新鲜和腐熟紫茎泽兰对三种茄科蔬菜生理和辣椒产量品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.05.007

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 Ageratina adenophora is a noxious invasive weed and widely spread in southwest China. This weed can’t be put into filed directly because of their strong vitality and reproduction by roots, stems, and seeds. The objective of this study is to research the effects of fresh and composted A. adenophora on physiology of three Solanaceae vegetables (Capsicum annuum, Solanum lycopersicom and Solanum melongena), and yield and quality of pepper in order to provide technical support for harmless treatment and resource utilization. 【Method】 A microbial inoculum made from Pseudomonas putita sp. and Clostridium thermocellum sp., the bacteria insensitive to the toxicity of A. adenophora, was used to compost this invasive plant materials in fields. Then pure culture experiment was conducted to study the effects of the extracts from both fresh and decomposed A. adenophora on seed germination, young seedling growth, seed inclusions (protein, free amino acid, starch, soluble sugar, total phosphorus, and soluble phosphorous), and some physiological indexes (nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll concentration, and root activity) of young seedlings. In addition, a field experiment was carried out to investigate the yield and quality of pepper in the composted A. adenophora (OF, organic fertilizer) and inorganic fertilizer treatments (CK, without fertilizer; CF, chemical fertilizer; CF+OF, chemical fertilizer plus organic fertilizer).【Result】In the pure culture experiment, the inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth were intensified as the concentration of the extract from fresh A. adenophora (EFA) increased in contrast to the extract from composted A. adenophora (EDA) which behaved otherwise. The seed germination rate was increased by 2.48%-17.78% and seedling height by 51.28%-105.02% following seed treatment with EDA compared with sterile water. Simultaneously, the concentrations of protein and starch in seeds increased with EFA concentrations increased in seed soaking treatments, despite of no significant changes in total phosphorus. In the same case, however, the concentrations of free amino acid, soluble sugar, and soluble phosphorus decreased. Opposite effects was found on free amino acid, soluble sugar, and soluble phosphorous in seeds with EDA soaking treatment. Nitrate reductase activity was decreased by 66.67%-73.17%, chlorophyll by 17.79%-80.57%, and root activity by 41.52%-61.15% in the young seedlings which came from the seeds treated with 100 mg·L^-1 EFA compared with the sterile water. Providing same concentration of EDA to treat the seeds significantly increased these three physiological index values, with nitrate reductase activity showing 88.89% of maximum increment, followed chlorophyll concentration (73.61%), and root activity with 95.82%, respectively. Therefore, EFA inhibited significantly the hydrolysis of protein, starch and inositol phosphates in endosperm, resulting in low seed germination rate. The depression of chlorophyll concentration, root activity and nitrate reductase activity in seedlings by EFA could be unbeneficial to photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and nitrogen assimilation, which might lead to the inhibition of seedling growth. On the other hand, EDA promoted the hydrolysis of high molecular metabolites in endosperm, by which increased soluble inclusions in seeds, and also enhanced chlorophyll concentration, root activity and nitrate reductase activity in young seedlings. In the field experiment, the fruit yield of pepper changed in the sequence: CF+OF > CF ≈ OF > CK. The fruit yield of pepper received CF+OF was increased by 14.42% compared to CF. The best fruit quality was also obtained by supplying the pepper with CF+OF because of the highest free amino acids and vitamin C but lower nitrate. 【Conclusion】The composting A. adenophora with microbial inoculum eliminated the physiological inhibition of seed germination and young seedling growth produced by EFA. Application of composted A. adenophora in combination with chemical fertilizer increased pepper yield and improved the fruit quality. Composting A. adenophora realized harmless treatment and resource utilization, which provided an organic fertilizer resource for the local vegetables cultivation.

Key words: Ageratina adenophora;decompose, physiology, yield, Solanacea vegetables

JIAO Yu-jie, SANG Yu-jie, YANG Lei, WANG Ya-qi, WU Ye-kuan, DU Ru-wan, YUAN Ling. Effects of Fresh and Composted Ageratina adenophora on Physiology of Three Solanaceae Vegetables and Yield and Quality of Pepper[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(5): 874-884.

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