不同降雨年型黑膜垄作对土壤水肥环境及马铃薯产量和效益的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.20.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】To explore the effects of annual precipitation regime and ridge shapes interaction on soil water and fertilizer environment and potato yield and efficiency of black film mulched ridge-furrow tillage, to analyze and explain the mechanism of water and fertilizer interaction to promote crop production and efficient water use, so as to provide theoretical basis for deeply exploring the yield increase potential of the film mulched ridge-furrow tillage technique. 【Method】Based on the technology of black plastic film mulched ridge-furrow tillage with micro-rainwater catchment ditches on the ridges, we developed three types of soil water-fertilizer regulating tillage systems that consists of low ridge (high 16 cm)-furrow (wide 40 cm), middle ridge (high 24 cm)- furrow (wide 40 cm) and high ridge (high 32 cm)-furrow (wide 40 cm) tillage, all with a 10 cm high and 20 cm wide rainwater catchment ditch on ridges, named as BLRF, BMRF and BHRF, respectively, and used as main treatments. Then, using the local custom white film mulched ridge（high 16 cm, wide 60 cm）-furrow (wide 40 cm) tillage (WRF) as control, a 3-year consecutive field experiments of four treatments had been conducted from 2016 to 2018. Soil water content of 0-200 cm soil layer in the potato key growth period of sowing, seedling, budding, flowering, tuberization and maturing as well as the content of soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and their available component (TN, TP, TK and AN, AP, AK) of 0-30 cm soil layer at the end of the experiment period were determined, soil water storage and water utilization efficiency were calculated, the correlation between soil water, fertilizer and potato yield were analyzed. 【Result】Regardless of the precipitation years, both BLRF, BMRF, BHRF and WRF tillage had caused crop increase consumption of soil water in 40-120 cm soil layer. The soil water content and water storage (SWS) in 0-200 cm soil layers in the potato six key growth stages for BHRF, BMRF and BLRF were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those for WRF. Sufficient precipitation and the increased soil water harvested via black film mulched ridge-furrow tillage with micro-rainwater catchment ditches on ridges significantly complement the soil water in 120-200cm soil layer and effectively maintained soil water balance interseason. Take rainfall patterns into account, the effects of soil water conservation for BLRF and BMRF are better than that for BHRF in dry and normal year, and that for the three tillage models were significant efficient in wet year, all were significantly better than that of WRF. Meanwhile, the content of examined soil nutrient parameters in 0-30 cm soil layer under BHRF, BMRF and BLRF at the end of the experiment period were uniformly significantly higher than that of WRF (P<0.05),with the average content of TN,TK,AN, AP and AK were increased by 4.5%-5.6%, 3.6%-5.9%, 8.4%-18.4%, 15.3%-22.3% and 7.1%-13.3% except that of SOC and TP, respectively. In addition, the potato yield, water use efficiency (WUE), net income and output/input ratio for BLRF, BMRF and BHRF were all significantly higher than those for WRF, mainly contributed to the increased the number and weight of large potatoes caused by the improved soil water and nutrient condition. On 3 year average, the yield, WUE, net income and output/input ration of potato were increased by 16.9%-19.0%、15.5%-19.2%、23.3%-27.3% and 12.1%-18.2%, respectively. The four benefit parameters were more sounded under BLRF and BMRF in dry and normal year and highly significant under all the three tillage patterns in wet year. We observed that the 3-year average potato yield positively significant correlation to the contents of TN, TP, TK AN, AP, AK and highly negative correlation to the 3-year average water consumption (ET). Path analysis indicated that AP, ET, potato growth period precipitation (GPR), TK and TN had explained 99.4% of the yield variation. 【Conclusion】The superimposed water collection effect of black film mulched ridge furrow tillage with micro-rainwater catchment ditches on the ridges significantly improves the soil moisture condition, which, in turn, great promoting the vigorous growth of potato and led more organic matter (stems, roots, etc.) return to the soil,then the nutrients from the decomposition of the organic matter and the applied fertilizer improves the soil nutrient content. Good soil water and fertilizer conditions effectively improve the mutual relationship between soil water and fertilizer, increased the supply of water and fertilizer, and significantly improved the potato yield, WUE, net income and input/output ratio. BLRF and BMRF performed well in dry and normal years, BLRF, BMRF and BHRF performed well in wet years, while BLRF and BMRF performed well in all precipitation years. Therefore, BLRF and BMRF are the two most efficient cultivation model after WRF for dry potato high yield production in semi-arid regions of China.

Key words: black film mulched ridge-furrow tillage with micro-rainwater catchment ditched on ridges, water-fertilizer balance, interaction effect, yield, WUE, net income

YANG FengKe,HE BaoLin,DONG Bo,WANG LiMing. Effects of Black Film Mulched Ridge-Furrow Tillage on Soil Water- Fertilizer Environment and Potato Yield and Benefit Under Different Rainfall Year in Semiarid Region[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(20): 4312-4325.

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处理 Treatments	SOC (g·kg^-1)	TN (g·kg^-1)	TP (g·kg^-1)	TK (g·kg^-1)	AN (mg·kg^-1)	AP (mg·kg^-1)	AK (mg·kg^-1)
BHRF	9.5±0.1a	0.94±0.02a	0.84±0.02a	23.5±0.5a	119.5±4.5a	33.5±1.2a	266.7±10.1a
BMRF	9.5±0.1a	0.94±0.01a	0.84±0.01a	23.3±0.2a	120.3±5.9a	32.6±1.7a	256.7±9.9a
BLRF	9.4±0.1a	0.93±0.03a	0.83±0.03a	23.0±0.2ab	110.1±2.7b	31.6±2.6a	253.0±8.7a
WRF	9.4±0.1a	0.89±0.01b	0.81±0.01a	22.2±0.6b	101.6±2.9c	27.4±0.8b	235.3±6.8b

处理 Treatments	薯型 Potato sizes			薯重 Potato weight
处理 Treatments	大薯 Large potato (>150 g)	中薯 Medium potato (75-150 g)	小薯 Small potato (<75g)	大薯重 Large potato weight (kg)	中薯重 Medium potato weight (kg)	小薯重 Small potato weight (kg)
BHRF	2.2±0.05a	1.2±0.06a	2.3±0.1ab	0.64±0.02a	0.24±0.01a	0.19±0.01a
BMRF	2.1±0.10b	1.2±0.10a	2.1±0.10c	0.62±0.01ab	0.24±0.01a	0.19±0.01a
BLRF	2.0±0.04c	1.1±0.06ab	2.2±0.1bc	0.6±0.02b	0.23±0.01a	0.20±0.01a
WRF	1.9±0.04c	1.0±0.06b	2.5±0.08a	0.48±0.01c	0.22±0.01b	0.19±0.01a

年份 Year	处理 Treatments	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	水分利用效率 WUE (kg·hm^-2·mm^-1)	耗水量 ET (mm)	效益 Economic benefits (yuan)	产投比 Input-output ratio
2016	BHRF	31021±1517ab	90.8±4.5ab	341.0±0.0a	20924±1668ab	2.6±0.1b
	BMRF	32953±1611a	97.5±4.8a	338.0±0.1b	23349±1772a	2.8±0.1a
	BLRF	33147±1621a	98.7±4.9a	335.7±0.2b	23562±1783a	2.8±0.1a
	WRF	29335±906b	86.1±3.5b	340.7±o.1a	19368±996b	2.5±0.08b
2017	BHRF	39408±1832a	102.3±4.6a	385.2±0.6a	30149±2015a	3.3±0.2ab
	BMRF	40279±1872a	105.1±4.7a	383.6±0.6b	31407±2060a	3.4±0.2a
	BLRF	40376±1877a	105.3±4.7a	383.6±0.6b	31514±2065a	3.4±0.2a
	WRF	35170±1139b	95.2±4.3b	383.3±0.8b	26887±1253b	3.1±0.1b
2018	BHRF	64544±2304a	144.9±6.3a	445.4±3.5b	57799±2535a	5.4±0.2a
	BMRF	64159±2290a	144.8±6.3a	443.2±3.5b	57675±2519a	5.5±0.2a
	BLRF	63774±2277a	144.9±6.3a	440.2±3.6c	57252±2504a	5.4±0.2a
	WRF	48288±1724b	107.8±4.4b	450.5±2.2a	40217±1896b	4.1±0.2b
平均 Average	BHRF	44991±823a	112.7±2.4a	390.5±1.4b	36290±905a	3.7±0.1b
	BMRF	45797±840a	115.8±2.5a	388.3±1.4b	37477±924a	3.9±0.1a
	BLRF	45766±838a	116.3±2.5a	386.5±1.5c	37442±922a	3.9±0.1a
	WRF	38486±653b	97.6±2.1b	390.8±2.1a	29435±718b	3.3±0.1c

变量 Variable	与产量相关关系 (r)	直接效应Direct effect	间接效应Indirect effect					总效应 Total effect
变量 Variable	与产量相关关系 (r)	直接效应Direct effect	→x1	→x2	→x3	→x4	→x5	总效应 Total effect
AP (x1)	0.828**	0.473		0.1057	-0.1075	0.2171	0.1394	0.3547
ET (x2)	-0.606*	-0.548	-0.0914		0.1697	-0.0879	-0.0487	-0.0583
PGR (x3)	0.204	-0.375	0.1359	0.2481		0.1342	0.0600	0.5781
AK (x4)	0.804**	0.258	0.3977	0.1862	-0.1944		0.1562	0.5457
AN (x5)	0.807**	0.175	0.3764	0.1523	-0.1281	0.2303		0.6308

Effects of Black Film Mulched Ridge-Furrow Tillage on Soil Water- Fertilizer Environment and Potato Yield and Benefit Under Different Rainfall Year in Semiarid Region

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