Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (12): 2364-2377.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.12.008

• PLANT PROTECTION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Species Identification of Beauveria brongniartii Strain JG-17 and Virulence Against Three Scarabaeoidae Pests

CAO WeiPing1(), FENG Shuo1, CHENG JiaXu1, CHEN Dan1, WU QingJun2, SONG Jian1()   

  1. 1 Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/IPM Innovation Center of Hebei Province/ International Science and Technology Joint Research Center on IPM of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, Hebei
    2 Institute of Vegetable and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2024-01-08 Accepted:2024-02-29 Online:2024-06-25 Published:2024-06-25
  • Contact: SONG Jian

Abstract:

【Objective】 Based on the current situation of the wide variety and serious damage of scarabs, and the urgent demand of agriculture for biological control with eco-friendly and sustainable management, the virulence of Beauveria brongniartii strain JG-17 to the larvae and adults of three important scarabs in China was studied in order to provide excellent microbial resources for the research and development of scarabs biological control agents.【Method】A high virulence fungus strain was isolated from the infected adult scarab cadavers by spore dilution method and re-inoculation experiment. The taxonomic status of strain JG-17 was determined by morphology and rDNA-ITS gene sequence analysis. The growth rate and sporulation of strain JG-17 at different culture temperatures were measured by cross method and hemocytometer method. The virulence of strain JG-17 to the adults and larvae of Holotrichia oblita, Holotrichia parallela and Anomala corpulenta was determined by immersion method and the control efficacy against the 2nd instar larvae of H. parallela was determined by peanut pot experiment.【Result】A strain of Beauveria JG-17, which caused high virulence against adults and larvae of three scarabs, was isolated from the naturally infected scarabs adult. Strain JG-17 was identified as B. brongniartii combined with the morphological and molecular identification results. 25-29 ℃ is the optimal growth temperature for strain JG-17, and the growth rate is greater than 4 mm·d-1. The growth rate and sporulation of strain JG-17 are the highest at 27 ℃. The cumulative mortality at 13 d of the adults of H. oblita, A. corpulenta and H. parallela treated with 1×108 spores/mL of strain JG-17 spore suspension was 78.0%, 100.0% and 86.0% with the LT50 values of 9.458, 6.911 and 8.391 d, respectively. At the same treatment concentration, the virulence of JG-17 to the larvae of H. parallela was higher than that of A. corpulenta and H. oblita. At the 1×108 spores/mL of JG-17 concentration treatment, the cumulative mortality at 13 d of the 1st instar larvae of H. oblita, A. corpulenta and H. parallela was 76.7%, 96.7% and 100.0%, respectively, and that of the 2nd instar larvae was 66.7%, 36.7% and 100.0%, respectively. Under different spore concentrations of JG-17 treatment, the LT50 of JG-17 against the 1st and 2nd instar larvae of H. parallela was significantly lower than that of A. corpulenta and H. oblita. In the pot experiment, there was no significant difference in larvae mortality between spraying evenly around the root and the furrow application with same spore dosage during the inter-tillage period, and more than 10 times of spore were needed to achieve similar control efficacy with spreading application before sowing.【Conclusion】B. brongniartii JG-17 has a high lethality rate to the adults and larvae of H. oblita, H. parallela and A. corpulenta. It is a biocontrol microbial resource with great potential for development and application to control underground scarab pests.

Key words: Beauveria brongniartii, scarab beetle, larva, adult, isolation and identification, virulence

Table 1

Biological characteristics of Beauveria spp. isolates and virulence against adult of H. parallela"

菌株
Isolate
采集地
Collecting site
菌落形态
Colony texture
菌落颜色
Colony color
生长速率
Growth rate (mm·d-1)
产孢量
Sporulation
(×106 spores/cm2)
侵染率
Infection rate
(%)
JG-4 河北保定Baoding, Hebei 毡状Felt-like 白色White 3.65±0.16d 4.83±0.93c 32.0±4.5cd
JG-5 河北博野Boye, Hebei 绒状Villous-like 白色White 5.39±0.15a 7.65±0.76a 18.0±8.4e
JG-9 河北沧州Cangzhou, Hebei 绒状Villous-like 黄色Yellow 2.64±0.13f 3.24±0.50d 20.0±7.1e
JG-12 河北高阳Gaoyang, Hebei 毡状Felt-like 淡黄色Light yellow 4.07±0.04c 4.98±0.56c 26.0±5.5de
JG-17 河北清苑Qingyuan, Hebei 绒状Villous-like 乳白略黄Yellowish white 4.23±0.07b 7.29±0.65a 92.0±8.4a
JG-18 河北满城Mancheng, Hebei 绒状Villous-like 淡黄色Light yellow 3.31±0.04e 3.43±0.60d 46.0±8.9b
JG-21 河北乐亭Laoting, Hebei 绒状Villous-like 乳白色Cream white 4.02±0.10c 6.31±0.48b 40.0±10.0bc

Fig. 1

Morphological characteristics of the strain JG-17"

Fig. 2

Phylogenetic tree analysis of strain JG-17 constructed by neighbor-joining method"

Table 2

Growth rate and sporulation of strain JG-17 at different temperatures"

温度
Temperature (℃)
生长速率
Growth rate (mm·d-1)
产孢量Sporulation
(×106 spores/cm2)
18 1.64±0.05e 2.41±0.34f
21 2.74±0.05c 3.50±0.71e
23 3.70±0.12b 5.17±0.68d
25 4.12±0.13a 6.33±0.49bc
27 4.23±0.07a 7.66±0.73a
29 4.16±0.11a 6.96±0.63ab
31 2.28±0.08d 5.78±0.63cd
33 1.38±0.08f 2.90±0.84ef
35 0g 0g

Fig. 3

Symptoms of scarab larvae and adults after inoculation with JG-17 spore suspension"

Fig. 4

Cumulative mortality of scarab adults inoculated with different JG-17 concentrations"

Table 3

Cumulative cadaver rate of scarab adults inoculated with different JG-17 concentrations (13 d)"

金龟子种类
Scarab species
僵虫率Cadaver rate (%)
1×108 spores/mL 5×107 spores/mL 2×107 spores/mL 5×106 spores/mL 2×106 spores/mL
华北大黑鳃金龟H. oblita 72.0±4.5c 56.0±5.5c 48.0±8.4c 28.0±8.4c 12.0±4.5c
铜绿丽金龟A. corpulenta 94.0±5.5a 86.0±5.5a 78.0±4.5a 66.0±5.5a 58.0±4.5a
暗黑鳃金龟H. parallela 82.0±4.5b 70.0±7.1b 62.0±4.5b 52.0±4.5b 30.0±7.1b

Table 4

Middle lethal time (LT50) of JG-17 at different concentrations to scarab adults"

金龟子种类
Scarab species
孢子浓度
Spore concentration (spores/mL)
回归方程
Regression equation (y=)
LT50 (d),95%置信限
Confidence limit
χ2 P
华北大黑鳃金龟
H. oblita
1×108 -2.666+0.282x 9.458 (8.834-10.107) 6.075 1.000
5×107 -2.751+0.249x 11.033 (10.311-11.968) 5.790 1.000
铜绿丽金龟
A. corpulenta
1×108 -2.783+0.403x 6.911 (6.330-7.410) 6.732 1.000
5×107 -2.431+0.314x 7.846 (7.192-8.426) 11.861 0.973
暗黑鳃金龟
H. parallela
1×108 -2.066+0.246x 8.391 (7.638-9.084) 6.034 1.000
5×107 -2.241+0.227x 9.875 (9.134-10.715) 7.490 0.999

Table 5

Cumulative mortality of scarab larvae inoculated with different JG-17 concentrations (13 d)"

金龟子种类
Scarab species
龄期
Stage
累计死亡率Cumulative mortality (%)
1×108
spores/mL
5×107
spores/mL
2×107
spores/mL
5×106
spores/mL
2×106
spores/mL
CK
华北大黑鳃金龟
H. oblita
1龄1st instar 76.7±11.5 63.3±5.8 50.0±10.0 23.3±15.3 6.7±5.8 0
2龄2nd instar 66.7±5.8 53.3±5.8 33.3±6.7 13.3±3.3 3.3±5.8 0
铜绿丽金龟
A. corpulenta
1龄1st instar 96.7±5.8 90.0±10.0 76.7±5.8 40.0±10.0 26.7±5.8 6.7±5.8
2龄2nd instar 36.7±5.8 23.3±5.8 13.3±5.8 6.7±5.8 0 0
暗黑鳃金龟
H. parallela
1龄1st instar 100.0±0 100.0±0 96.7±5.8 86.7±5.8 60.0±0 0
2龄2nd instar 100.0±0 93.3±5.8 76.7±5.8 53.3±5.8 36.7±5.8 0

Fig. 5

Cumulative cadaver rate at 13 d of the 1st (a) and 2nd (b) instar larvae of different scarab species inoculated with different JG-17 concentrations"

Table 6

LT50 of JG-17 at different concentrations to scarab larvae"

金龟子种类
Scarab species
龄期
Stage
LT50 (d),95%置信限95% <BOLD>C</BOLD>onfidence limit
1×108 spores/mL 5×107 spores/mL 2×107 spores/mL
华北大黑鳃金龟H. oblita 1龄1st instar 8.679 (7.558-9.970) 10.550 (9.207-13.025) 12.174 (10.594-15.792)
铜绿丽金龟A. corpulenta 5.732 (4.608-6.532) 6.919 (5.931-7.733) 8.511 (7.506-9.595)
暗黑鳃金龟H. parallela 5.339 (4.937-5.714) 5.698 (5.298-6.099) 6.042 (5.310-6.642)
华北大黑鳃金龟H. oblita 2龄2nd instar 9.824 (8.855-11.114) 11.490 (10.272-13.746) /
铜绿丽金龟A. corpulenta / / /
暗黑鳃金龟H. parallela 6.079 (5.455-6.699) 6.817 (5.949-7.546) 8.680 (7.680-9.804)

Table 7

Bioefficacy of strain JG-17 against the 25-28-day-old larvae of H. parallela in the pot experiment"

处理Treatment 死亡率Mortality (%) 僵虫率Cadaver rate (%)
撒施Spreading application (500×108 spores/pot) 50.00±0e 41.67±7.22c
撒施Spreading application (1000×108 spores/pot) 66.67±7.22cd 58.33±7.22ab
撒施Spreading application (2000×108 spores/pot) 83.33±7.22ab 70.83±7.22a
淋灌Spraying around peanut root (20×108 spores/pot) 45.83±7.22e 37.50±12.50c
淋灌Spraying around peanut root (40×108 spores/pot) 58.33±7.22de 50.00±0bc
淋灌Spraying around peanut root (80×108 spores/pot) 70.83±7.22bcd 66.67±7.22a
沟施Furrow application (40×108 spores/pot) 50.00±0e 41.67±7.22c
沟施Furrow application (80×108 spores/pot) 66.67±7.22cd 62.50±0ab
沟施Furrow application (160×108 spores/pot) 75.00±12.50abc 70.83±7.22a
45%毒死蜱Chlorpyrifos (2000×) 87.50±12.50a 0d
CK 8.33±7.22f 0d
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