Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (8): 1702-1714.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.08.010

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Different Fertilization Methods on Restoration of Eroded and Degraded Cultivated-Layer in Slope Farmland

SONG Ge1(),SHI DongMei1(),JIANG GuangYi2,JIANG Na1,YE Qing1,ZHANG JianLe1   

  1. 1College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715
    2Chongqing Eco-environment Monitoring Station of Soil and Water Conservation, Chongqing 401147
  • Received:2020-06-26 Accepted:2020-10-14 Online:2021-04-16 Published:2021-04-25
  • Contact: DongMei SHI E-mail:2298953443@qq.com;shidm_1970@126.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】The soil erosion of purple soil slope farmland is serious. The study on the effects of soil management measures on the restoration of soil erosion of different erosion degree of cultivated-layer in slope farmland could provide a theoretical and practical basis for the quality control and sustainable utilization of purple soil slope farmland. 【Method】One way ANOVA was used to test the significance of the differences of each index, and the effects of soil management measures on the restoration of soil properties in the cultivated-layer of slope farmland with five degrees of erosion was studied. 【Result】(1) With the increase of erosion degree, the content of sand increased from 38.1%-42.4% to 44.2%-46.4%, while the content of clay decreased from 12.6%-14.8% to 9.6%-11.0%. Compared with S-0, S-5 and S-10, soil bulk density of S-15 and S-20 increased significantly. Under the S-10 erosion degree, the total porosity and capillary porosity decreased the most, and the shear strength of soil was the largest, between 8.71 and 9.56 kg·cm-2. Under the treatments of F and BF, the stable infiltration rate and average infiltration rate of S-15 erosion degree soil decreased the most. (2) There was significant difference in soil properties of cultivated-layer under different management measures. The soil bulk density of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers under fertilization treatments was significantly lower than that under CK (P<0.05), and the soil total porosity and capillary porosity were significantly higher than that under CK and F. Under BF treatment, the initial infiltration rate, stable infiltration rate and average infiltration rate were the largest, while those under CK treatment are the smallest. Compared with CK treatment, the shear strength of BF treatment increased significantly. (3) With the increase of erosion degree, K value of soil erodibility decreased significantly. Compared with S-0, K value of soil erodibility was decreased by 0.1960%-0.2192% under S-20 erosion degree. Under BF treatment, K value of soil erodibility was the highest, followed by F treatment, and CK was the lowest. Compared with CK, the increase of F and BF in S-10 was the largest, with an increase of 0.0684% and 0.1404%, respectively. 【Conclusion】The application of biochar and chemical fertilizer was more effective than that of chemical fertilizer alone in improving soil material composition, structural characteristics and soil water storage and permeability. Applying biochar and chemical fertilizer could effectively reduce the soil erosion in the cultivated-layer of purple soil slope farmland, and the effects of soil improvement in the cultivated-layer (0-20 cm) of 10 cm slope was the best.

Key words: slope farmland of purple soil, cultivated-layer, erosion degree, management measures, soil erodibility

Table 1

Basic physical and chemical properties of soil before carrying out the experiment"

土层深度
Soil depth (cm)		 砂粒
Sand
(%)		 粉粒
Silt
(%)		 黏粒
Clay
(%)		 容重
Bulk density
(g·cm-3)		 总孔隙度
Total porosity
(%)		 毛管孔隙度
Capillary
porosity (%)		 土壤抗剪强度
Soil shearing
strength (kg·cm-2)
0-10 44.00 45.33 10.67 1.33 49.56 34.01 6.32
10-20 42.67 45.33 12.00 1.32 48.06 33.78 7.51

Fig. 1

Effects of different fertilization on soil particle size distribution characteristics of cultivated layer in slope farmland with different erosion degree Different capital letters indicated that there were significant differences in the same erosion degree and different management measures in the same cultivated-layer (P<0.05). Different lowercase letters indicated that the erosion degree of the same cultivated-layer was significantly different under the same management measures (P<0.05). The same as below"

Fig. 2

Effects of different fertilization on soil bulk density of cultivated layer in slope farmland with different erosion degree"

Fig. 3

Effect of different fertilization on soil total porosity of cultivated layer in slope farmland with different erosion degree"

Fig. 4

Effects of different fertilization on soil capillary porosity of cultivated layer in slope farmland with different erosion degree"

Fig. 5

Effects of different fertilization on soil shear strength of cultivated layer in slope farmland with different erosion degree"

Fig. 6

Effects of different fertilization on soil initial infiltration rate of cultivated layer in slope farmland with different erosion degree"

Fig. 7

Effects of different fertilization on soil stable infiltration rate of cultivated layer in slope farmland with different erosion degree"

Fig. 8

Effect of different fertilization on soil average infiltration rate of cultivated layer in slope farmland with different erosion degree"

Fig. 9

Effects of different fertilization on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity of cultivated layer in slope farmland with different erosion degree"

Table 2

Changes of soil erodibility K in cultivated-layer of slope farmland with different soil management measures and erosion degree（t·hm2·h·MJ-1·mm-1·hm-2）"

管理措施
Management measure		 土层深度
Soil depth (cm)		 侵蚀程度 Erosion degree
S-0 S-5 S-10 S-15 S-20
CK 0-10 0.04832Ca 0.04829Bb 0.04826Cc 0.04824Cd 0.04822Ce
10-20 0.04834Ca 0.04832Cb 0.04828Cc 0.04826Cd 0.04824Ce
F 0-10 0.04834Ba 0.04832Ab 0.04829Bc 0.04827Bd 0.04825Be
10-20 0.04836Ba 0.04834Bb 0.04832Bc 0.04829Bd 0.04826Be
BF 0-10 0.04836Aa 0.04835Ab 0.04833Ac 0.04829Ad 0.04827Ae
10-20 0.04839Aa 0.04837Aa 0.04835Ab 0.04831Ac 0.04829Ad

Table 3

Correlation coefficient between soil attribute index and soil erodibility K"

管理措施
Management
measure		 砂粒
Sand		 粉粒
Silt		 黏粒
Clay		 容重
Bulk
density		 总孔隙度
Total
porosity		 毛管孔隙度
Capillary
porosity		 土壤抗剪强度
Soil shearing
strength		 初始入渗率
Initial
infiltration
rate		 稳定入渗率
Infiltration
capacity		 平均入渗率
Average
infiltration
rate		 饱和导水率
Hydraulic
conductivity
CK -0.997** 0.996** 0.998** -0.982** 0.992** 0.996** 0.363 0.995** 0.988** 0.990** 0.993**
F -0.992** 0.991** 0.992** -0.965** 0.992** 0.988** 0.569 0.981** 0.977** 0.980** 0.976**
BF -0.996** 0.997** 0.996** -0.996** 0.993** 0.994** 0.534 0.984** 0.973** 0.980** 0.983**
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