Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (7): 1397-1410.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.07.009

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Quality Barrier Characteristics of Cultivated Layer for Sloping Farmland in Purple Hilly Region

Ge SONG1,DongMei SHI1,XiaoYing ZENG2,GuangYi JIANG3,Na JIANG1,Qing YE1   

  1. 1. College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715
    2. Chongqing Academy of Forestry, Chongqing 400036
    3. Chongqing Eco-environment Monitoring Station of Soil and Water Conservation, Chongqing 401147
  • Received:2019-06-06 Accepted:2019-08-21 Online:2020-04-01 Published:2020-04-14

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purple soil slope farmland is characterized by high productivity and strong erodibility, and is an important cultivated land resource in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Analyzing the types of barrier tillage layer of slope farmland and its impact on crop yield has important application value for determining reasonable tillage layer construction parameters, controlling tillage layer quality and sustainable utilization of slope farmland. Based on the sample of cultivated layer of purple soil slope farmland in different soil fertility grades, this paper quantitatively analyzed the quality barrier characteristics of slope farmland.【Method】 In this paper, the obstacle degree model and cluster analysis were used to study the types and quality characteristics of barrier tillage layer in purple soil slope farmland of different soil fertility grades.【Result】 The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences in soil physical properties between purple soil slope farmland with different soil fertility grades. With the decrease of soil fertility grade, the slope of the plot was significantly larger, and the thickness of the effective soil layer of plot was significantly smaller. When the slope of the plot changed from 5.1° to 21.7°, the crop yield could be reduced by 45%. The lack of soil layer in the five-slope farmland was serious. However, the soil fertility attributes did not show significant differences. The soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen and cation exchange capacity of the first to fourth grade slope farmland in the same soil fertility grade were as follows: topsoil layer>subsoil layer>bottom soil layer. There was no significant difference between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layer in the fifth grade slope farmland. (2) The soil quality index of each soil layer in the first and second grade slope farmland was between 0.434 and 0.528. The soil quality index of each soil layer of the same soil productivity grade was characterized by topsoil layer>subsoil layer>bottom soil layer; the soil physical properties had a more significant effect on the soil quality of low-yield slope farmland. The obstacle degree of the slope of the plot of the fifth-grade slope farmland was 80.73 times than that of the first-grade slope farmland. (3) The purple soil slope farmland could be classified into three types, namely, III soil nutrient limited type, IV effective soil layer thickness limited type, and V field surface slope limited type. When the soil physical property was the main obstacle feature, the cultivated layer structure was loose, the subsoil layer was seriously deficient, and the crop yield was 25% lower than that of the soil nutrient-restricted sloping farmland. 【Conclusion】 The quality of the cultivated layer in the purple soil slope farmland was low, and the barrier cultivated layer included three types: soil nutrient limitation type, effective soil layer thickness limitation type, and slope of the plot limitation type. The physical properties of soil were the main limiting factors for the quality of the cultivated layer of purple soil slope farmland. The slope of the field was too large, and the thickness of the effective soil layer was shallow and thin.

Key words: purple soil, slope farmland, cultivated layer quality, barrier cultivated layer, obstacle degree model, cluster analysis

Table 1

Soil property index and crop yield of cultivated layer in purple soil slope farmland"

地块号
Block
number
行政区域
Administrative
region
土壤紧实度
Soil compaction
耕层厚度
Topsoil
thickness
(cm)
心土层厚度
Subsoil layer thickness
(cm)
有效土层厚度Effective thickness
of soil layer
(cm)
田面坡度
Slope
(°)
土壤有机质
Soil organic
matter
(g·kg-1)
阳离子交换量
Cation exchange
capacity
( cmol(+)·L-1)
土壤全氮
Soil total
nitrogen
(g·kg-1)
土壤有效磷
Soil effective phosphate (mg·kg-1)
农作物产量
Crop
yield
(t·hm-2)
地力等级
Productivity
grade of
cultivated land
1 万州区
Wanzhou District
疏松
Loose
20 20 40 5 19.5 32.1 1.0 12 9.00 一级
First grade
2 万州区
Wanzhou District
疏松
Loose
22 23 45 5 10.0 27.6 0.7 10 6.75 二级
Secondary grade
3 万州区
Wanzhou District
疏松
Loose
20 30 50 10 9.7 16.3 0.9 3 5.25 三级
Third grade
4 万州区
Wanzhou District
疏松
Loose
15 5 20 15 7.0 19.9 0.4 10 4.50 四级
Fourth grade
5 万州区
Wanzhou District
疏松
Loose
20 0 20 25 9.9 18.9 0.8 3 4.50 五级
Fifth grade
6 云阳县
Yunyang Country
疏松
Loose
25 15 40 6 14.6 31.8 0.9 9 9.75 一级
First grade
7 云阳县
Yunyang Country
疏松
Loose
25 25 50 7 9.0 21.1 0.6 7 9.25 二级
Secondary grade
8 云阳县
Yunyang Country
较紧实
Relatively compact
24 16 40 12 19.9 22.4 1.4 6 8.00 三级
Third grade
9 云阳县
Yunyang Country
疏松
Loose
20 20 40 16 12.3 24.8 0.7 4 6.50 四级
Fourth grade
10 云阳县
Yunyang Country
松散
Unconsolidated
20 0 20 20 5.3 28.4 0.4 4 5.25 五级
Fifth grade
11 北碚区
Beibei District
疏松
Loose
20 15 35 5 12.4 28.4 0.9 18 9.00 一级
First grade
12 北碚区
Beibei District
疏松
Loose
19 21 40 5 12.9 24.7 1.0 6 7.88 二级
Secondary grade
13 北碚区
Beibei District
疏松
Loose
20 10 30 10 16.6 17.4 1.1 45 7.13 三级
Third grade
14 北碚区
Beibei District
疏松
Loose
25 0 25 15 10.0 20.8 0.6 1 6.38 四级
Fourth grade
15 北碚区
Beibei District
疏松
Loose
15 0 15 25 10.6 28.8 0.7 6 5.63 五级
Fifth grade
16 綦江区
Qijiang District
疏松
Loose
20 20 40 5 12.2 12.9 0.8 29 9.30 一级
First grade
17 綦江区
Qijiang District
较疏松
Relatively loose
20 20 40 12 14.4 22.6 1.3 6 6.00 二级
Secondary grade
18 綦江区
Qijiang District
疏松
Loose
20 15 35 10 16.9 18.3 1.1 104 5.25 三级
Third grade
19 綦江区
Qijiang District
疏松
Loose
25 15 40 11.5 16.8 12.7 0.6 19 4.50 四级
Fourth grade
20 綦江区
Qijiang District
疏松
Loose
20 0 20 25 18.7 0.1 1.0 139 4.12 五级
Fifth grade
21 江津区
Jiangjin District
疏松
Loose
15 15 30 5 14.0 28.6 1.2 2 6.38 一级
First grade
22 江津区
Jiangjin District
疏松
Loose
19 21 40 5 12.9 21.5 1.0 6 6.00 二级
Secondary grade
23 江津区
Jiangjin District
疏松
Loose
20 20 40 10 10.5 15.8 0.8 1 5.25 三级
Third grade
24 江津区
Jiangjin District
疏松
Loose
20 10 30 15 21.1 16.6 1.1 14 4.50 四级
Fourth grade
25 江津区
Jiangjin District
疏松
Loose
20 10 30 15 16.3 14.1 1.2 0 4.13 五级
Fifth grade
26 彭水县
Pengshui County
疏松
Loose
20 25 45 5 19.6 11.5 1.3 4 9.75 一级
First grade
27 彭水县
Pengshui County
疏松
Loose
20 20 40 7 15.6 12.2 1.0 27 9.10 二级
Secondary grade
28 彭水县
Pengshui County
疏松
Loose
20 10 30 14 14.0 16.5 1.1 8 7.75 三级
Third grade
29 彭水县
Pengshui County
疏松
Loose
20 0 20 16 9.6 25.4 1.2 9 6.00 四级
Fourth grade
30 彭水县
Pengshui County
较紧实
Relatively compact
20 0 20 22 23.4 10.4 1.5 4 5.55 五级
Fifth grade
31 巴南区
Banan District
较疏松
Relatively loose
20 10 30 5 22.8 13.0 1.3 51 9.75 一级
First grade
32 巴南区
Banan District
较疏松
Relatively loose
20 20 40 7 15.5 25.8 1.0 8 8.10 二级
Secondary grade
33 巴南区
Banan District
疏松
Loose
15 10 25 14 32.3 12.7 1.5 27 5.50 三级
Third grade
34 巴南区
Banan District
疏松
Loose
20 0 20 17 14.8 - 1.0 14 6.00 四级
Fourth grade
35 巴南区
Banan District
疏松
Loose
20 0 20 17 12.6 17.3 0.8 18 5.55 五级
Fifth grade

Fig. 1

Soil physical indicators and crop yield variation characteristics of sloping farmland with different productivity grade of cultivated land Different capital letters represent significant differences in different soil fertility grades at the same vertical level (P<0.05)"

Fig. 2

Variation characteristics of soil fertility index of sloping farmland with different productivity grades of cultivated land Different lowercase letters represent significant differences in different vertical levels of the same soil fertility grade (P<0.05). The same as Fig.3"

Table 2

S-type and anti-S-type membership functions, parameters and weights"

指标
Index
土壤属性指标对作物
产量的作用
Effect of soil attribute index for crop yield
隶属函数
Membership function
土层
Soil layer
隶属函数参数
Membership function parameter
权重
Weight
a
(下限Lower limit)
b
(上限Up limit)
土壤有机质
Soil organic matter
(g·kg-1)
+ 耕作层 Topsoil layer 5.29 32.30 0.186
心土层 Subsoil layer 5.07 21.40 0.217
底土层 Bottom soil 3.57 16.60 0.155
土壤全氮
Soil total nitrogen
(g·kg-1)
+ 耕作层 Topsoil layer 0.41 1.54 0.184
心土层 Subsoil layer 0.35 1.08 0.183
底土层 Bottom soil 0.27 2.13 0.252
土壤有效磷
Soil available phosphorus
(mg·kg-1)
+ 耕作层 Topsoil layer 1.20 139.00 0.128
心土层 Subsoil layer 0.09 22.00 0.137
底土层 Bottom soil 0.19 123.00 0.208
阳离子交换量
Cation exchange capacity (cmol(+)·L-1)
+ 耕作层 Topsoil layer 0.08 32.10 0.155
心土层 Subsoil layer 5.38 38.70 0.140
底土层 Bottom soil 0.11 25.40 0.182
耕作层厚度
Topsoil layer thickness
(cm)
+ 耕作层 Topsoil layer 15.00 25.00 0.188
心土层 Subsoil layer - - -
底土层 Bottom soil - - -
心土层厚度
Subsoil layer thickness
(cm)
+ 耕作层 Topsoil layer - - -
心土层 Subsoil layer 5.00 30.00 0.130
底土层 Bottom soil - - -
田面坡度
Field surface slope
(°)
- 耕作层 Topsoil layer 5.00 25.00 0.158
心土层 Subsoil layer 5.00 16.00 0.193
底土层 Bottom soil 5.00 25.00 0.203

Fig. 3

Variation characteristics of soil quality index of sloping farmland with different productivity grades of cultivated land"

Table 3

Characteristics of soil attribute index obstacles in sloping farmland with different productivity grade of cultivated land"

地力等级
Productivity grade
of cultivated land
土层
Soil layer
土壤属性指标障碍度 Barrier degree of soil property index (%)
土壤有机质
Soil organic matter
土壤全氮
Soil total nitrogen
土壤有效磷
Soil available phosphorus
阳离子交换量
Cation exchange capacity
土层厚度
Soil thickness
田面坡度
Field surface slope
一级
First
耕作层 Topsoil layer 22.32 16.42 23.10 9.41 19.16 0.19
心土层 Subsoil layer 29.41 19.21 21.11 15.69 14.15 0.43
底土层 Bottom soil 17.82 30.82 37.53 13.56 - 0.27
二级
Secondary
耕作层 Topsoil layer 24.71 18.22 22.26 8.87 14.86 2.22
心土层 Subsoil layer 31.66 17.54 20.75 14.96 9.48 5.61
底土层 Bottom soil 19.92 37.09 35.55 4.11 - 3.33
三级
Third
耕作层 Topsoil layer 18.69 12.28 18.59 13.05 17.24 7.10
心土层 Subsoil layer 24.18 14.52 17.21 16.79 12.48 14.81
底土层 Bottom soil 15.45 31.50 31.75 11.45 - 9.84
四级
Fourth
耕作层 Topsoil layer 20.09 17.71 18.26 11.00 12.20 9.74
心土层 Subsoil layer 20.28 14.85 13.69 12.91 17.51 20.77
底土层 Bottom soil 15.49 31.89 30.38 7.17 - 15.07
五级
Fifth
耕作层 Topsoil layer 18.21 14.56 15.26 10.59 15.33 15.46
心土层 Subsoil layer - - - - - -
底土层 Bottom soil 3.06 28.28 17.65 21.99 - 29.02

Fig. 4

Hierarchical cluster graph for cultivated layer of sloping farmland"

Fig. 5

Response of crop yield to cultivated layer quality index of sloping farmland with different land productivity grades"

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