Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (23): 4996-5007.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.23.006

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Analysis of Photosynthetic Characteristics of Hybrid Wheat at Seedling Stage and Its Use for Early Prediction of Strong Heterosis Combinations

LI JiangLing1(),YANG Lan1,RUAN RenWu2,LI ZhongAn1()   

  1. 1Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712
    2College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716
  • Received:2021-02-25 Accepted:2021-06-21 Online:2021-12-01 Published:2021-12-06
  • Contact: ZhongAn LI E-mail:1146682338@qq.com;zhongan@cric.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for early heterosis prediction of hybrid wheat by analyzing photosynthetic characteristics of leaves of different hybrid wheat combinations and their parents at the seedling stage, so that it was easy to select hybrids with strong heterosis. 【Method】 Six hybrid wheat combinations and their parents, including two restorer lines and four male sterile lines, were used as materials to measure the photosynthetic characteristics of wheat leaves at the seedling stage in the field, including net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), water use efficiency (WUE), chlorophyll content (Chl.), Rubisco content and the relative expression of rbcL and rbcS genes encoding Rubisco subunits as well as their heterosis and correlation. The yield traits were investigated at the wheat maturity stage, including plant height, length of main spike, biomass per plant, spike number per plant, grains per spike, grain yield per plant, spikelets of main spike, thousand grain weight, and harvest index. And then, correlation between grain yield and their photosynthetic characteristics was analyzed. 【Result】 Pn, Gs and Tr of six hybrid wheat showed significant heterosis over high parents. The average heterosis of Pn over high parents was 15.4%, Gs was 21.3%, and Tr was 11.46%. The higher Pn and stronger heterosis of hybrids resulted from the restorer lines with higher Pn, while Ci and WUE of some hybrids showed negative heterosis. The number of spikes per plant, yield per plant and biomass per plant had greater heterosis over high parents, in which the number of spikes per plant performed the highest heterosis with 34.21% on average. Correlation analysis showed that Pn was significantly or super-significantly positively correlated with Gs, Tr, grain yield per plant and biomass per plant, suggesting that Gs and Tr could help to screen high photosynthetic wheat, and Pn at the seedling stage had important relationship with yield. Among them, the Rubisco activity of hybrid wheat was higher than that of its parents, and it had a significant heterosis over high parents, with an average heterosis of 5.38% over high parents. Compared with rbcL, rbcS had a higher over high-parent heterosis and over mid-parent heterosis. The chlorophyll content mainly showed a negative advantage, few over mid-parent heterosis, and very few showed over high-parent heterosis. There was no significant correlation between Pn and other photosynthetic characteristics.【Conclusion】 The results indicated that the leaf photosynthesis of hybrid wheat at the seedling stage showed significant over high-parent heterosis, especially Pn, Gs and Tr, and Pn was significantly positively correlated with the yield per plant and the biomass per plant, so the level of net photosynthetic rate could be one of the important traits for early prediction of yield potential of hybrid combination.

Key words: hybrid wheat, photosynthesis, grain yield, heterosis

Table 1

Comparison of photosynthetic characters in hybrid wheat and its parents"

亲本及F1代
Parents and F1 hybrid		 净光合速率
Pn
(μmol·m-2·s-1)		 气孔导度
Gs
(mmol·m-2·s-1)		 胞间二氧
化碳浓度
Ci
(μmol·mol-1)		 水分利用
效率
WUE
(mmol·mol-1)		 蒸腾速率
Tr
(mmol·m-2·s-1)		 叶绿素a
Chl.a (mg·g-1)		 叶绿素b
Chl.b (mg·g-1)		 叶绿素(a+b)
Chl.(a+b) (mg·g-1)
不育系
Male sterile lines		 18L7077 28.28 373.78 255.09 13.45 2.10 0.842 0.253 1.095
15L7084 25.58 340.2 228.01 17.35 1.56 0.848 0.262 1.109
12L8012 23.72 315.66 271.39 12.11 1.97 0.782 0.245 1.027
12L8015 22.38 269.2 237.99 14.73 1.54 0.798 0.245 1.043
恢复系
Restorer lines		 川麦93 Chuanmai93 24.94 365.86 231.84 15.7 1.64 0.850 0.259 1.108
川14品16 Chuan14pin16 23.53 318.98 233.02 15.32 1.55 0.896 0.269 1.164
F1代
F1 hybrid		 12L8015×川14品16
12L8015×Chuan 14 pin 16		 27.92 434.69 256.59 16.92 1.67 0.851 0.244 1.095
15L7084×川14品16
15L7084×Chuan 14 pin 16		 27.83 439.33 239.79 16.58 1.75 0.826 0.245 1.071
18L7077×川14品16
18L7077×Chuan 14 pin 16		 30.26 454.31 235.03 13.94 2.17 0.809 0.243 1.052
12L8012×川麦93
12L8012×Chuanmai 93		 30.03 454.59 246.35 14.08 2.20 0.808 0.247 1.055
12L8015×川麦93
12L8015×Chuanmai 93		 31.48 461.67 220.00 17.75 1.89 0.778 0.236 1.014
15L7084×川麦93
15L7084×Chuanmai 93		 28.25 396.67 230.21 14.61 1.96 0.859 0.267 1.126
均值 Mean 27.02 385.41 240.44 15.21 1.83 0.829 0.251 1.080
标准差 Std 2.814 62.018 13.874 1.640 0.236 0.033 0.010 0.042
变异系数CV (%) 10.42 16.09 5.77 10.78 12.88 4.04 4.03 3.90
组间差异Difference in combinations (F) 111.460** 438.683** 8.840** 105.507** 59.222** 23.849** 11.24* 12.46**

Table 2

Performance of heterosis for photosynthetic characters in hybrid wheat"

性状
Trait		 超高亲优势
Over high-parent heterosis		 中亲优势
Over mid-parent heterosis		 超低亲优势
Below low-parent heterosis
正向组合数
HPH>0		 平均
AH (%)		 范围
Range (%)		 正向组合数
MPH>0		 平均
AH (%)		 范围
Range (%)		 负向组合数LPH<0 平均
AH (%)		 范围
Range (%)
净光合速率 Pn 6 15.40 7.00-26.23 6 20.08 11.82-33.05 0 25.34 13.25-40.66
气孔导度 Gs 6 24.30 8.42-36.27 6 35.82 20.35-47.81 0 39.35 16.60-61.47
胞间二氧化碳浓度 Ci 3 -0.61 -9.22-7.82 3 0.16 -6.35-8.95 1 3.04 -5.11-10.11
水分利用效率 WUE 3 -2.67 -15.80-13.06 4 2.88 -11.58-16.67 1 9.42 -9.00-23.27
蒸腾速率 Tr 6 11.36 3.59-19.09 6 16.93 8.00-22.07 0 23.82 8.28-40.43
叶绿素a Chl.a 1 -5.78 -9.72-1.13 2 -2.65 -7.22-1.46 3 0.79 -4.59-8.88
叶绿素b Chl.b 1 -6.44 -9.50-2.17 1 -4.18 -8.32-2.72 4 0.16 -7.11-3.28
叶绿素(a+b) Chl.(a+b) 1 -5.90 -9.67-1.94 1 -3.00 -7.48-1.59 3 0.16 -5.18-6.67

Table 3

Over high-parent heterosis of photosynthetic characters in hybrid wheat (%)"

F1代
F1 hybrid		 净光合速率
Pn		 气孔导度
Gs		 胞间二氧化碳浓度
Ci		 水分利用效率
WUE		 蒸腾速率
Tr		 叶绿素a
Chl.a		 叶绿素b
Chl.b		 叶绿素(a+b)
Chl.(a+b)
12L8015×川14品16
12L8015×Chuan 14 pin 16		 18.63** 36.28** 7.82* 10.46** 7.73* -5.01* -9.13* -5.96
15L7084×川14品16
15L7084×Chuan 14 pin 16		 8.80* 29.14** 2.90 -4.44 11.64** -9.72** -9.50* -9.67*
18L7077×川14品16
18L7077×Chuan 14 pin 16		 7.00* 21.54** 3.08 -9.01* 3.59 -7.76* -8.82* -8.00*
12L8012×川麦93
12L8012×Chuanmai 93		 20.39** 24.25** -9.23* -10.34** 11.45** -4.88 -4.58 -4.81
12L8015×川麦93
12L8015×Chuanmai 93		 26.23** 26.19** -7.56* 13.06** 14.66** -8.44* -8.79* -8.52*
15L7084×川麦93
15L7084×Chuanmai 93		 10.44** 8.42* -0.70 -15.80** 19.09** 1.13 2.17 1.54

Table 4

Correlation coefficient between heterosis in photosynthetic related traits"

性状
Trait		 净光合速率
Pn		 气孔导度
Gs		 胞间二氧化碳浓度
Ci		 水分利用效率
WUE		 蒸腾速率
Tr		 叶绿素a
Chl.a		 叶绿素b
Chl.b
气孔导度 Gs 0.939**
胞间二氧化碳浓度 Ci -0.534 -0.189
水分利用效率 WUE 0.382 0.396 -0.626*
蒸腾速率 Tr 0.680* 0.559 0.329 -0.196
叶绿素a Chl.a -0.257 0.002 0.017 0.113 -0.670*
叶绿素b Chl.b -0.414 -0.269 -0.107 -0.017 -0.619* 0.843**
叶绿素(a+b) Chl.(a+b) -0.199 -0.062 -0.010 0.082 -0.678* 0.992** 0.904**

Table 5

Correlation coefficients of photosynthetic characters between hybrid wheat combinations and their parents"

性状
Trait		 净光合速率
Pn		 气孔导度
Gs		 胞间二氧化碳浓度
Ci		 水分利用效率
WUE		 蒸腾速率
Tr		 叶绿素a
Chl.a		 叶绿素b
Chl.b		 叶绿素(a+b)
Chl.(a+b)
杂交小麦组合与不育系值HMC -0.219 -0.437 0.128 -0.234 -0.704 0.361 0.585 0.416
杂交小麦组合与恢复系值HRC 0.359 -0.508 -0.668 -0.089 -0.177 0.249 -0.313 0.109
杂交小麦组合与中亲值HMPC -0.192 -0.565 -0.029 -0.239 -0.270 0.374 0.283 0.340

Table 6

Over high-parent heterosis in yield and its components in hybrid wheat (%)"

F1代
F1 hybrid		 主穗小穗数
SN		 主穗长
SL		 穗粒数
GNPS		 有效穗数
SNPP		 单株产量
GYPP		 千粒重
TGW		 单株生物量
BMPP		 收获指数
HI
12L8015×川14品16
12L8015×Chuan 14 pin 16		 4.15* -6.67* -20.66** 40.94** 17.67** 6.16* 17.10** 1.03
15L7084×川14品16
15L7084×Chuan 14 pin 16		 5.09** 3.99* -1.94 15.44** 17.85* 5.85* 15.34* 0.82
18L7077×川14品16
18L7077×Chuan 14 pin 16		 0.94 -0.82 -10.41** 24.83** 16.83* 4.46 14.05* 1.51
12L8012×川麦93
12L8012×Chuanmai 93		 0.13 -11.25** -20.28** 42.11** 7.45* -5.95* 4.60 1.38
12L8015×川麦93
12L8015×Chuanmai 93		 -1.39 -12.35** -25.86** 46.62** 17.51* 9.40** 12.30** 6.62*
15L7084×川麦93
15L7084×Chuanmai 93		 2.71 -4.97* -19.61** 35.34** 7.73* -0.76 4.41 4.25

Table 7

Partial correlation coefficients between heterosis in yield and photosynthetic carbon assimilation"

株高
PH		 主穗长
SL		 单株生物量
BMPP		 单株产量
GYPP		 有效穗数
SNPP		 穗粒数
GNPS		 主穗小穗数
SN		 千粒重
TGW		 收获系数
HI
主穗长 SL 0.625*
单株生物量 BMPP 0.734** 0.789**
单株产量 GYPP 0.291 -0.429 0.981**
有效穗数 SNPP -0.288 -0.882** -0.262 0.815*
穗粒数 GNPS 0.612** 0.928** 0.903** 0.209 0.799**
主穗小穗数 SN 0.797** 0.841** 0.790** -0.701 -0.575 0.805**
千粒重 TGW 0.415 0.001 0.687 0.651 0.118 0.157 -0.349
收获指数 HI -0.442 -0.538 0.422 0.572 0.275 -0.377 -0.413 0.431
净光合速率 Pn 0.348 0.420 0.578* 0.862** 0.150 0.420 0.423 0.343 0.392

Fig. 1

Rubisco activity and relative expression levels of genes encoding rbcL and rbcS in hybrid wheat The expression level of the control is 1; ** indicates significant difference at P<0.01"

Table 8

Heterosis of Rubisco activity and relative expression levels of genes encoding rbcL and rbcS in hybrid wheat"

编号
Number		 F1代
F1 hybrid		 指标
Index		 中亲优势
Over mid-parent heterosis (%)		 超高亲优势
Over high-parent heterosis (%)		 超低亲优势
Below low-parent heterosis (%)
19-200 12L8015×川14品16
12L8015×Chuan 14 pin 16		 Rubisco活性 Rubisco activity 13.00** 5.72* 21.37**
rbcL相对表达量 Relative expression of rbcL 73.17** 42.53** 120.58**
rbcS相对表达量 Relative expression of rbcS 64.22** 61.50** 67.03**
19-204 18L7077×川14品16
18L7077×Chuan 14 pin 16		 Rubisco活性 Rubisco activity 10.52** 8.28* 12.86**
rbcL相对表达量 Relative expression of rbcL -25.26** -28.56** -21.65**
rbcS相对表达量 Relative expression of rbcS -35.69** -52.26** -1.47
19-205 15L7084×川14品16
15L7084×Chuan 14 pin 16		 Rubisco活性 Rubisco activity 10.18** 8.31* 27.32**
rbcL相对表达量 Relative expression of rbcL 86.76** 60.10** 124.08**
rbcS相对表达量 Relative expression of rbcS 131.43** 99.58** 175.37**
19-218 12L8012×川麦93
12L8012×Chuanmai 93		 Rubisco活性 Rubisco activity 9.30* 3.30 16.04**
rbcL相对表达量 Relative expression of rbcL -22.73** -43.64** 22.85**
rbcS相对表达量 Relative expression of rbcS -44.97** -59.00** -16.36
19-219 12L8015×川麦93
12L8015×Chuanmai 93		 Rubisco活性 Rubisco activity 8.99* 6.03* 12.13**
rbcL相对表达量 Relative expression of rbcL 16.70* -8.32 60.51**
rbcS相对表达量 Relative expression of rbcS 38.33** 23.41** 57.35**
19-220 15L7084×川麦93
15L7084×Chuanmai 93		 Rubisco活性 Rubisco activity 7.07* 0.84 14.11**
rbcL相对表达量 Relative expression of rbcL -10.73 -37.30** 54.91**
rbcS相对表达量 Relative expression of rbcS 76.60** 20.74** 228.64**
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