2000—2020年四川小麦育成品种产量增益分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.20.001

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Analyzing the yield and yield related traits of Sichuan wheat varieties from 2000 to 2020, providing reference for genetic improvement of yield in Sichuan wheat varieties. 【Method】From 2019 to 2022, a community trial design was used to measure the yield and related traits of 145 wheat varieties in Sichuan Province since 2001 to 2016, as well as 60 high-yield wheat varieties (Varieties with top yields in regional trials in Sichuan Province over the years) since 2000 to 2020. This data was used to analyze the trend of yield and yield related trait changes in Sichuan wheat cultivars cultivated from 2000 to 2020. 【Result】145 Sichuan wheat varieties from 2001 to 2016 have an average annual genetic gain of 37.20 kg·hm^-2 or 0.66% in yield. Grain number per spike and effective spike number per unit area showed an increasing trend, while thousand grain weight and plant height showed a decreasing trend. Correlation analysis showed that effective spike number per unit area was positively correlated with yield. Path analysis showed that the continuous increase of effective spike number per unit area (annual increase 0.42×10⁴/hm² or 0.13%) was the main factor for the increase of yield potential of high-yielding varieties. The average annual yield genetic gain of 60 high-yield wheat varieties from 2000 to 2020 was 61.10 kg·hm^-2 or 0.89%, the effective spike number per unit area showed an increasing trend, the plant height showed a decreasing trend, and the grain number per spike and thousand grain weight had almost no change. Correlation analysis shows that there was a significant positive correlation between yield and the number of effective ears per unit area. Path analysis showed that the continuous increase in effective spike number per unit area (with an average annual increase of 1.80×10⁴/hm² or 0.51%) was also a major factor in improving the yield potential of 60 high-yield wheat varieties in Sichuan from 2000 to 2020. 【Conclusion】The improvement and breeding of wheat yield heritage in Sichuan Province has made some progress, especially the improvement effect of high yield breeding is remarkable, and the yield level of wheat varieties in Sichuan Province is gradually increasing. The continuous increase in effective ears per unit area was the main factor for improving the yield potential of Sichuan wheat varieties. High grain number per spike and thousand grain weight are important foundations for high yield in Sichuan wheat, but their genetic improvement is in a bottleneck period. Increasing the effective spike number per unit area is the key to furtherly improve the yield of wheat in Sichuan.

Key words: Sichuan wheat, breed, genetic gain, yield, yield related trait

LUO JiangTao, ZHENG JianMin, DENG QingYan, LIU PeiXun, PU ZongJun. Yield Gain Analysis of Wheat Varieties in Sichuan from 2000 to 2020[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(20): 3945-3956.

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性状 Trait	年份 Year	品种 Varieties	重复 Repeat	年份×品种 Year×varieties	误差 Error
产量Yield	12766817.7**	241570326.9**	47606124.5**	102646779.1**	229846648.8
千粒重Thousand grain weight	276.65**	19576.32**	105.02**	3104.97**	5405.56
单位面积有效穗数Effective spike number per unit area	2526374.65**	1932820.5**	70906.31**	915112.12**	941236.15
穗粒数Grains per spike	623.4**	30898.62**	1081.06**	10600.97**	21101.79
株高Plant height	1277.33**	36620.10**	351.52**	6064.48**	8134.95

试验地点 Test site	试验年份 Test year	平均产量 Average yield (kg·hm^-2)	年均遗传增益 Annual genetic gain (kg·hm^-2, %)
德阳市旌阳区 Jingyang District, Deyang	2019	5782.54	+32.40 (+0.55)
广汉市 Guanghan	2020	5541.44	+41.05 (+0.74)
平均 Average		5658.10	+37.20 (+0.66)
四川省区试 Regional test of Sichuan province		5424.83	+33.81 (+0.63)

试验地点 Test site	试验年份 Test year	单位面积有效穗数 Effective spike number per unit area		穗粒数 Grains per spike		千粒重 Thousand grain weight		株高 Plant height
试验地点 Test site	试验年份 Test year	均值 Average (10⁴/hm²)	年均增益 Average annual gain (10⁴/hm², %)	均值 Average	年均增益 Average annual gain	均值 Average (g)	年均增益 Average annual gain (g, %)	均值 Average (cm)	年均增益 Average annual gain (cm, %)
德阳市旌阳区 Jingyang District, Deyang	2019	411.19	+0.47 （+0.16）	53.32	+0.30 (+0.56)	46.24	-0.03 (-0.09)	86.09	-0.39 (-0.45)
广汉市 Guanghan	2020	299.73	+0.56 (+0.19)	54.98	+0.27 (+0.51)	47.44	-0.05 (-0.12)	88.47	-0.27 (-0.31)
平均 Average		353.06	+0.42 (+0.13)	54.14	+0.28 (+0.52)	46.81	-0.05 (-0.13)	87.26	-0.34 (-0.36)

性状 Trait	产量 Yield	单位面积有效穗数 Effective spike number per unit area	千粒重 Thousand grain weight	穗粒数 Grains per spike	株高 Plant height
产量Yield	1.00	0.27**	0.25**	0.10	0.01
单位面积有效穗数Effective spike number per unit area		1.00	0.04	-0.39**	-0.02
千粒重Thousand grain weight			1.00	-0.26*	0.43**
穗粒数Grains per spike				1.00	-0.06
株高Plant height					1.00

性状 Trait	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficient
性状 Trait	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	X1	X2	X3	X4
X1	0.4220		-0.1625	-0.0186	-0.0063
X2	0.3630	-0.1398		-0.0937	0.0200
X3	0.4210	-0.0185	-0.1086		0.1802
X4	-0.1410	-0.0021	-0.0078	0.0603

Yield Gain Analysis of Wheat Varieties in Sichuan from 2000 to 2020

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