基于主成分-聚类分析芝麻盛花期耐高温评价及品种筛选

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.20.002

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】To understand the effects of high temperature stress on the agronomic traits, yield, its components and grain quality of sesame, to accurately evaluate the high temperature tolerance level of different sesame varieties at full flowering stage, and to screen the high temperature tolerant sesame varieties.【Method】24 sesame varieties were treated with normal temperature (CK) and high temperature stress(H) at full flowering stage for 7 days. The agronomic traits such as plant height, initial capsule site, number of capsules per plant, number of capsules per capsule, 1000-grain weight, yield per plant and quality indexes such as water content, oil content and protein content were measured at maturity stage. The heat tolerance of different sesame varieties at full flowering stage was comprehensively analyzed and evaluated by means of principal component and cluster analysis.【Result】Different varieties, temperature treatments and interactions had significant effects on the indexes of sesame. After high temperature stress, compared with CK, the yield per plant, 1000-grain weight, number of capsules per plant, number of capsules per capsule, initial capsule site, capsule length and plant height of sesame decreased by 33.47%, 13.62%, 7.76%, 5.75%, 2.61%, 1.64% and 1.40%, respectively. Among which 1000-grain weight and yield per plant decreased the most, and the differences reached significant level. The difference of end length and protein content was no significant, which was 13.43% and 1.55% lower than that of the CK. The water content and oil content increased by 0.90% and 0.17% respectively compared with CK, and the difference was not significant. There is a certain correlation between the high temperature tolerance coefficients of different varieties and various indexes. The high temperature resistance coefficient was analyzed by principal component analysis, and five independent comprehensive indexes were established, and the contribution rates were 30.74%, 25.82%, 13.18%, 10.12% and 8.33%, respectively, reflecting 88.19% of the original information. The weight of each index was calculated by component matrix and eigenvalue, and the physiological comprehensive index model of high temperature stress (HTSPCI) was constructed. According to the cluster heat map analysis of high temperature tolerance coefficient of each individual index, 24 sesame germplasm resources were divided into 4 grades: high temperature resistant type, medium high temperature tolerance type, medium heat sensitive type and heat sensitive type, respectively. And the yield loss rate per plant (X6) of 6 high temperature resistant varieties was ≤9.50%, 6 medium high temperature resistant varieties was 9.50%<X6≤30%, 10 medium heat sensitive varieties was 30%<X6≤70% and 2 heat sensitive varieties was X6>70%.【Conclusion】High temperature treatment significantly affected the growth and development of sesame at full flowering stage. A comprehensive index model of high temperature stress was established by combining agronomic traits and quality indexes with principal components-cluster analysis, and 6 varieties with high temperature tolerance were selected, which could be used to evaluate the high temperature tolerance of different sesame varieties.

Key words: sesame, full flowering stage, high temperature, principal component analysis, comprehensive valuation

RONG YaSi, LI Feng, ZHANG PengYu, WANG DongYong, SU XiaoYu, TIAN Yuan, GAO TongMei. Evaluation of High Temperature Tolerance and Selection of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Cultivars at Full Flowering Stage Based on Principal Components-Cluster Analysis[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(20): 3957-3973.

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Figures/Tables 13

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Table 3

Effects of high temperature treatment on agronomic characters of different sesame varieties"

品种编号 Cultivar code		株高 <BOLD>P</BOLD>lant height (cm)		始蒴部位 Initial capsule site (cm)		黄稍尖 End length (cm)		果轴长度 Capsule length (cm)
品种编号 Cultivar code		H	CK	H	CK	H	CK	H	CK
C1		173.35bcdef	187.30abcde	51.38cdef	51.67efghi	3.80c	1.82d	118.17abcde	133.82abc
C2		187.43abcde	202.0abcd	53.38cdef	68.88abcd	5.70c	3.85bcd	128.35abcd	129.30abcde
C3		175.60abcde	174.22cdefg	42.82def	59.63bcdefg	2.80c	7.10bcd	129.98abcd	107.48bcdefg
C4		209.42abc	178.18bcdef	36.90f	49.73efghi	10.87bc	4.65bcd	161.65a	123.80abcdef
C5		182.78abcde	187.20abcde	49.38cdef	52.92efghi	5.70c	8.27bcd	127.70abcd	126.02abcdef
C6		217.67a	208.15abc	38.02ef	41.28hij	25.13a	9.52b	154.52ab	157.35a
C7		181.68abcde	172.42cdefg	45.67def	38.87ij	7.73bc	4.80bcd	128.28abcd	128.75abcdef
C8		186.45abcde	169.75defg	81.22ab	71.85abc	7.55bc	8.08bcd	97.68cde	89.82efg
C9		210.33abc	148.62fgh	56.40bcdef	65.84abcdefg	9.77bc	8.10bcd	144.17abc	74.68g
C10		216.13ab	187.33abcde	73.17abc	77.53a	5.63c	3.85bcd	137.30abc	105.95bcdefg
C11		168.83cdef	150.57fgh	46.50cdef	53.18efghi	4.93c	4.28bcd	117.40abcde	93.10defg
C12		146.00ef	166.98defg	44.52def	59.08bcdefg	4.05c	2.13cd	97.50cde	105.77bcdefg
C13		165.38def	190.47abcde	50.77cdef	37.67j	5.55c	16.08a	109.10bcde	136.72ab
C14		163.33def	183.05abcdef	49.48cdef	46.00ghij	5.82c	4.63bcd	108.00cde	132.42abcd
C15		165.85def	188.63abcde	61.13bcdef	56.63cdefgh	5.52c	6.12bcd	99.20cde	125.88abcdef
C16		182.57abcde	179.58bcdef	51.00cdef	50.77efghi	8.65bc	5.93bcd	123.00abcd	122.88abcdef
C17		132.17f	177.37bcdef	49.00cdef	50.42efghi	8.55bc	4.87bcd	74.62ef	122.08abcdef
C18		189.32abcde	160.82efg	81.87ab	74.67ab	4.70c	4.92bcd	102.75cde	81.23g
C19		155.00ef	147.03fgh	64.95bcde	55.90efghi	14.90b	16.52a	75.15ef	74.62g
C20		152.69ef	156.97efgh	69.31abcd	74.73ab	8.41bc	3.92bcd	74.98ef	78.30fg
C21		145.93ef	126.23h	50.50cdef	49.08fghij	8.48bc	4.37bcd	86.95de	72.78g
C22		199.07abcd	211.55ab	92.83a	75.13ab	5.17c	8.52bc	101.07cde	127.90abcdef
C23		149.98ef	216.40a	47.39cdef	66.22abcde	5.16c	7.33bcd	97.50cde	142.85ab
C24		94.95g	140.20gh	49.47cdef	45.17ghij	2.18c	6.20bcd	43.30f	88.83fg
变化范围Variation range		94.95-217.67	126.23-216.40	36.90-92.83	37.67-77.53	2.18-25.13	1.82-16.52	43.30-161.65	72.78-157.35
均值Mean value		173.00	175.46	55.71	57.20	7.37	6.49	109.93	111.76
变异系数 Variable coefficient (%)		20.83	16.00	33.25	23.93	81.70	71.24	32.23	25.77
曼-惠特尼U Mann-Whitney U test	U值 U value	19.00		56.50		61.50		16.00
曼-惠特尼U Mann-Whitney U test	P	0.02		0.37		0.54		0.00

Table 3

Table 4

Changes of yield per plant and its constituent factors after high temperature treatment"

品种编号 Cultivar code		单株蒴果数 Number of capsules per plant		每蒴粒数 Number of capsules per capsule		千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)		单株产量 Yield per plant (g)
品种编号 Cultivar code		H	CK	H	CK	H	CK	H	CK
C1		118abcde	129bc	57bcd	64bcde	2.93bcde	3.81ab	11.25abcdefg	23.17ab
C2		99bcdefg	106bc	62ab	61bcdef	2.99bcde	3.59bcd	16.92a	25.63a
C3		98bcdefg	84bc	54bcde	59bcdefg	3.46a	3.32d	11.30abcdefg	13.23bcdef
C4		143ab	92bc	52bcde	64bcde	3.19ab	3.75ab	16.13ab	18.062abcde
C5		114abcdef	121bc	58bcd	65bcd	2.82bcdef	2.89ef	13.82abcde	19.54abcd
C6		157a	195a	51bcde	31ij	2.94bcde	2.83efg	11.57abcdefg	16.81abcde
C7		86bcdefg	137ab	58bcd	47gh	2.07ij	2.78efgh	5.70efg	17.17abcdef
C8		123abcd	101bc	50bcde	37hi	2.41fghij	2.64fghi	8.68abcdefg	9.61def
C9		86bcdefg	63c	53bcde	54cdefg	2.38fghij	2.50hi	6.11defg	7.23f
C10		83cdefg	84bc	70a	81a	2.73cdefg	3.36cd	10.07abcdefg	14.70bcdef
C11		82cdefg	92bc	51bcde	64bcd	3.12abcd	3.45cd	5.70cdefg	18.23abcd
C12		69defg	107bc	55bcde	66bc	3.05abcde	3.64abc	9.44abcdefg	15.74abcdef
C13		104abcdefg	84bc	50cdef	52defg	3.16abc	2.91ef	12.92abcdef	8.37ef
C14		61efg	88bc	46def	22j	2.45fghi	3.31d	3.96g	11.64cdef
C15		71defg	113bc	52bcde	60bcdef	2.72cdefg	3.92a	7.91bcdefg	20.10abc
C16		64efg	79bc	44ef	58bcdefg	2.68defgh	3.39cd	5.04fg	12.03cdef
C17		48g	110bc	55bcde	62bcdef	2.33ghij	2.44i	3.45g	13.89bcdef
C18		132abc	106bc	39f	57bcdefg	2.62efgh	2.79efgh	10.99abcdefg	15.01bcdef
C19		126abcd	90bc	58bcd	68b	2.26hij	2.35i	14.72abcd	11.71cdef
C20		64efg	73bc	61abc	49fg	3.04abcde	3.39cd	11.56abcdefg	9.36def
C21		90bcdefg	84bc	60abc	50fg	2.26hij	2.55ghi	9.99abcdefg	10.96cdef
C22		101abcdefg	109bc	60abc	63bcdef	2.76bcdefg	3.02e	11.15abcdefg	11.83cdef
C23		79cdefg	118bc	46def	62bcdef	2.80bcdef	3.35cd	14.97abc	16.45abcdef
C24		58fg	81bc	26g	50efg	1.99j	3.43cd	3.55g	14.13abcdef
变化范围Variation range		48-157	63-195	26-70	22-81	1.99-3.46	2.35-3.92	3.45-16.92	7.23-25.63
均值Mean value		94	102	53	56	2.71	3.14	9.92	14.91
变异系数 Variable coefficient (%)		40.51	39.03	22.66	27.83	18.08	16.11	39.94	31.03
曼-惠特尼U Mann-Whitney U test	U值 U value	12.00		27.00		36.00		31.00
曼-惠特尼U Mann-Whitney U test	P	0.00		0.01		0.04		0.02

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Fig.2

Table 7

Table 8

Table 9

Fig. 3

Table 10

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品种编号 Cultivar code	品种名称 Variety name	籽粒颜色 Seed color	品种编号 Cultivar code	品种名称 Variety name	籽粒颜色 Seed color
C1	郑太芝4号Zhengtaizhi 4	白White	C13	尉氏门楼仁柳条青Weishimenlourenliutiaoqing	白White
C2	郑芝13号Zhengzhi 13	白White	C14	舆芝15号Yuzhi15	白White
C3	一把白Yibabai	白White	C15	郑太芝6号Zhengtaizhi6	白White
C4	郑太芝1号Zhengtaizhi 1	白White	C16	豫芝11号Yuzhi11	白White
C5	广东始兴江口 Guangdongshixingjiangkou	黑Black	C17	郑黑芝1号Zhengheizhi1	黑Black
C6	豫芝NS610YuzhiNS610	白White	C18	黑芝麻（ZZM2410)Heizhima	黑Black
C7	豫芝ND837YuzhiND837	白White	C19	赣芝14号Ganzhi14	黑Black
C8	平舆单蒴糙Pingyudanshuocao	白White	C20	湖北洋芝麻Hubeiyangzhima	黑Black
C9	郑芝14号Zhengzhi14	白White	C21	鄱阳黑芝麻Poyangheizhima	黑Black
C10	河北独根立Hebeidugenli	白White	C22	九股钢杈Jiugugangcha	黑Black
C11	驻芝8号Zhuzhi8	白White	C23	芝麻（ZZM4007）Zhima	麻灰Heather grey
C12	驻黑芝1号Zhuheizhi1	黑Black	C24	山东双筒芝麻 Shandongshuangtongzhima	浅黄Pale yellow

处理 Treatment	X1	X2	X3	X4	X5	X6	X7	X8	X9	X10	X11	F (0.05)
2022
品种C	8.51**	3.23**	3.03**	6.48**	4.28**	4.00**	10.82**	16.71**	80.12**	59.73**	13.35**	4.45
温度T	21.40**	5.01**	1.02	9.34**	5.19*	53.37**	9.92**	189.71**	3.34	21.84**	24.99**	5.52
品种×温度C×T	6.22**	2.72**	0.77*	4.00**	1.29	2.44**	6.71**	10.84**	1.74*	2.08**	1.64*	2.61
2023
品种C	8.37**	4.03**	7.18**	5.32**	2.18**	1.46	7.31**	12.05**	94.23**	54.61**	8.19**	4.55
温度T	6.07*	9.57**	0.60	3.97**	0.19	6.84**	1.21	33.22**	25.43**	14.47**	1.06	6.17
品种×温度C×T	5.66**	4.08**	6.10**	3.82**	1.55*	1.84**	4.18*	8.72*	50.64**	28.17**	4.03**	2.92

品种编号 Cultivar code		含水量 Water content (%)		含油量 Oil content (%)		蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)
品种编号 Cultivar code		H	CK	H	CK	H	CK
C1		4.61ef	4.41ef	49.98ef	51.37abc	24.04bcd	23.95bcd
C2		4.27gh	4.20f	54.70ab	54.32a	21.82efg	22.46def
C3		4.47efgh	4.33f	51.44cdef	53.02ab	23.51bcde	22.95cdef
C4		4.52efg	4.29f	50.26ef	53.26ab	24.42abcd	23.01cdef
C5		4.24h	4.27f	55.07a	54.00a	21.36fg	22.29def
C6		4.46efgh	4.33f	52.44bcde	52.91ab	22.43defg	22.69cdef
C7		4.53efg	4.49ef	51.13cdef	50.40bc	23.22bcdef	24.10bcd
C8		4.40fgh	4.27f	53.90abc	54.17a	21.79efg	21.92def
C9		4.69e	4.65de	48.80f	49.04cd	24.79abc	25.21bc
C10		4.54efg	4.36f	50.69def	52.30ab	23.88bcde	23.43bcd
C11		4.50efg	4.36f	51.04cdef	52.13ab	23.88bcde	23.60bcd
C12		4.47efgh	4.39ef	51.34cdef	51.70abc	24.02bcd	23.82bcd
C13		4.29gh	4.36ef	53.46abcd	52.55ab	22.56cdef	23.36bcde
C14		4.61ef	4.46ef	49.84ef	50.69bc	24.33abcd	24.44bcd
C15		4.45efgh	4.39ef	51.26cdef	51.60abc	23.73bcde	23.80bcd
C16		4.41efgh	4.35f	51.99bcde	52.00ab	23.93bcde	24.32bcd
C17		5.99b	5.84b	35.28i	36.78f	25.42ab	23.75bcd
C18		6.73a	6.69a	31.44j	31.35g	20.46g	20.91efg
C19		5.40c	5.43c	41.59h	39.83e	26.21a	28.37a
C20		5.52c	5.85b	42.92gh	39.97e	20.38g	20.70fg
C21		5.09d	5.42c	45.50g	41.07e	24.23abcd	25.87b
C22		5.81b	5.75b	42.94gh	41.76e	16.07h	18.96g
C23		4.57ef	4.78d	49.97ef	47.37d	23.69bcde	25.17bc
C24		4.57ef	4.43ef	50.65def	52.05ab	23.19bcdef	23.04cdef
变化范围Variation range		4.24-6.73	4.20-6.69	31.44-55.07	31.35-54.32	16.07-26.21	18.96-28.37
均值Mean value		4.80	4.75	48.65	48.57	23.06	23.42
变异系数 Variable coefficient (%)		13.22	14.56	12.22	13.31	9.98	8.27
曼-惠特尼U Mann-Whitney U test	U值 U value	71.00		49.00		38.50
曼-惠特尼U Mann-Whitney U test	P	0.95		0.18		0.05

品种编号Cultivar code	X1	X2	X3	X4	X5	X6	X7	X8	X9	X10	X11
C1	0.93	2.09	0.99	0.88	0.92	0.49	0.90	0.77	1.04	0.97	1.00
C2	0.93	1.48	0.77	0.99	0.93	0.66	1.02	0.83	1.01	1.01	0.97
C3	1.01	0.39	0.72	1.21	1.18	0.85	0.91	1.04	1.03	0.97	1.02
C4	1.18	2.34	0.74	1.31	1.56	0.89	0.81	0.85	1.06	0.94	1.06
C5	0.98	0.69	0.93	1.01	0.94	0.71	0.90	0.98	0.99	1.02	0.96
C6	1.05	2.64	0.92	0.98	0.81	0.69	1.66	1.04	1.03	0.99	0.99
C7	1.05	1.61	1.17	1.00	0.63	0.33	1.25	0.74	1.01	1.01	0.96
C8	1.10	0.93	1.13	1.09	1.23	0.90	1.37	0.91	1.03	0.99	0.99
C9	1.42	1.21	0.86	1.93	1.37	0.84	0.97	0.95	1.01	1.00	0.98
C10	1.15	1.47	0.94	1.30	0.98	0.68	0.86	0.81	1.04	0.97	1.02
C11	1.12	1.15	0.87	1.26	0.89	0.31	0.80	0.90	1.03	0.98	1.01
C12	0.87	1.90	0.75	0.92	0.65	0.60	0.83	0.84	1.02	0.99	1.01
C13	0.87	0.35	1.35	0.80	1.24	1.54	0.96	1.09	0.98	1.02	0.97
C14	0.89	1.26	1.08	0.82	0.69	0.34	2.14	0.74	1.03	0.98	1.00
C15	0.88	0.90	1.08	0.79	0.63	0.39	0.87	0.69	1.01	0.99	1.00
C16	1.02	1.46	1.00	1.00	0.80	0.42	0.76	0.79	1.01	1.00	0.98
C17	0.75	1.76	0.97	0.61	0.44	0.25	0.89	0.95	1.03	0.96	1.07
C18	1.18	0.96	1.10	1.26	1.24	0.73	0.68	0.94	1.00	1.00	0.98
C19	1.05	0.90	1.16	1.01	1.39	1.26	0.85	0.96	0.99	1.04	0.92
C20	0.97	2.15	0.93	0.79	0.87	1.24	1.23	0.90	0.94	1.07	0.98
C21	1.16	1.94	1.03	1.19	1.08	0.90	1.21	0.89	0.94	1.11	0.94
C22	0.94	0.61	1.24	0.79	0.92	0.94	0.96	0.91	1.01	1.03	0.85
C23	0.69	0.70	0.72	0.68	0.67	0.91	0.74	0.84	0.96	1.05	0.94
C24	0.68	0.35	1.10	0.49	0.72	0.25	0.51	0.58	1.03	0.97	1.01
均值Mean value	0.99	1.30	0.98	1.00	0.95	0.71	1.00	0.87	1.01	1.00	0.98
标准差SD	0.17	0.65	0.17	0.30	0.28	0.34	0.34	0.12	0.03	0.04	0.04
变异系数Variable coefficient (%)	16.99	50.23	17.44	29.46	30.02	47.9	34.20	13.59	3.01	3.77	4.55

成分 Component	初始特征值Initial eigenvalues			提取载荷平方和Extraction eigenvalues
成分 Component	总计 Total	方差百分比 Variance (%)	累积 Cumulative (%)	总计 Total	方差百分比 Variance (%)	累积 Cumulative (%)
1	3.381	30.738	30.738	3.381	30.738	30.738
2	2.840	25.817	56.555	2.840	25.817	56.555
3	1.450	13.181	69.735	1.450	13.181	69.735
4	1.113	10.118	79.853	1.113	10.118	79.853
5	0.916	8.332	88.185	0.916	8.332	88.185
6	0.466	4.234	92.419
7	0.358	3.250	95.669
8	0.316	2.869	98.538
9	0.131	1.190	99.728
10	0.017	0.150	99.878
11	0.013	0.122	100.000

Evaluation of High Temperature Tolerance and Selection of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Cultivars at Full Flowering Stage Based on Principal Components-Cluster Analysis

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指标 Index	CI1	CI2	CI3	CI4	CI5
X1	0.531	0.722	0.129	0.167	-0.353
X2	-0.17	0.359	0.797	-0.101	-0.029
X3	0.206	-0.462	-0.224	0.734	-0.082
X4	0.464	0.793	0.012	-0.012	-0.302
X5	0.661	0.543	-0.307	0.088	-0.006
X6	0.860	-0.007	-0.094	-0.053	0.357
X7	0.064	-0.020	0.691	0.582	0.239
X8	0.656	0.225	-0.003	-0.059	0.606
X9	-0.600	0.558	0.038	-0.151	0.302
X10	-0.615	0.600	-0.245	0.342	0.090
X11	0.680	-0.573	0.324	-0.210	-0.207

指标 Index	CI1	CI2	CI3	CI4	CI5	Z权重 Z weight	HTSPCI权重 HTSPCI weight
X1	0.289	0.428	0.107	0.158	-0.369	0.225	0.168
X2	-0.092	0.213	0.662	-0.096	-0.030	0.115	0.086
X3	0.112	-0.274	-0.186	0.696	-0.086	0.003	0.002
X4	0.252	0.471	0.010	-0.011	-0.316	0.196	0.147
X5	0.359	0.322	-0.255	0.083	-0.006	0.191	0.142
X6	0.468	-0.004	-0.078	-0.050	0.373	0.180	0.134
X7	0.035	-0.012	0.574	0.552	0.250	0.181	0.135
X8	0.357	0.134	-0.002	-0.056	0.633	0.216	0.162
X9	-0.334	0.356	-0.203	0.324	0.094	0.001	0.001
X10	0.370	-0.340	0.269	-0.199	-0.216	0.003	0.002
X11	-0.326	0.331	0.032	-0.143	0.316	0.026	0.020

综合评价 Comprehensive valuation	品种编号 Cultivar code	单株产量 Yield per plant (g)		单株产量损失率 Yield loss rate per plant (%)	高温胁迫指数 HTSPCI
综合评价 Comprehensive valuation	品种编号 Cultivar code	H	CK	单株产量损失率 Yield loss rate per plant (%)	高温胁迫指数 HTSPCI
热敏感型 High temperature sensitive type	C24	3.45	13.89	75.16	0.65
热敏感型 High temperature sensitive type	C17	3.55	14.13	74.88	0.65
中度热敏感型 Medium high temperature sensitive type	C11	5.70	18.23	68.76	0.93
	C7	5.69	17.17	66.80
	C14	3.96	11.64	65.99
	C15	7.91	20.09	60.62
	C16	5.04	12.03	58.12
	C1	11.25	23.17	51.44
	C12	9.44	15.74	40.05
	C10	10.07	14.69	31.51
	C6	11.57	16.81	31.20
	C2	16.92	25.63	33.96
中度耐高温型 Medium high temperature resistant type	C4	16.13	18.06	10.69	1.07
	C5	13.82	19.54	29.24
	C18	10.99	15.01	26.74
	C8	8.68	9.61	9.67
	C9	6.11	7.23	15.45
	C3	11.30	13.23	14.59
耐高温型 High temperature resistant type	C23	14.96	16.45	9.03	0.99
	C22	11.15	11.83	5.73
	C21	9.99	10.96	8.89
	C13	12.92	8.37	-54.36
	C19	14.72	11.71	-25.73
	C20	11.56	9.36	-23.52

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