activity and isoforms of peroxidases, lignin and anatomy, during adventitious rooting in cuttings of Ebenus cretica L. Journal of Plant Physiology, 161, 69–77.

Tian C, Zhou X, Liu Q, Peng J W, Wang W M, Zhang Z H, Yang Y, Song H X, Guan C Y. 2016. Effects of a controlled-release fertilizer on yield, nutrient uptake, and fertilizer usage efficiency in early ripening rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Zhejiang University (Science B), 17, 775–786.

Trinh T H, Kushaari K, Shuib A S, Ismail L, Azeem B. 2015. Modelling the release of nitrogen from controlled release fertiliser: Constant and decay release. Biosystems Engineering, 130, 34–42.

Wang X D, Wang Y L, Zhang Y P, Xiang J, Zhang Y K, Zhu D F, Chen H Z. 2021. The nitrogen topdressing mode of indica-japonica and indica hybrid rice are different after side-deep fertilization with machine transplanting. Scientific Reports, 11, 1494.

Wang X Y, Xu L, Li X X, Yang G D, Wang F, Peng S B. 2022. Grain yield and lodging-related traits of ultrashort-duration varieties for direct-seeded and double-season rice in Central China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 21, 2888–2899.

Wu M K, Jiang H, Wei Z H, Li W C, Gao K Y, Wang D C, Wei X S, Tian P, Cui J J, Di Y T, Wu Z H, Yang M Y. 2023. Influence of nitrogen application rate on stem lodging resistance rice under dry cultivation. Agronomy, 13, 426.

Yang Y, Zhang M, Li Y C, Fan X, Geng Y. 2012. Controlled release urea improved nitrogen use efficiency, activities of leaf enzymes, and rice yield. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 76, 2307–2317.

Yuan M M, Sun Y X, Wang J B, Wu G, Hu P, Zhang X M, Wang W J, Jing Y D. 2022. Application of controlled-release compound fertilizer to mechanically dry direct-seeded rice increased rice biomass, nutrient accumulation and yield. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 46, 300–311.

Zhang G, Cui K H, Li G H, Pan J F, Huang J L, Peng S B. 2022. Stem small vascular bundles have greater accumulation and translocation of non-structural carbohydrates than large vascular bundles in rice. Physiologia Plantarum, 174, e13695.

Zhang H, Jing W J, Zhao B H, Wang W L, Xu Y J, Zhang W Y, Gu J F, Liu L J, Wang Z Q, Yang J C. 2021. Alternative fertilizer and irrigation practices improve rice yield and resource use efficiency by regulating source-sink relationships. Field Crops Research, 265, 108124.

Zhang J, Li G H, Song Y P, Liu Z H, Yang C D, Tang S, Zheng C, Wang S H, Ding Y F. 2014. Lodging resistance characteristics of high-yielding rice populations. Field Crops Research, 161, 64–74.

Zhang S G, Yang Y C, Zhai W W, Tong Z H, Shen T L, Li Y C, Zhang M, Sigua G C, Chen J Q, Ding F J. 2019. Controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer improved lodging resistance and potassium and silicon uptake of direct-seeded rice. Crop Science, 59, 2733–2740.

Zhang W J, Wu L M, Ding Y F, Weng F, Wu X R, Li G H, Liu Z H, Tang S, Ding C Q, Wang S H. 2016a. Top-dressing nitrogen fertilizer rate contributes to decrease culm physical strength by reducing structural carbohydrate content in japonica rice. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 15, 992–1004.

Zhang W J, Wu L M, Ding Y F, Yao X, Wu X R, Weng F, Li G H, Liu Z H, Tang S, Ding C Q, Wang S H. 2017. Nitrogen fertilizer application affects lodging resistance by altering secondary cell wall synthesis in japonica rice (Oryza sativa). Journal of Plant Research, 130, 859–871.

Zhang W J, Wu L M, Wu X R, Ding Y F, Li G H, Li J Y, Weng F, Liu Z H, Tang S, Ding C Q, Wang S H. 2016b. Lodging resistance of japonica rice (Oryza Sativa L.): Morphological and anatomical traits due to top-dressing nitrogen application rates. Rice, 9, 31.

Zhang W S, Liang Z Y, He X M, Wang X Z, Shi X J, Zou C Q, Chen X P. 2019. The effects of controlled release urea on maize productivity and reactive nitrogen losses: A meta-analysis. Environmental Pollution, 246, 559–565.

Zhao X Y, Zhou N, Lai S K, Frei M, Wang Y X, Yang L X. 2019. Elevated CO₂ improves lodging resistance of rice by changing physicochemical properties of the basal internodes. Science of the Total Environment, 647, 223–231.