草甸草原区退耕地的牧草-水分-氮肥耦合机制

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.13.017

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The study was to investigate the effects of three factors, including water replenishment, nitrogen application, and pasture type, on the biomass, plant nutrient composition and soil quality of artificial grassland communities by planting artificial grassland with different planting patterns of Hulunber, and to reveal the retreat of Hulunbuir area and the water-fertilizer coupling mechanisms of cultivated land artificial grassland, so as to optimize the mode of planting management. 【Method】 The experiment was carried out at the Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station. On June 6, 2016, the experiment began with four blocks, each of which included three test factors pasture types (P) and nitrogen application level (N) and Irrigation (I); forage types included three treatments: alfalfa (P₁), awnless brome (P₂), and alfalfa and awnless brome 1:1 mixed sowing (P₃); nitrogen application levels included no nitrogen (N₀), low nitrogen (N₁: 75 kgN·hm^-2·a^-1) and high nitrogen (N₂: 150 kgN·hm^-2·a^-1). The hydration included two levels (I₀: no water, I₁: hydration). There were 72 test plots, each of which was 7 m×10 m, and the row spacing was 1 m; it replenished the water 3 times every year in June, July and August, and the water per unit area was 20 mm. The nitrogen application (chemical pure urea) was twice in the seedling (returning) and tillering stages, respectively. Grassland biomass, nutrients (plant crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber) and soil nutrients (soil total nitrogen, soil organic carbon and soil pH) were measured in 2016 and 2017. 【Result】 (1) The response of (N), (I), (P) and (P×I) to yield in the year of planting (2016) reached a significant level (P<0.05), and two measurements in 2017. The total yield of the production reached a significant level (P<0.05) in response to test factors such as (N), (P), (P×I), (P×N), (N×I×P), and mixed (P₃). Under low water (I₀) conditions, the yield of low nitrogen (N₁) was significantly higher than that of the other treatment groups (P<0.05), with an average of 17 801.19 kg·hm^-2. (2) The crude protein content in 2016 and 2017 were P₁ treatment>P₃ treatment>P₂ treatment, in 2016. P₁, P₂ and P₃ treatment showed that the CP content increased with the increase of nitrogen level when the hydration (I) conditions were the same, and P₁ was not replenished under water (I₀) conditions. The crude protein content under P₁N₂I₀ was significantly higher than that under P₁N₀I₀, P₁N₁I₀, and P₁N₁I₁ (P<0.05), reaching a maximum value of 19.08%; in 2017, under P₃ at I₀ conditions, the CP content of the lower N₁ level (15.12%) was significantly higher than that of N₀ (P<0.05). (3) Both nitrogen application and water addition promoted the negative growth of soil SOC content, positive TN content, and negative pH growth. The SOC growth of the topsoil and the bromegrass were significantly higher than that of the mixed seeding (P<0.05), and the TN growth of the topsoil was significantly higher than that of the bromegrass and mixed seeding (P<0.05); under the surface and subsurface of 2016, the ratio of soil carbon to nitrogen (C/N) was higher than that of 2017, the average surface layer was 17.39% higher, and the subsurface layer was 15.18% higher. The carbon and nitrogen ratio of surface soil was more obvious. The surface soil carbon and nitrogen ratio was P₁N₀I₁in 2016, with the highest value of 8.15; in 2017, the highest value under P₁N₂I₀ was 5.67. The carbon and nitrogen in the subsurface soil was 6.36 higher than that under P₁N₂I₁ in 2016, and the highest under P₃N₂I₁ in 2017 was 5.67. 【Conclusion】 In the second year of planting in Hulunber, the coupling effect of herbage, water and nitrogen fertilizer had a significant effect on the biomass of the grass. The coupling effect of water and nitrogen fertilizer had a synergistic effect on the nutrient accumulation of the grass. The construction of artificial grassland plant could reduce a C/N and soil quality to drop, and adding in different kinds of grass, and water and nitrogen levels all showed the 0-20 cm soil SOC content and pH value were lower and soil TN content increased, indicating that soil acidification occurs, bean-grain mixed soil pH lower amplitude was less than unicast, and high nitrogen and filling water could be reduced to a significantly increased the soil pH value.

Key words: artificial grassland, nitrogen application, adding water, mixed sowing of bean-grass, community biomass, soil nutrients, Hulunber

LI Da,FANG HuaJun,WANG Di,XU LiJun,TANG XueJuan,XIN XiaoPing,NIE YingYing,Wuren qiqige. Coupling Mechanism of Herbage-Water-Nitrogen Fertilizer in Abandoned Farmland in Meadow Steppe[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(13): 2691-2702.

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Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Effects of different treatments on the change of nutritional composition of grassland from 2016 to 2017"

处理组 Treatment	2016				2017
处理组 Treatment	粗蛋白 CP (%)	中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%)	酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%)	相对饲喂价值 RFV	粗蛋白 CP (%)	中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%)	酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%)	相对饲喂价值 RFV
P₁I₀N₀	16.61±0.14b	29.85±1.26a	20.12±1.88a	229.99±13.80a	15.87±0.70a	48.83±0.81a	30.83±1.45a	125.35±3.81a
P₁I₀N₁	17.51±0.41ab	33.49±2.42a	21.23±2.71a	205.41±19.95a	15.51±0.42a	49.84±0.95a	31.87±0.56a	121.17±2.53a
P₁I₀N₂	19.08±0.47a	28.47±1.70a	17.81±1.50a	248.48±17.10a	16.18±1.41a	48.91±1.38a	30.91±1.64a	126.67±7.02a
P₁I₁N₀	16.69±0.74b	32.31±2.12a	21.51±2.76a	211.44±18.30a	15.27±0.68a	49.00±1.08a	30.90±1.39a	124.56±4.55a
P₁I₁N₁	16.62±1.27b	35.32±4.64a	24.48±2.68a	196.45±31.60a	15.30±0.55a	49.95±0.98a	31.89±0.79a	120.19±2.62a
P₁I₁N₂	17.55±0.47ab	31.35±2.61a	22.09±1.86a	218.12±21.46a	15.12±0.66a	49.54±1.88a	32.29±1.65a	122.27±7.52a
P₂I₀N₀	16.37±0.68a	34.27±1.32a	19.71±1.11a	200.74±8.91a	10.21±1.02a	65.08±2.02a	36.99±1.27a	86.53±4.19a
P₂I₀N₁	17.93±0.20a	31.12±1.67a	17.55±1.74a	227.76±17.80a	10.24±0.59a	63.46±1.14a	36.67±0.89a	88.70±2.59a
P₂I₀N₂	18.19±1.21a	33.61±1.48a	17.65±1.88a	209.85±13.62a	12.42±0.47a	63.40±0.99a	34.76±0.99a	90.93±2.53a
P₂I₁N₀	16.59±0.68a	31.07±1.07a	17.33±1.19a	226.77±9.17a	10.04±1.42a	61.77±1.18a	34.51±1.14a	93.74±3.07a
P₂I₁N₁	17.46±1.11a	33.47±0.91a	18.86±1.62a	206.73±8.44a	11.33±0.84a	62.43±1.49a	36.55±1.96a	91.68±4.56a
P₂I₁N₂	17.88±1.56a	32.34±0.97a	18.67±1.83a	214.9±9.80a	11.01±0.61a	64.21±1.47a	36.75±1.24a	87.62±2.96a
P₃I₀N₀	16.79±1.38a	33.65±1.85a	22.24±2.51a	200.61±15.95a	13.15±0.52b	55.33±2.68a	33.72±1.55a	106.87±7.69a
P₃I₀N₁	16.82±1.23a	32.61±1.93a	20.99±2.30a	209.97±16.51a	15.12±0.42a	53.29±0.89a	31.09±1.25a	113.61±3.51a
P₃I₀N₂	17.39±1.88a	33.77±2.77a	21.85±1.42a	202.83±19.54a	14.69±0.39ab	54.22±1.71a	31.20±0.40a	111.50±3.73a
P₃I₁N₀	17.93±1.27a	30.85±1.70a	19.95±2.29a	224.03±16.75a	14.71±0.42ab	54.75±2.49a	33.01±1.44a	109.03±6.42a
P₃I₁N₁	17.62±1.09a	31.96±2.59a	20.27±1.68a	218.49±23.41a	13.77±0.80ab	55.76±0.87a	33.29±1.27a	105.48±3.06a
P₃I₁N₂	18.34±1.05a	31.34±1.69a	18.44±1.89a	223.95±16.67a	14.65±0.46ab	56.37±2.33a	33.56±1.56a	105.02±5.91a

Table 4

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

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Source of variation	2016		2017
Source of variation	F	P	F	P
氮 Nitrogen	0.200	n.s.	6.281	*(0.034)
水 Irrigation	0.067	n.s.	4.951	n.s.
牧草 Pasture	1.738	n.s.	21.827	**(0.002)
氮×水 Nitrogen×Irrigation	0.090	n.s.	0.875	n.s.
水×牧草 Irrigation×Pasture	0.752	n.s.	19.640	**(<0.01)
牧草×氮 Pasture×Nitrogen	0.438	n.s.	23.888	**(0.001)
水×牧草×氮Irrigation×Pasture×Nitrogen	1.099	n.s.	4.270	*(0.022)

处理组 Treatment	产量Dry weight (kg·hm^-2)
处理组 Treatment	2016	2017
P₁I₀N₀	1725.00±190.02a	9954.26±756.41a
P₁I₀N₁	2249.63±317.60a	8241.24±389.35a
P₁I₀N₂	1385.93±226.72a	9546.30±1391.84a
P₁I₁N₀	2171.67±263.37a	9356.11±471.86a
P₁I₁N₁	1936.11±370.06a	10184.04±1492.04a
P₁I₁N₂	2150.46±272.86a	10705.19±1653.52a
P₂I₀N₀	2592.69±363.03a	11030.56±292.88a
P₂I₀N₁	1855.28±416.00a	11133.80±173.71a
P₂I₀N₂	2767.69±595.23a	9316.60±1001.31b
P₂I₁N₀	1829.26±316.65a	11894.91±163.28a
P₂I₁N₁	2258.80±505.40a	11562.36±122.73a
P₂I₁N₂	2672.50±675.11a	8542.5±555.63b
P₃I₀N₀	2178.06±511.10a	13253.33±637.41bc
P₃I₀N₁	2214.63±341.56a	17801.19±503.09a
P₃I₀N₂	2594.17±560.39a	13683.80±266.01b
P₃I₁N₀	2313.52±445.38a	12169.26±394.49cd
P₃I₁N₁	2554.63±256.94a	13263.98±396.62bc
P₃I₁N₂	2140.74±573.56a	11027.78±384.61d

Coupling Mechanism of Herbage-Water-Nitrogen Fertilizer in Abandoned Farmland in Meadow Steppe

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处理组 Treatment	牧草类型 Pasture	补水 Irrigation (mm·m^-2)	氮水平 Nitrogen level (kg N·hm^-2·a^-1)
P₁I₀N₀	苜蓿单播 Alfalfa （P₁）	0	0
P₁I₀N₁			75
P₁I₀N₂			150
P₁I₁N₀		20	0
P₁I₁N₁			75
P₁I₁N₂			150
P₂I₀N₀	无芒雀麦单播 Awnless brome （P₂）	0	0
P₂I₀N₁			75
P₂I₀N₂			150
P₂I₁N₀		20	0
P₂I₁N₁			75
P₂I₁N₂			150
P₃I₀N₀	苜蓿+无芒雀麦混播 Alfalfa+ Awnless brome（P₃）	0	0
P₃I₀N₁			75
P₃I₀N₂			150
P₃I₁N₀		20	0
P₃I₁N₁			75
P₃I₁N₂			150

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