晚霜冻胁迫后冬小麦株高降低及其与籽粒产量关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.18.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to explore the effects of late frost stress on plant height and its components in winter wheat, and to clarify the characteristics of plant height reduction and its relationship with internode length, ear length and grain yield, in order to provide a basis for establishing the evaluation index of late frost damage. 【Method】By using two frost simulation means based on the Cold Climate Chamber and the Field Movable Climate Chamber, six pot experiments and three plots experiments were carried out with the developmental progresses (floret primordia differentiation (FPD), pistil and stamen primordia differentiation (PSPD), anther connective tissue formation (ACTF), tetrad formation (TF) and heading phase) of young ear and the subfreezing treatment temperatures (-1 °C, -3 °C, -5 °C, -7 °C, -9 °C and -11 °C) as the gradients. Culm injury was investigated after each frosting treatment, and plant height and its components, and grain yield were measured at maturity. Variance analysis, regression function fitting and test method for sudden change were used to study the rule of plant height reduction, the contribution of each component to plant height, and the regression relationship of plant height and grain yield. 【Result】 (1) In the stages of PSPD to late ACTF, plant height generally showed a decreasing trend with the decrease of treatment temperature. When the treatment temperature was lower than -5℃ or so, a mutation began, and there were certain differences between individual plants and varieties. At the same treatment temperature, the greatest decline in plant height occurred in the late ACTF stage. (2) In the stages of PSPD, early ACTF and late ACTF, fourth internode length from the top (FIL), antepenultimate internode length (AIL), penultimate internode length (PIL) and ear length (EL) all showed shortening trends in different degrees under the frost stress. In these periods, the key two internodes contributing to plant height were FIL and AIL, AIL and PIL, and PIL and FIL, respectively, that showed a strongly significant correlation (P<0.001) with plant height. Correspondingly, plant height significantly decreased. (3) The regression curves between plant height and kernel number per ear, 1 000-kernel weight, and yield per plant were well fitted by the power function models. The reduction in yield per plant showed a trend from the rapid to the slow as plant height decreased. When yield per plant was reduced to 1.5 g or less because of the further frost stress, it became relatively stable as plant height continued to decrease, also, kernel number per ear did not change significantly any more at that time. 【Conclusion】 Under the simulated late frost stress, a significantly shortening trend occurred only in the imminent or elongated internodes and young ear, but not in the end of elongation. When the shortening internodes were consistent with the internodes that mainly contributed to the plant height, plant height significantly decreased. Using the shortening feature of the internodes, and the power function model between plant height and yield per plant, a new approach could be provided for the risk assessment of plant lodging in late growth and yield loss of winter wheat affected by late frost.

Key words: winter wheat, late frost stress, developmental progress, plant height, length of internode and ear, grain yield

YongFeng WU, Xin HU, DeChao REN, Ping SHI, SongCai YOU. Reduction of Plant Height in Winter Wheat and Its Relationship with Grain Yield Under Late Frost Stress[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(18): 3470-3485.

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晚霜冻模拟手段 Simulating method of late frost	试验年份 Experimental year	冬小麦品种 Winter wheat varieties	种植方式 Planting pattern	处理温度 Treatment temperature
低温室模拟 Cold Climate Chamber simulating	2015-2016	周麦22 ZM22	盆栽种植 Pot planting	-1℃、-3℃、-5℃、-7℃、-9℃、-11℃
田间可移动式霜箱模拟 Field Movable Climate Chamber simulating	2011-2012 2013-2014	豫麦18、周麦18和偃展4110 YM18, ZM18 and YZ4110 周麦22 ZM22	小区种植 Plot planting	-1℃、-3℃、-5℃、-7℃、-9℃

试验 Experiment	处理日期 Treatment date	处理温度及时间间隔 Treatment temperature and time interval	主茎幼穗分化阶段 Differentiation stage of young ear in the main stem
试验1 Exp.1	03-20-03-22, 2016	-11℃: 12:00-18:00; -9℃: 18:30-00:30; -7℃: 01:20-07:20; -5℃: 09:00-15:00; -3℃: 15:30-21:30; -1℃: 22:00-04:00	小花原基分化期 Floret primordia differentiation phase
试验2 Exp.2	03-25-03-27, 2016	-11℃: 12:30-18:30; -9℃: 18:30-00:30; -7℃: 01:00-07:00; -5℃: 08:30-14:30; -3℃: 14:30-20:30; -1℃: 21:00-03:00	雌雄蕊原基分化期 Pistil and stamen primordia differentiation phase
试验3 Exp.3	03-30-04-01, 2016	-11℃: 21:30-03:30; -9℃: 15:30-21:30; -7℃: 09:00-15:00; -5℃: 16:00-22:00; -3℃: 22:30-04:30; -1℃: 10:00-16:00	药隔形成前期 Early anther connective tissue formation phase
试验4 Exp.4	04-05-04-07, 2016	-11℃: 12:30-18:30; -9℃: 19:30-01:30; -7℃: 02:00-08:00; -5℃: 09:00-15:00; -3℃: 19:00-01:00; -1℃: 01:00-07:00	药隔形成后期 Late anther connective tissue formation phase
试验5 Exp.5	04-10-04-12, 2016	-9℃: 19:00-01:00; -7℃: 01:00-07:00; -5℃: 12:00-18:00; -3℃: 19:00-01:00; -1℃: 01:00-07:00	四分体时期 Tetrad formation phase
试验6 Exp.6	04-15-04-16, 2016	-9℃: 09:00-15:00; -7℃: 17:00-23:00; -5℃: 23:00-05:00; -3℃: 10:30-16:30; -1℃: 16:30-22:30	抽穗期 Heading phase

试验 Experiment	处理日期 Treatment date	处理温度及时间间隔 Treatment temperature and time interval	主茎幼穗分化阶段 Differentiation stage of young ear in the main stem
试验7 Exp.7	03-30-03-31, 2012	-1℃: 6:30 - 12:30; -3℃: 12:30 - 18:30; -5℃: 18:30 - 0:30; -7℃: 0:30 - 6:30; -9℃: 6:30 - 12:30	药隔形成后期 Late anther connective tissue formation phase
试验8 Exp.8	03-20-03-22, 2014	-9℃: 17:20 - 01:20; -7℃: 01:20 - 09:20; -5℃: 09:20 - 17:20; -3℃: 17:20 - 01:20; -1℃: 01:20 - 09:20	雌雄蕊原基分化期 Pistil and stamen primordia differentiation phase
试验9 Exp.9	04-01-04-02, 2014	-9℃: 17:20 - 23:20; -7℃: 23:20 - 05:20; -5℃: 05:20 - 11:20; -3℃: 11:20 - 17:20; -1℃: 17:20 - 23:20	四分体时期 Tetrad formation phase

试验 Experiment	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	对照 CK	试验 Experiment	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	对照 CK
试验1 Exp.1	周麦22 ZM22	136	11	试验7 Exp.7	豫麦18 YM18	50	10
试验2 Exp.2		128	10		周麦18 ZM18	49	9
试验3 Exp.3		124	11		偃展4110 YZ4110	48	10
试验4 Exp.4		119	11	试验8 Exp.8	周麦22 ZM22	142	29
试验5 Exp.5		132	11	试验9 Exp.9	周麦22 ZM22	141	29
试验6 Exp.6		135	9

试验 Experiment	穗长 EL	穗下节间长 PL	倒二节间长 PIL	倒三节间长 AIL	倒四节间长 FIL
试验1 Exp.1	0.080	-0.175^*	-0.112	0.100	0.261^**
试验2 Exp.2	0.339^***	-0.127	0.181*	0.308^***	0.114
试验3 Exp.3	0.270^**	0.132	0.323^***	0.139	0.296^***
试验4 Exp.4	0.472^***	-0.036	0.406^***	0.259^**	0.626^***
试验5 Exp.5	-0.139	-0.249^**	0.149	0.297^***	0.201^*
试验6 Exp.6	-0.186^*	0.175^*	-0.073	0.047	-0.294^***

Reduction of Plant Height in Winter Wheat and Its Relationship with Grain Yield Under Late Frost Stress

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