Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (13): 2625-2636.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.13.011

• TECHNOLOGY AND MECHANISM OF TEMPERATE MEADOW STEPPE RESTORATION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Nitrogen Application and Clipping Height on Vegetation Productivity and Plant Community Composition of Haying Meadow Steppe

WANG KaiLi,YANG HeLong,XIAO Hong,SUN Wei,RONG YuPing()   

  1. College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
  • Received:2019-09-11 Accepted:2020-02-10 Online:2020-07-01 Published:2020-07-16
  • Contact: YuPing RONG E-mail:rongyuping@cau.edu.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to improve soil nutrients in haying steppe, to increase grassland productivity, and to maintain sustainable utilize of grassland. 【Method】 Five nitrogen application levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g N·m-2·a-1) and two mowing heights (4 and 8 cm) were set in the haying field of Hulunbuir Grassland Agro-ecosystem Experiment Station with spit-plot design, which was carried out in mid-June and mid-August from 2016 to 2019, respectively, and the responses of nitrogen application and clipping height to community and plant functional group’s species richness and aboveground biomass, crucial species’ important value, dominant species’ functional traits, and soil properties were investigated. 【Result】 The results showed that nitrogen application and mowing height had no significant effect on community and plant functional group’s species richness (P<0.05). Nitrogen application significantly increased the aboveground biomass of grasses and community by 69.2%-115.3% and 36.5%-84.8%, respectively (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference within 10-40 g·m-2·a-1. Lower cutting height significantly reduced the aboveground biomass of grasses by 18.3% (P<0.05). Nitrogen application significantly increased and reduced the important value of Leymus chinensis and Bromus inermis, respectively (P<0.05). Lower mowing height significantly reduced the important value of Leymus chinensis, which increased the value of Bromus inermis; nitrogen application increased the important value of Leymus chinensis, which reduced the important value of Bromus inermis(P<0.05). Lower cutting height significantly increased the important value of Potentilla bifurca and Potentilla acaulis and reduced the important value of Cleistogenes squarrosa (P<0.05). Nitrogen addition significantly increased the plant height, leaf area and shoot nitrogen content of Bromus inermis and Leymus chinensis (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference within 20-40 g·m-2·a-1. The soil pH and soil water content decreased significantly along with the increase of nitrogen application rate, while NH4+-N, NO3--N and inorganic nitrogen (ION) in soil increased (P<0.05). The species richness of community, grasses and nongraminous forbs was positively correlated with soil water content, while the aboveground biomass of community and grasses was negatively correlated with soil water content (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Short-term nitrogen application and suitable clipping height were beneficial to improve vegetation productivity and maintain community composition, and the effects of nitrogen addition were strongly dependent on water availability. It was suggested that the suitable mowing height of grassland in Hulunber haying meadow steppe was 8 cm, and the comfortable nitrogen application rate was 10-20 g·m-2·a-1.

Key words: nitrogen application, mowing, haying meadow steppe, functional group, functional traits, species richness, biomass, Hulunber

Table 1

Results (P-value) of three-way repeated-measures ANOVAs on the species richness (S), aboveground biomass (AB) and relative aboveground biomass (RB) of community and functional groups"

变异来源
Source of variation		 群落Community 禾草Grasses 杂类草Nongraminous forbs
丰富度
S		 地上生物量
AB		 丰富度
S		 地上生物量
AB		 相对生物量
RB		 丰富度
S		 地上生物量
AB		 相对生物量
RB
刈割Mowing NS NS NS 0.008 0.005 NS 0.005 0.005
施氮Nitrogen application NS <0.001 0.047 <0.001 NS NS NS NS
年份Year NS <0.001 NS 0.005 NS NS NS NS
刈割×施氮M×N NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
刈割×年份M×Y NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
施氮×年份N×Y NS 0.008 NS 0.006 NS NS NS NS
刈割×施氮×年份M×N×Y NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

Fig. 1

Effects of nitrogen addition rate and mowing height on species richness (a) and aboveground biomass (b) of community and functional group M4 and M8 represent mowing height on 4 cm and 8 cm respectively. N0, N1, N2, N3 and N4 represent nitrogen addition rate about 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 g·m-2a-1, respectively. The same as in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Table 5. Values (Mean ± SE) followed by different letters represent significantly different within each N gradient at P<0.05"

Table 2

Results (P-value) of three-way repeated-measures ANOVAs on the important value (IV) of crucial species"

变异来源
Source of variation		 无芒雀麦
B. inermis		 羊草
L. chinensis		 二裂委陵菜
P. bifurca		 苔草
C. duriuscula		 糙隐子草
C. squarrosa		 星毛委陵菜
P. acaulis
刈割Mowing NS NS <0.001 NS 0.003 0.020
施氮Nitrogen application 0.012 <0.001 0.043 NS 0.016 NS
年份Year NS NS 0.035 NS 0.040 NS
刈割×施氮M×N NS 0.008 NS NS NS NS
刈割×年份M×Y NS NS NS NS NS NS
施氮×年份N×Y NS NS NS NS NS NS
刈割×施氮×年份M×N×Y NS NS NS NS NS NS

Fig. 2

Effects of nitrogen addition rate and mowing height on the important value (IV) of crucial species Values (Mean ± SE) followed by different letters represent significantly different within each N gradient at P<0.05. *, ** and *** represent significantly different within mowing height at P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively"

Table 3

Results (P-value) of three-way repeated-measures ANOVAs on the plant functional traits of B. inermis and L. chinensis."

变异来源
Source of variation		 无芒雀麦 B. inermis 羊草 L. chinensis
株高
Plant height		 叶面积
Leaf area		 地上部氮素含量
Aboveground nitrogen content		 株高
Plant height		 叶面积
Leaf area		 地上部氮素含量
Aboveground nitrogen content
刈割Mowing 0.012 NS NS NS NS 0.012
施氮Nitrogen application <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
年份Year <0.001 — NS <0.001 — NS
刈割×施氮M×N NS NS NS NS NS NS
刈割×年份M×Y NS — NS NS — NS
施氮×年份N×Y <0.001 — NS <0.001 — NS
刈割×施氮×年份M×N×Y NS — NS NS — NS

Fig. 3

Effects of nitrogen addition rate on plant functional traits of B. inermis (a1, b1, c1) and L. chinensis (a2, b2, c2) Values (Mean ± SE) followed by different letters represent significantly different within each N gradient at P<0.05"

Table 4

Results (P-value) of three-way repeated-measures ANOVAs on soil properties"

变异来源
Source of variation		 pH 含水量
Water content		 全氮
TN		 铵态氮
NH4+-N		 硝态氮
NO3--N		 总无机氮
ION		 有机碳
SOC		 碳氮比
C/N
刈割Mowing NS NS <0.001 NS NS NS 0.029 NS
施氮Nitrogen application <0.001 <0.001 NS <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 NS NS
年份Year 0.036 <0.001 NS — — — <0.001 0.007
刈割×施氮M×N NS NS 0.044 NS NS NS NS NS
刈割×年份M×Y NS NS NS — — — NS NS
施氮×年份N×Y 0.025 0.042 NS — — — NS NS
刈割×施氮×年份M×N×Y NS NS NS — — — NS NS

Table 5

Effects of N application on soil properties (Mean±SE)"

年份
Year		 施氮梯度
N gradient		 pH值
pH value		 含水量
Water content (%)		 全氮
TN
(g·kg-1)		 铵态氮
NH4+-N (mg·kg-1)		 硝态氮
NO3--N (mg·kg-1)		 总无机氮
ION
(mg·kg-1)		 有机碳
SOC
(g·kg-1)		 碳氮比
C/N
2017 N0 6.89±0.06a 20.31±1.26a 3.18±0.11a 1.01±0.18c 8.29±1.83c 9.30±1.99c 34.82±1.16a 11.02±0.39a
N1 6.76±0.05ab 18.80±0.81a 3.18±0.13a 0.82±0.08c 12.58±1.31b 13.41±1.32b 33.65±1.65a 10.61±0.36ab
N2 6.56±0.07b 19.13±0.63a 3.31±0.11a 1.24±0.12c 21.43±2.22b 22.68±2.21b 33.94±2.24a 10.23±0.56ab
N3 6.48±0.06c 19.17±0.45a 3.2±0.14a 2.42±0.36b 33.82±3.36a 36.25±3.50a 31.02±1.28a 9.82±0.45ab
N4 6.42±0.06c 19.11±0.68a 3.42±0.14a 3.74±0.45a 44.22±4.97a 47.95±5.36a 31.02±2.57a 9.06±0.64b
2018 N0 6.67±0.07a 18.26±0.66a 3.05±0.12a — — — 25.34±2.09a 7.71±0.98a
N1 6.61±0.02a 16.29±0.75ab 2.99±0.09a — — — 26.45±1.39a 8.84±0.72a
N2 6.67±0.07a 15.07±0.33b 3.24±0.16a — — — 30.46±1.76a 9.38±0.53a
N3 6.58±0.03a 14.49±0.22b 3.14±0.17a — — — 28.68±1.49a 8.96±0.56a
N4 6.5±0.07a 13.67±0.41c 3.16±0.14a — — — 25.91±0.99a 6.86±1.42a

Table 6

Stepwise multiple regression analysis of species richness and biomass of community and functional groups versus soil factors"

响应变量
Response variable		 群落组成
Community composition		 回归方程
Regression equations
物种丰富度
Species richness		 群落Community Y= 34.82 +0.43X1 -6.04X3+2.57X4 -0.24X5 +0.49X6 (R2=0.31, F=8.62, P<0.001)
禾草Grasses Y= -9.00 +0.11X1 +1.97X2 -0.7X3+0.19X4 +0.07X6 (R2=0.36, F=10.43, P<0.001)
杂类草Nongraminous forbs Y= 49.76 +0.54X1 -5.36X2 +2.06X4 -0.2X5 +0.25X6 (R2=0.31, F=8.47, P<0.001)
生物量
Biomass		 群落Community Y= 901.99 -15.53X1 +1.87X5 (R2=0.42, F=20.9, P<0.001)
禾草Grasses Y= 548.51 -15.45 X1 -30.56X3 -19.05 X4+2.91X5 (R2=0.43, F=21.83, P<0.001)
杂类草Nongraminous forbs Y= -54.01 +35.81X3 (R2=0.15, F=20.28, P<0.001)
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