玉米大豆间作模式下干物质积累和产量的边际效应及其系统效益

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.10.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The study was carried to explore the intensity and extent of marginal effect in the maize-soybean intercropping system and the effect on two crops, and to investigate the aggressivity between two crops and the marginal effects of each line, so as to provide a base for the mechanism of maize-soybean intercropping in the increase of land productive on dry matter accumulation and land equivalent ratio (LER). 【Method】 Field experiment consisted of maize-soybean intercropping system (6M6S, 6M3S, 3M6S, and 3M3S), sole maize (CKM) and sole soybean (CKS), and each row (marked I, II and III) of 4 intercropping treatments has been sampled. The dry matter accumulation and the composite of biomass and yield were measured, and the marginal effects of each crop lines were also calculated. 【Result】A two-year experiment showed that the maize dry matter accumulation of intercropping treatments including 6M6S, 6M3S, 3M6S, and 3M3S was higher than that of CKM, and the soybean dry matter accumulation of 6M6S and 3M6S was higher than that of CKS. Compared with the monoculture treatment, intercropping treatment increased the dry matter accumulation rates of the whole growth period of maize and the early-branching, late branching, filling and maturity stage of soybean. During these two years, the yield of maize under 6M6S, 6M3S, 3M6S and 3M3S accounted for 73.9%, 88.7%, 52.8% and 65.5% of CKM and the yield of soybean accounted for 26.1%, 11.3%, 47.2% and 34.5% of CKS, respectively; The LER_YMS of them were 1.31, 1.23, 1.33 and 1.13, and the aggressivity of maize relative to soybean were 0.44, 0.47, 0.45 and 0.46 in average, respectively. The I, II, and III rows in intercropped maize and the II and III rows in intercropped soybean produced more dry matter accumulation and rate than the respective monoculture of maize and soybean, but the intercropping treatment decreased the dry matter accumulation and rate of I row soybean. During these two years, the per plant yield of maize in I, II, and III rows were 151.43%, 138.51% and 130.83% of CKM, respectively, and the per plant yield of soybean in I, II, and III rows were 90.22%,104.16% and 109.03% of CKS, respectively. The stem and leaf dry matter of crops reached the maximum at silking stage (flowering stage) in two years experiment, the remobilization of maize leaf, maize stem, and soybean stem and leaf were 15.70 g/plant, 27.64 g/plant and 7.43 g/plant, and the efficiency rates of them were 22.80%, 44.23%, 19.61%, and the conversion rates were 14.99%, 26.28%, and 27.79%, respectively. 【Conclusion】The intercropping of maize and soybean increased the dry matter accumulation and yield of crops, the remobilization of leaf and stem, and increased LER, in which maize contributed more than soybean. The marginal effect of intercropping was affected by different row ratios. The dry matter accumulation and yield of I, II, and III rows in intercropped maize were decreasing, and it was increasing in intercropped soybean. In this experiment, the 3M6S intercrop pattern was the most lucrative system, and it had the highest LER and marginal advantage.

Key words: maize and soybean intercropping, marginal effect, dry matter remobilization, yield, land equivalent ratio

ZHAO DeQiang,LI Tong,HOU YuTing,YUAN JinChuan,LIAO YunCheng. Benefits and Marginal Effect of Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield in Maize and Soybean Intercropping Patterns[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(10): 1971-1985.

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	产量土地当量比LER_YMS			产量种间相对竞争力A_YMS			生物量土地当量比LER_BMS			生物量种间相对竞争力A_BMS
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	玉米 Maize	大豆 Soybean	LER_YMS	玉米 Maize	大豆 Soybean	A_YMS	玉米 Maize	大豆 Soybean	LER_BMS	玉米 Maize	大豆 Soybean	A_BMS
2017	6M6S	0.77	0.56	1.33b	1.43	1.04	0.39c	0.73	0.53	1.26a	1.47	1.05	0.42c
	6M3S	1.02	0.27	1.30c	1.42	0.76	0.66a	0.93	0.26	1.20b	1.40	0.79	0.61a
	3M6S	0.55	0.81	1.36a	1.53	1.14	0.39c	0.51	0.76	1.27a	1.53	1.14	0.38c
	3M3S	0.72	0.46	1.18d	1.34	0.86	0.48b	0.67	0.42	1.09c	1.34	0.84	0.50b
2018	6M6S	0.76	0.52	1.28ab	1.53	1.04	0.49ab	0.72	0.53	1.25a	1.44	1.07	0.38a
	6M3S	0.83	0.32	1.15b	1.24	0.97	0.28c	0.84	0.26	1.10b	1.26	1.06	0.20b
	3M6S	0.55	0.75	1.30a	1.64	1.13	0.51a	0.51	0.76	1.27a	1.52	1.13	0.39a
	3M3S	0.64	0.43	1.07c	1.28	0.85	0.43b	0.67	0.42	1.09b	1.33	0.89	0.44a

行号 Number	处理 Treatment	2017						2018
行号 Number	处理 Treatment	V4	R1	R7	输出量 Remobilization amount (g/plant)	输出率 Remobilization efficiency (%)	贡献率 Conversion rate (%)	V3	V6	V12	R1	R3	R7	输出量 Remobilization amount (g/plant)	输出率 Remobilization efficiency (%)	贡献率 Conversion rate (%)
I	6M6S	19.11	77.67	58.18	19.49	25.1	16.5	1.04	15.31	59.93	76.45	81.44	64.15	17.29	21.2	15.0
	6M3S	21.19	69.96	50.89	19.06	27.3	15.7	1.10	17.81	56.65	78.55	77.17	60.72	16.45	21.3	15.0
	3M6S	18.55	73.51	57.65	15.87	21.6	12.8	1.07	19.74	46.95	88.17	87.82	67.93	19.89	22.7	16.9
	3M3S	16.55	68.32	55.44	12.88	18.9	11.8	1.30	14.66	48.41	67.41	65.63	49.05	16.58	25.3	15.1
	均值Mean	18.85	72.37	55.54	16.83	23.3	14.2	1.13	16.88	52.98	77.64	78.01	60.46	17.55	22.5	15.5
II	6M6S	17.86	64.55	52.13	12.42	19.2	10.9	0.97	15.25	55.72	69.62	70.42	59.53	10.88	15.5	10.1
	6M3S	20.85	57.13	45.88	11.25	19.7	10.7	1.26	16.23	48.77	68.05	66.93	51.98	14.95	22.3	17.2
	3M6S	20.48	70.89	51.39	19.50	27.5	16.5	1.18	18.44	42.43	81.97	83.64	62.99	20.65	24.7	19.3
	3M3S	15.54	61.05	45.39	15.65	25.6	15.1	0.81	15.49	45.27	69.17	70.21	49.53	20.67	29.4	22.1
	均值Mean	18.68	63.40	48.70	14.71	23.2	13.3	1.05	16.35	48.05	72.20	72.80	56.01	16.79	23.1	17.0
III	6M6S	15.36	60.57	49.23	11.34	18.7	10.5	1.01	14.75	55.95	66.19	64.77	50.59	14.18	21.9	14.9
	6M3S	17.14	59.00	48.05	10.95	18.6	9.8	0.84	21.79	45.62	60.01	66.37	49.33	17.04	25.7	20.0
	均值Mean	16.68	61.00	47.84	13.16	21.6	12.0	0.93	17.09	48.72	66.89	68.54	51.37	17.17	25.1	19.1
CKM	CKM	16.23	52.66	41.82	10.84	20.6	13.6	1.04	15.49	40.23	56.29	57.96	42.40	15.56	26.8	19.1

行号 Number	处理 Treatment	2017					2018
行号 Number	处理 Treatment	R1	R7	输出量Remobilization amount (g/plant)	输出率Remobilization efficiency (%)	贡献率Conversion rate (%)	V12	R1	R3	R7	输出量Remobilization amount (g/plant)	输出率Remobilization efficiency (%)	贡献率 Conversion rate (%)
I	6M6S	72.05	39.71	32.34	44.9	27.3	25.77	75.14	50.82	41.62	33.52	44.6	29.1
	6M3S	61.59	35.31	26.28	42.7	21.7	24.36	67.01	45.05	35.35	31.66	47.3	28.9
	3M6S	66.10	32.40	33.70	51.0	27.1	20.19	70.98	54.59	32.97	38.01	53.5	32.3
	3M3S	56.75	34.82	21.93	38.6	20.1	20.82	57.59	39.17	35.88	21.70	37.7	19.8
	均值Mean	64.12	35.56	28.56	44.5	24.2	22.78	67.68	47.40	36.45	31.22	46.2	27.6
II	6M6S	67.42	37.60	29.82	44.2	26.1	23.96	65.28	39.24	37.07	28.20	43.2	26.3
	6M3S	55.59	24.45	31.14	56.0	29.6	20.97	59.01	31.03	21.86	37.15	63.0	42.7
	3M6S	65.27	36.91	28.36	43.5	23.9	18.24	72.28	47.49	38.69	33.58	46.5	31.4
	3M3S	55.82	37.05	18.77	33.6	18.1	19.47	55.75	40.81	38.19	17.56	31.5	18.8
	均值Mean	61.03	34.00	27.02	44.3	24.5	20.66	63.08	39.64	33.95	29.12	46.2	29.5
III	6M6S	62.14	37.17	24.97	40.2	23.1	24.06	65.86	40.03	36.97	28.89	43.9	30.4
	6M3S	59.96	35.45	24.51	40.9	22.0	19.62	54.25	35.31	31.14	23.10	42.6	27.2
	均值Mean	59.74	35.92	23.82	39.9	21.7	21.84	59.73	38.95	35.06	24.67	41.3	27.4
CKM	CKM	52.51	30.90	21.62	41.2	27.2	17.30	50.17	38.78	27.29	22.88	45.6	28.1

行号 Number	处理 Treatment	2017						2018
行号 Number	处理 Treatment	V4	R2	R7	输出量Remobilization amount (g/plant)	输出率Remobilization efficiency (%)	贡献率Conversion rate (%)	V3	V4	V5	R2	R5	R7	输出量 Remobilization amount (g/plant)	输出率 Remobilization efficiency (%)	贡献率 Conversion rate (%)
I	6M6S	9.18	29.23	22.95	6.28	21.5	28.1	1.02	9.11	17.46	28.42	32.92	25.80	7.12	21.6	29.2
	6M3S	8.43	26.23	21.78	4.45	17.0	22.8	1.11	9.47	20.78	23.33	33.59	26.58	7.01	20.9	24.3
	3M6S	8.17	40.39	31.19	9.20	22.8	32.9	0.99	8.57	27.98	37.23	41.81	35.89	5.92	14.2	16.3
	3M3S	7.07	23.35	20.07	3.28	14.1	18.2	0.97	8.82	19.52	25.07	30.88	26.03	4.85	15.7	16.9
	均值Mean	8.21	29.80	24.00	5.80	19.5	26.4	1.02	8.99	21.44	28.51	34.80	28.58	6.22	17.9	21.1
II	6M6S	9.63	48.38	38.66	9.72	20.1	35.4	0.88	8.34	21.28	32.33	47.83	37.59	10.24	21.4	29.1
	6M3S	10.07	51.25	38.16	13.10	25.6	66.6	1.14	9.28	21.80	27.21	46.23	33.78	12.45	26.9	34.2
	3M6S	11.07	45.35	36.90	8.45	18.6	31.1	1.10	8.02	24.73	32.39	42.25	37.32	4.93	11.7	13.1
	3M3S	7.92	30.00	25.18	4.82	16.1	21.3	1.09	9.95	21.47	24.23	32.38	24.58	7.80	24.1	29.5
	均值Mean	9.67	43.75	34.72	9.02	20.6	37.3	1.05	8.90	22.32	29.04	42.17	33.32	8.85	21.0	26.1
III	6M6S	10.40	44.20	35.89	8.30	18.8	34.1	1.07	9.21	20.94	31.71	42.71	33.09	9.62	22.5	29.5
	3M6S	8.96	31.14	24.08	7.07	22.7	27.4	1.26	9.33	19.28	21.56	33.05	27.47	5.58	16.9	22.5
	均值Mean	9.24	37.27	29.97	7.30	19.6	29.1	1.12	9.35	21.00	26.64	37.58	29.61	7.96	21.2	27.7
CKS	CKS	8.37	35.02	27.94	7.08	20.2	29.8	1.01	8.95	20.38	28.62	34.41	28.87	5.54	16.1	18.3

Benefits and Marginal Effect of Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield in Maize and Soybean Intercropping Patterns

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