Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (24): 4582-4591.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.24.012

• HORTICULTURE • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Factor Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of the Fruit Quality of ‘Yangjiaocui’ Melons

JiaHao WANG1,YaQian DUAN1,LanChun NIE1(),LiYan SONG2,WenSheng ZHAO1,SiYu FANG1,JiaTeng ZHAO1   

  1. 1 College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm and Utilization of Hebei Province/Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, Hebei
    2 Bureau of Agriculture and Forestry of Qing County, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei
  • Received:2019-07-02 Accepted:2019-09-19 Online:2019-12-16 Published:2020-01-15
  • Contact: LanChun NIE E-mail:nlch66@126.com

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to identify the typical indices of fruit quality and high quality materials of ‘Yangjiaocui’ melons to provide reference and basis for melon quality evaluation and breeding. 【Method】Eighteen indices, including economic trait and flesh quality of fruits from 6 cultivars and 26 high-generation inbred lines of ‘Yangjiaocui’ melons were determined. Based on factor analysis, stepwise regression, correlation analysis and two-dimension ordination map, the typical indices of fruit quality and high quality materials were identified. 【Result】 Among the 18 indices, single fruit mass, hardness, vitamin C (VC) content, titratable acid content, sugar-acid ratio and solid acid ratio showed greater variability, and the variation coefficients were more than 20%. However, the variability of fruit transverse diameter, flesh thickness rate and pH were relatively lower and the variation coefficients were less than 10%. Three common factors were extracted from economic trait indices with 87.71% cumulative variance contribution rate and the explanatory indices were fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit transverse diameter, fruit shape index, fruit cavity longitudinal diameter, fruit cavity transverse diameter and flesh thickness rate. From quality indices, 4 common factors were extracted with 90.03% cumulative variance contribution rate and the explanatory indices were VC content, hardness, total soluble solids content, total sugar content, titratable acid content, sugar-acid ratio and solid-acid ratio. Based on the comprehensive analysis of these selected 6 economic trait indices and 7 flesh quality indices, 5 common factors were extracted with 87.35% cumulative variance contribution rate. According to the correlation among the indices and the principle of simplicity and ease of use and avoidance of overlapping information, 5 indices, including fruit longitudinal diameter, flesh thickness rate, hardness, total sugar content and titratable acid content, could be used as typical indices to evaluate the fruit quality of ‘Yangjiaocui’ melons. The comprehensive quality score of all materials were ranked depended on scores and variance contribution rate of the above 5 common factor and two-dimension ordination map. Finally, 10 materials were selected as high quality materials. 【Conclusion】 Fruit longitudinal diameter, flesh thickness rate, hardness, total sugar content and titratable acid content could be used as typical indices to evaluate fruit quality of ‘Yangjiaocui’ melons. Inbred lines 25, 24, 22, 21, 8, 1, 17, 18, 20 and 23 were high quality materials.

Key words: ‘Yangjiaocui’ melons, fruit quality, multivariate statistical analysis, representative indexes, comprehensive evaluation

Table 1

Statistical result of fruit quality indices"

品质指标
Quality index (QI)
平均值
Average
最大值
Max.
最小值
Min.
标准差
SD
变异系数
CV (%)
经济性状
Economic character
单果重 Single fruit mass (g) 614.55 1244.33 330.80 191.86 31.22
果实纵径 Fruit longitudinal diameter (cm) 25.00 32.77 17.97 3.73 14.90
果实横径 Fruit transverse diameter (cm) 6.92 8.57 5.62 0.60 8.67
果形指数 Fruit shape index 3.63 4.80 2.27 0.55 15.06
瓜把长 Stipe longitudinal diameter (cm) 3.74 5.08 2.03 0.66 17.71
把横径 Stipe transverse diameter (cm) 4.07 6.82 2.64 0.81 19.96
瓜腔纵径 FCLD (cm) 20.31 27.60 14.50 3.43 16.91
果腔横径FCTD (cm) 2.78 3.83 1.83 0.42 14.97
果肉厚Flesh thickness (cm) 2.07 3.07 1.61 0.30 14.70
肉厚率Flesh thickness rate (%) 0.60 0.72 0.50 0.06 9.65
果肉品质
Flesh
quality
硬度Hardness (105 Pa) 3.69 6.27 1.79 1.00 30.46
pH 6.46 7.30 5.53 0.48 7.39
Vc (mg/100 g) 7.41 12.99 4.08 2.24 30.24
可滴定酸TA (%) 0.15 0.23 0.10 0.04 23.68
可溶性固形物TSS (%) 10.18 13.82 8.18 1.36 13.33
总糖 Total sugar (g/100 g) 7.47 9.96 5.27 1.04 13.86
糖酸比Total sugar/TA 50.82 91.28 31.42 12.60 24.79
固酸比TSS/TA 68.89 101.63 44.74 14.87 21.59

Table 2

Factor loading after rotation of economic characters indexes"

品质指标 Quality index F1 F2 F3
单果重 Single fruit mass 0.649 0.694 0.249
果实纵径 Fruit longitudinal diameter 0.899 0.366 0.196
果实横径 Fruit transverse diameter -0.122 0.963 -0.001
果形指数 Fruit shape index 0.944 -0.207 0.174
瓜把长 Stipe longitudinal diameter 0.652 -0.030 -0.142
把横径 Stipe transverse diameter 0.265 0.723 -0.127
果腔纵径 FCLD 0.831 0.388 0.310
果腔横径 FCTD -0.177 0.280 -0.928
果肉厚 Flesh thickness 0.004 0.756 0.631
肉厚率Flesh thickness rate 0.081 0.250 0.957
特征值 Eigenvalue 4.679 2.213 1.879
累计贡献率Total account(%) 46.790 68.920 87.710

Table 3

Factor loading after rotation of flesh quality indexes"

品质指标 Quality index F1 F2 F3 F4
硬度 Hardness 0.127 -0.001 -0.160 0.930
pH 0.264 0.680 0.001 -0.562
VC 0.170 -0.061 0.829 -0.172
可滴定酸 TA -0.934 0.301 0.133 -0.051
可溶性固形物 TSS -0.159 0.940 0.177 0.061
总糖 Total sugar -0.081 0.411 0.821 -0.016
糖酸比 Total sugar/TA 0.884 -0.070 0.404 -0.001
固酸比TSS/TA 0.952 0.252 0.002 0.028
特征值 Eigenvalue 2.768 2.280 1.123 1.032
累计贡献率Total account (%) 34.590 63.090 77.130 90.030

Table 4

Factor loading after rotation of comprehensive quality indexes"

品质指标 Quality index F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
果实纵径 Fruit longitudinal diameter -0.215 0.949 -0.150 0.093 0.124
果实横径 Fruit transverse diameter 0.221 0.146 -0.448 -0.150 0.778
果形指数 Fruit transverse diameter -0.349 0.835 0.143 0.159 -0.313
果腔纵径 FCLD -0.205 0.926 -0.146 0.189 0.169
果腔横径 FCTD 0.117 -0.146 -0.100 -0.957 0.172
肉厚率 Flesh thickness rate -0.016 0.197 -0.129 0.904 0.283
硬度 Hardness 0.162 0.016 -0.243 -0.158 -0.814
VC 0.315 -0.107 0.575 0.133 0.299
可滴定酸 TA -0.889 0.198 0.365 0.094 -0.005
可溶性固形物 TSS -0.263 -0.115 0.687 -0.198 -0.201
总糖 Total sugar 0.054 0.000 0.925 0.033 0.016
糖酸比 Total sugar/TA 0.924 -0.234 0.211 0.048 0.060
固酸比 TSS/TA 0.846 -0.283 0.056 -0.146 -0.062
特征值 Eigenvalue 4.354 2.496 1.959 1.402 1.145
累计贡献率Total account (%) 21.780 42.820 59.670 74.600 87.350

Table 5

Correlation coefficient of 18 indices"

单果重
Single
fruit
mass
果实纵径
Fruit
longitudinal
diameter
果实横径
Fruit
transverse
diameter
果形指数
Fruit
shape
index
瓜把长
Stipe
longitudinal
diameter
把横径
Stipe
transverse
diameter
果腔
纵径
FCLD
果腔
横径
FCTD
果肉厚
Flesh
thickness
肉厚率
Flesh
thickness
rate
硬度
Hardness
pH VC 可滴
定酸
TA
可溶性固形物
TSS
总糖
Total
sugar
糖酸比
Total
sugar
/TA
固酸比
TSS
/TA
单果重
Single fruit mass
1
果实纵径
Fruit longitudinal diameter
0.89** 1
果实横径
Fruit transverse diameter
0.60** 0.25 1
果形指数
Fruit shape index
0.52** 0.82** -0.34 1
瓜把长
Stipe longitudinal diameter
0.33 0.49** -0.02 0.47** 1
把横径
Stipe transverse diameter
0.59** 0.43* 0.52** 0.12 0.06 1
瓜腔纵径 FCLD 0.90** 0.98** 0.27 0.79** 0.33 0.43* 1
果腔横径 FCTD -0.14 -0.22 0.32 -0.38* -0.02 0.18 -0.30 1
果肉厚
Flesh thickness
0.68** 0.40* 0.76** -0.07 0.00 0.39* 0.47** -0.37* 1
肉厚率
Flesh thickness rate
0.45** 0.34 0.23 0.18 -0.02 0.11 0.44* -0.84** 0.80** 1
硬度 Hardness -0.31 -0.09 -0.36* 0.08 0.19 -0.28 -0.15 0.07 -0.40* -0.30 1
pH -0.19 -0.27 -0.16 -0.13 -0.17 0.00 -0.28 0.07 -0.21 -0.17 -0.37* 1
Vc -0.21 -0.21 0.00 -0.18 0.02 -0.02 -0.20 -0.04 0.02 0.06 -0.17 0.20 1
可滴定酸 TA 0.21 0.33 -0.32 0.52** 0.13 0.07 0.33 -0.26 -0.14 0.10 -0.18 -0.01 -0.05 1
可溶性固形物 TSS -0.24 -0.17 -0.40* 0.09 -0.06 -0.17 -0.19 0.02 -0.41* -0.23 -0.04 0.49** 0.06 0.45** 1
总糖 Total sugar -0.26 -0.15 -0.38* 0.09 -0.01 -0.31 -0.14 -0.11 -0.31 -0.09 -0.22 0.22 0.46** 0.30 0.51** 1
糖酸比 Total sugar/TA -0.36* -0.45** 0.10 -0.50** -0.14 -0.30 -0.42* 0.09 0.03 -0.04 0.01 0.15 0.39* -0.79** -0.14 0.30 1
固酸比 TSS/TA -0.34 -0.46** 0.13 -0.52** -0.18 -0.20 -0.46** 0.23 -0.03 -0.17 0.11 0.35* 0.15 -0.81** 0.12 0.01 0.82** 1

Fig. 1

Two dimensional ordered graph of each factor of 32 materials"

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