氮肥后移对绿洲灌区玉米干物质积累和产量构成的调控效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.15.006

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】In oasis irrigation agricultural region, the traditional fertilizer application in maize production has caused serious problems, such as soil available nitrogen hunger, premature-senescence and yield reduction in the late growth stages under plastic-film mulching. The aim of this study was to provide academic and practical evidence for enhancing dry matter accumulation and yield parameters of maize through the optimization of nitrogen fertilizer management. 【Method】The three-year field experiment was carried out in Hexi Oasis irrigation region of Gansu province from 2012 to 2015. Each of the treatment in this study received the same amount of total nitrogen and with 10% as basal N and 40% as pre-tasseling N. Three N application treatments were set with application of different N amounts postponed from jointing N to post-flowering N: 20% of N postponing applied (M₁), 10% of N postponing applied (M₂), and traditional nitrogen application (M₃). 【Result】Postponing of application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the highest dry matter accumulation rate, the average dry matter accumulation rate and advanced the days of emergence of the highest dry matter accumulation rate. Compared with traditional nitrogen application, the maximum dry matter accumulation rate and the average rate of maize in the treatment with postponing application of 20% of N was increased by 15.6% and 6.6%, respectively. Meanwhile, the days of emergence of the highest dry matter accumulation rate was advanced by 2.9 days. Nitrogen fertilizer application had significant influence on biomass yield, grain yield, harvest index, number of productive ear, seed number per ear, and 1000-grain weight. Compared with traditional nitrogen application treatment, biomass yield of maize in the treatment postponing of application of 20% of N was increased by 6.6%, but not significant between the treatment with postponing of application of 10% of N and the traditional treatment. Similarly, grain yield of maize in the treatment with postponing of application of 20% and 10% of N was respectively, increased by 14.1% and 5.5%. The harvest index of maize in treatment with postponing of application of 20% of N was increased by 7.5%, but not significant between the treatment with postponing of application of 10% of N and the traditional treatment. Compared with traditional nitrogen application, the number of productive ear, seed number per ear, 1000-grain weight of maize in the treatment with postponing of application of 20% of N were increased by 8.9%, 12.9%, 5.8%, respectively, however, 1000-grain weight of maize in the treatment with postponing of application of 10% of N was not significant. The facts showed that the treatment with postponing of application of 20% of N has regulated grain yield with the improvement of number of productive ear and the enhancement of seed number per ear and 1000-grain weight. 【Conclusion】The treatment with postponing of application of 20% of N, (i.e. N application with 45 kg·hm^-2 at maize jointing, 180 kg·hm^-2 at pre-tasseling stage, and 135 kg·hm^-2 at 10 days post-flowering stage of maize) could be considered as the best feasible nitrogen fertilizer management for optimizing dry matter accumulation and obtain high yield for maize in oasis irrigation region.

Key words: oasis irrigation region, N-fertilizer postponing application, maize, dry matter accumulation, yield components

WEI TingBang, HU FaLong, ZHAO Cai, FENG FuXue, YU AiZhong, LIU Chang, CHAI Qiang. Response of Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield Components of Maize Under N-Fertilizer Postponing Application in Oasis Irrigation Areas[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(15): 2916-2927.

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Response of Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield Components of Maize Under N-Fertilizer Postponing Application in Oasis Irrigation Areas

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